CONFIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

TEST
SEMESTER I
SESSION 2021/2022

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

PROGRAMME : BFF

TEST DATE : DECEMBER 2021

DURATION : 1 HOUR AND 30 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS : ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF TWELVE (12) PAGES

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CONFIDENTIAL BFC 31802

Q1 (a) Road infrastructure is crucially contributed to economic and social

development. In Malaysia, roads can be categorized to few categories based
on the source of funding for construction and maintenance.

(i) Briefly describe the category of the street in front of your

accommodation during your study at Parit Raja.
(2 marks)

(ii) Figure Q1(a)(ii) shows the road in front of UTHM campus. Briefly
discuss the classification of this road.
(3 marks)

(b) Explain THREE (3) types of crushed aggregate that commonly used in
asphalt mixture design and suitable for road construction.
(5 marks)

(c) Table Q1(c) shows a laboratory test result for the course granite aggregate
with size 19 mm. Determine the bulk specific gravity (oven dried) and water
absorption of the aggregates.
(5 marks)

Table Q1(d) shows a California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test result for Central
(d)
Spine Road project which connecting from Simpang Pelangai, Pahang to
Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Based on the statements, calculate and plot the graph
for CBR value based on the calibration factor 0.025 kN/div.
(10 marks)

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Q2 (a) Briefly explain FOUR (4) types of road sight distance that commonly
considered during the geometrical design stage for the purpose of the safety.

(4 marks)

(b) Drivers must slow down a drive from 90 km/hr to 50 km/hr to negotiate a
severe curve on a rural highway, which a warning sign for the curve is clearly
visible in a distance as 40 metres. Calculate the advance distance of the curve
to locate the sign to ensure that vehicles have a sufficient distance to
decelerate safely. Given perception-reaction time is 2.5 seconds for rural
segment.
(6 marks)

(c) Describe the basic element of the rigid pavement structure with using a
suitable diagram.

(4 marks)

(d) Concrete is the basic material in civil engineering which consist of of

aggregate, sand, cement and water. When concrete is combined with the use
of reinforcement, it will produce the reinforcement concrete structure. Many
of civil engineering structure used this reinforcement concrete to construct the
building, bridge and also for the road. Based on this concrete and
reinforcement concrete material, discuss in detail TWO (2) types of rigid
pavement which is available and typically been used constructed in the road
industry.

(4 marks)

(e) A new flexible pavement is designed to carried the Equivalent Single Axle
Load (ESAL) as 3 x 106, constructed on subgrade with the California Bearing
Ratio (CBR) as 6%. The quality of drainage for surface layer is good, base
layer is fair while subbase layer is fairly poor. If the pavement exposed to
moisture at 30% of time, using to the American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design method, calculate the design
thickness of the road pavement layer. The informations required have been
identified and listed as follows:

Resilient modulus of asphalt concrete, MR1 is 500,000 psi.

The Initial Present Serviceability Index, PSI i is 4.5.
Terminal Present Serviceability Index, PSIt is 2.5.
CBR of crushed stone is 95%.
CBR of gravel subbase is 25%.
The reliability, R of the design is 95%.
The standard deviation value, S0 is 0.35.

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Refer to Table 2(e)(i) and Figure Q2(e)(i) to Figure Q2(e)(v) when

answering this question.

(7 marks)

- END OF QUESTIONS –

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TEST

SEMESTER/SESSION : 1 / 2021/2022 PROGRAMME : BFF

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Figure Q1(a)(ii): Road in front of UTHM

Table Q1(c): Results of specific gravity testing

Parameter Sample 1 Sample 2

Weight of aggregate, g 1217.6 1220.5

Weight of aggregate + container + water, g 2428.1 2434.7
Weight of container + water, g 1673.9 1673.9
Weight of dry aggregate, g 1214.3 1217.2

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CONFIDENTIAL BFC 31802

TEST

SEMESTER/SESSION : 1 / 2021/2022 PROGRAMME : BFF

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Table Q1(d): Penetration data

Penetration value (mm) Div. Load (kN)

0.00 0
0.25 3
0.50 5
0.75 9
1.00 12
1.25 15
1.50 18
1.75 20
2.00 22
2.25 30
2.50 36
2.75 45
3.00 50
3.25 56
3.50 67
3.75 72
4.00 78
4.25 88
4.50 103
4.75 116
5.00 120
5.25 134
5.50 142
5.75 154
6.00 170
6.25 186
6.50 197
6.75 210
7.00 220
7.25 244
7.50 270

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TEST

SEMESTER/SESSION : 1 / 2021/2022 PROGRAMME : BFF

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Appendix A: Flexible Pavement Design Tables and Figures

Figure Q2(e)(i): Correlation chart for estimating resilient modulus of subgrade of soils

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CONFIDENTIAL BFC 31802

TEST

SEMESTER/SESSION : 1 / 2021/2022 PROGRAMME : BFF

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Figure Q2(e)(ii): Variation in granular base layer coefficient (a2) with various base parameters.

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CONFIDENTIAL BFC 31802

TEST

SEMESTER/SESSION : 1 / 2021/2022 PROGRAMME : BFF

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Figure Q2(e)(iii): Variation in granular subbase layer coefficient (a3) with various strength
parameter.

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Figure Q2(e)(iv): AASHTO design chart for flexible pavements based on using mean values for each input.

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CONFIDENTIAL BFC 31802

TEST

SEMESTER/SESSION : 1 / 2021/2022 PROGRAMME : BFF

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Figure Q2(e)(v): Chart for estimating structural layer coefficient of dense graded asphalt
concrete based on the elastic (resilient) modulus

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TEST

SEMESTER/SESSION : 1 / 2021/2022 PROGRAMME : BFF

COURSE NAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Table Q2(e)(i): Recommended mi values for modifying structural layer coefficients of

untreated base and subbase materials in flexible pavements

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