‫ ‪− 2015     −‬‬ ‫ ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪;</ =48‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫(@ (* ™  ‪F " ,  O0 E +Z‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ (‪1 s  #‬‬ ‫‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪'v‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤؤﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪:‬‬
‫<‪: +‬‬
‫ﻉ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪s A• ^_ FR   S` WW` !  U#R    GZ . " \   M#G$‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪| + Y+k( ½@ As Xk " -, ™ X "*,Ä WW` 1 s :@ M Q:P.‬‬
‫‪2015‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪"{=5Z ,    #0  | + h+WZ  Xk "*,5 1  ( G+V.    6  P‬‬
‫‪130 - 137‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪W*  ,. 1 s( /“ N  V  ;$X +  jk BPR "*,5 1 s F.‬‬
‫‪1023930‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪:MD‬‬
‫&&&‪&HZ kHc‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻯ‪:‬‬
‫‪$ ^_ K¢ F+     GZ . "Yj H$ . M = G D4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪N  DG+-. -3 :‬‬
‫‪Arabic‬‬
‫‪d 4 @ ,GZ . U@ M  @ ¦ ^_ h = IslamicInfo‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪‹!  M Is \:‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‪X P  1‬‬
‫@‬
‫‪,U P$ % M    GZ . = B :@ x= /l M n( U]P  s n!R }! ”( 4‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪: n+WW n+2,  ”( j  EXk $• M#G$‬‬
‫‪http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1023930‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪&   A’ . D L  n,   G{ : %‬‬
‫ ’‪P #. V Fk wj  " !+=( ," ,  XPR w’ E@ wj   {+W :,‬‬
‫(‪&h@ A@ S7 UZ w2=_ ,   n( )V(  3` n( e>  Xk "Z w W 6=>  ‹P‬‬
‫ ‪1 @ yv U#( ´ +W − 2011  +W − H` €?.  +W  " h3 ™u %‬‬
‫@‪M   ƒ!  O0 @  = GZ„  As '~! $2( MGjR F+  P  6$‬‬
‫ ‪ I B_ V |+*$ 7_ ,40 ^_ 19 \ 0P  \{ M 6$s 1 s EXˆ  +W‬‬
‫‪M ™ 7 "*,5 1 @  I DW R 6*W©. As   ŠWR LG$ $ +W‬‬
‫© ‪ 2024‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‪.‬‬
‫{\ <* ‪&   GZ . = B‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ( ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪? +W ( 1 s EXk ^_ 'u5 FP#$ Uk ®2. \©*  M#‬‬

‫‪130‬‬
 ‫ ‪− 2015     −‬‬ ‫ ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ‬

‫‪;</ =48‬‬
‫(@ (* ™  ‪F " ,  O0 E +Z‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ (‪1 s  #‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪'v‬‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ ‪APA‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﻝ‪ .(2015) .‬ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻉ‪ .137 - 130 ،2‬ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫<‪: +‬‬
‫‪http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1023930‬‬
‫‪s A• ^_ FR   S` WW` !  U#R    GZ . " \   M#G$‬‬
‫ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ ‪MLA‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﻝ‪" .‬ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪".‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫‪| + Y+k( ½@ As Xk " -, ™ X "*,Ä WW` 1 s :@ M Q:P.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔﻉ‪ .137 - 130 :(2015) 2‬ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫|  ‪"{=5Z ,    #0‬‬ ‫ ‪+ h+WZ  Xk "*,5 1  ( G+V.    6  P‬‬
‫‪http://search.mandumah.com/Record/1023930‬‬
‫ ‪W*  ,. 1 s( /“ N  V  ;$X +  jk BPR "*,5 1 s F.‬‬
‫&&&‪&HZ kHc‬‬
‫‪$ ^_ K¢ F+     GZ . "Yj H$ . M = G D4 N  DG+-. -3‬‬
‫@ ‪d 4 @ ,GZ . U@ M  @ ¦ ^_ h = ‹!  M Is \ X P  1‬‬
‫‪,U P$ % M    GZ . = B :@ x= /l M n( U]P  s n!R }! ”( 4‬‬
‫‪: n+WW n+2,  ”( j  EXk $• M#G$‬‬
‫ ‪&   A’ . D L  n,   G{ : %‬‬
‫ ’‪P #. V Fk wj  " !+=( ," ,  XPR w’ E@ wj   {+W :,‬‬
‫(‪&h@ A@ S7 UZ w2=_ ,   n( )V(  3` n( e>  Xk "Z w W 6=>  ‹P‬‬
‫ ‪1 @ yv U#( ´ +W − 2011  +W − H` €?.  +W  " h3 ™u %‬‬
‫@‪M   ƒ!  O0 @  = GZ„  As '~! $2( MGjR F+  P  6$‬‬
‫ ‪ I B_ V |+*$ 7_ ,40 ^_ 19 \ 0P  \{ M 6$s 1 s EXˆ  +W‬‬
‫‪M ™ 7 "*,5 1 @  I DW R 6*W©. As   ŠWR LG$ $ +W‬‬
‫© ‪ 2024‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‪.‬‬
‫{\ <* ‪&   GZ . = B‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ( ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪? +W ( 1 s EXk ^_ 'u5 FP#$ Uk ®2. \©*  M#‬‬

‫‪130‬‬
 − 2015     −   

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

;</ =48
F " ,  O0 E +Z  ™ *( @(
1 s  #(  
'v

: +<
s A• ^_ FR   S` WW` !  U#R    GZ . " \   M#G$
| + Y+k( ½@ As Xk " -, ™ X "*,Ä WW` 1 s :@ M Q:P.
"{=5Z ,    #0  | + h+WZ  Xk "*,5 1  ( G+V.    6  P 
W*  ,. 1 s( /“ N  V  ;$X +  jk BPR "*,5 1 s F. 
&HZ kHc&&&
$ ^_ K¢ F+     GZ . "Yj H$ . M = G D4 N  DG+-. -3
d 4 @ ,GZ . U@ M  @ ¦ ^_ h = ‹!  M Is \ X P  1 @
,U P$ % M    GZ . = B :@ x= /l M n( U]P  s n!R }! ”( 4
: n+WW n+2,  ”( j  EXk $• M#G$
&   A’ . D L  n,   G{ : % 
P #. V Fk wj  " !+=( ," ,  XPR w’ E@ wj   {+W :,’ 
&h@ A@ S7 UZ w2=_ ,   n( )V(  3` n( e>  Xk "Z w W 6=>  ‹P(
1 @ yv U#( ´ +W − 2011  +W − H` €?.  +W  " h3 ™u % 
M   ƒ!  O0 @  = GZ„  As '~! $2( MGjR F+  P  6$@
 I B_ V |+*$ 7_ ,40 ^_ 19 \ 0P  \{ M 6$s 1 s EXˆ  +W 
M ™ 7 "*,5 1 @  I DW R 6*W©. As   ŠWR LG$ $ +W
&   GZ . = B *< \{
? +W ( 1 s EXk ^_ 'u5 FP#$ Uk ®2. \©*  M#

130
 − 2015     −   

ƒ   !L ?    GZ G h( +$ v7 G, UŸ  @ GZ„ " \   M#G$ Uk

H GZ . EXk MGjR F+  $ +W  }!. )k  i+@ Q “ U!B ™ 7 FP ( " #W
1 s G* 6ZV+,% '$Œ k ƒ?.     GZ . = B =-, = x= U 
;!*( v5 !*, '$Œ M= ™k, >G+  S¤B wP+ q!@ \+= ;$X R M "*,5
& uP  (  W* 

, (  6YZ . kVR F+  6B“ UZ ƒ!W x= AG +( K B  Uv M

=  ! †    GZ .( A +$ Y3  +W  Yg wv M$! )k x= K B  d$zR
&°  ; 2.¯ 'wf  $B °\ ; 2¯

:(! +  :=O 56

 ,B O( %_ ( = % G$v % h, E  k $s3 ,=  ! M= $s =
@  0. k " ,  " #$ @ ,1 =  ! A3 jB GZ G( %_ ,_ %
&\ 3` EXg ,:. (   $R \ 3` )$-+

w _ Œ [ %" h, x= O$ E-, Ns €?.  +W  M 23 U0P  ^_ e v (
V = O$ F+  6wvÄ !L 6%s  %_ h+,_  h+ (+  OJu S x= ‹! 
&"" , 

; 2+$ @ ,~! U#( V VP   ( ”!R$ Sv>  \-.  =  ! " %_
:@ 62 *  U03 ," ,     '„ 6P] G( x +R " LG$   
&2L5 Xk  Sv>  ˜ $$+  2 *  CŸ N+ ( ,"*,5 1 @

‡+$ Uk , +W  M ÆW U#( 'G+*. =  e 4  L_  ®2. \©* 

A   XP+   @ " ™ 7 %  !L ? ƒ  $• )$-+   x= =  ! VP
&hZ• F+  ®  F= 4 . " , CŸ  @. EXk " !+=( † Z Fv5

/“ " ,   E +Z  'Vu U @L ,$ ! *  6(   XPR  =  ,pV P2 − 1
&115 / ,2005, 9( ( B  Z   !2,
 !2 ,/“ " ,   E +Z  'Vu U @L,Sv>  ˜ $$+  2 *  ,F$# q$_ − 2
&97 / ,2009 ,^`  !2  ,œP( ¥ != M( G„  v

131
 − 2015     −   

" !+=(  =  ! VP. B Z P$ R   F " ,  wV3 " 3
" , @{  \ 3` x= %_ OJu ƒ= Œ [ % " ,B x= w( %_ ( = % G$v %
( = DB R Œ [ % ,g#R dB ' d,Z F+  ™ R M u (  ( % V = O$ SX 
&3" ,  h = O$ . |  ƒ Wz( kXPR  ,, ,B ™ X   Hc ok M g A2  
, ,B / 0( c £ -, F \-.  (?. , ,  ,W:  ^_ e v !3
 +W \{ M ] 0    GZ . 6,Y4 x= 0$s \  K0  ƒ?. U <
" %_ ,E (  M #( ²  MGj$ h < 1 @ 6$@ /Ju` C SX  2011
'H!#  6? I, 6%#u_ '= A DB  Q x= V!2R 6,Yj  EXk U$>R
" ,  P  x= w>v ;RR = D ] 0 ,Fv5 " ,   +* x= ' v .
6 !’ )c )V+. ®T 1{L_ @ ^_ U0R B F+  , *#W -,` \  ‹ !Z - Fv5
&,2$(  \s k YZ $2*. 6wv5 M wv_  U#u 1  @  h+,_
 +* 2 W 2011  +W Ef+= 3 ,   GZ . A + ŒVv )k wj  !+=(
M L_     GZ . A• Uv M ( 2. v wj ( iBH ,” *  FB( M=
% " ,  A!2+( %_ #@` 'jB > $ % "h, x=  +W  M110 U0P  O, @ ,= 
2 * x=` q -. FGl " , \  A!2+  œW x= %_ 'j  #@ 0R
&wj   {+W j 
˜  F R = wj  x= 4 . $j   U+  D x=  +W  O$ YZ
&6Y R  6L ?4   S £z(
1 @ $Y ( >  \ @` UZ  ˜  i!$  +W  M 117 U0P  ;*@
&" ,  A!2R Fj  )V )¢$@ 6=Y /Ju`
OJ +R £ -, 'j 2011  +W V  F+  6!*+#.( M G+  \{ M 7_
: † n+WW n+2 *(
&6!’5 UW $R  F ˜  2 W 
&ƒ  $R  F ˜  2 W 

www.marocdroit.com : :# % DB .(   \ ,   GZ G S +W  U]z+  ,F!2  G„ − 3

132
 − 2015     −   

 k q  , 2  W $$R 2 W ˜  \  6!’5 UW  +* x 3

d  F+  2 *  !+= M#G$ N+ ( ,4v A4 12, 6%@  %_ UW  EXg E$
i!R @ - DB  Q x=  ( A• Ž +   {+W% " )c − M$@ 7 |W wj
&QB UZ HG4 ;*@ V• = M    A•
UW V–_  '!. )#s  A +     (   +* x= w W ˜  !3
U( ,R!’  W Sz( X` x= ‡+$ % 6!’5 $@ ! " ™ 7 ,s ^_ $©. 6!’5
\{?+W \+@% x= 6G+= ,= Hc $2( d,Z 6!’_  W UZ  !+W  ;[
2(j  ‚„ ] 0 ,V=>+,  !v5 x= 6G+=  $2*. 6wv5 6?’
U#( )k*+W , ,  =  V3 d:@ 'H` EXk " ™ 7 ,wj > . j 
EXk 3 ,' u  S5 *P  +,( )v:. DB  M# ,j  6*({ |Z  yv
&V3 Q:P. 6!’5 ' B   ‚ .
 '*. ," ,  'W N+ ( =. ! M= $ i  % h, Z©. MG3
WW ! k( f+ R F+   w*. ƒc , 7 P  \{?+W ( * . +, U–  h#@
&2011  +W EB
d – €?.  +W   V = / 0. 6$s 1 s M H#  " \   M#G$
4Pj3 "  U!R 6! ( d 4 £` ,yG   +*. x= )v:R Ž ,SI  L5 *!@
UG  Uv M , d >,Ê  7_ ˆ Q +R F+  6ZV+,% ^_ 345( > _ ' B S M 
:  UG+R WW 6,Y4 H3 R ;[   ] {$>R n,   EXk U$>R x= 
F.  "{=5  V = / 0. WW` }!. M Fk " ,   '*. 
&5"*,5 1 s
ŠWR A$L M= ™ 7 ,  ( DG+-.  's )IR , ,B qW D4 x= /s 
M= "*,Ä WW` 6$s 1 s "Yj( ,” *  n( "Œ +  B ,LG$  = B
&6%-. | +J. GI. n,   A$L

&6*  ‚„ j  2(j  ‚„ Fk kY+=( ,˜ > . 6!’5 UW !* ( − 4
)k ," ,   w W   œ " " V3 wv F+  "*,5 1 s F.  "{=5 M  (*  '. − 5
&">Ÿ Y, " ,  $Y ( D+G+  A@  "*+$

133
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   A• M=  ©*. $!   . V† ,n,   A!2+(  P#  UW  [_ 
&)VR= x= ' .  ©*.( $v $ #R V$ #R

^_ " #*   @ M U+R @ ,DB  Q x=  3 g UG  n,   :@ 

D x= A!2+3 ,+,( g UG   V 2 R )+$ % , #u / 0,  " #R {3 Zs  @
&w+W " g+. 6%s

:l! :b +  :[ ! 56

GZ . "Yj €?. " ,   +W  kB F+  }!. )k M 'wf  $B ! f+ $
'. \{ M ™ XZ ,2011  +W M 23 '.  h = O0+  \{ M ™ 7 ,  
& '2*. " ,B M ^`

hj+R  >+ ( V R M   +. # G. HRW  wv . *$#R !. Xk wv B
&  V = K + Fk YZ "*,5 1  ( !R ,6!v 1 @ }! M    A’ .

,5 Z©$ FjB )# ( %_ hRw( O+R % ,o$( UI$ o$(  $ "*,5 " U]`3
2 W KL M ™ % e$ % SX  ¨  U   B_ ;v +*$ Xk ,Fv_ U P(
& w=%

SVG+   ! ( w+(  G=  6wv5 x= ~! œ# , 'wf  $B !.

& GZ .  @ ^_ % ]

: k !. Xk 6W# , O Y3 E= |B +  ;[  )k M

:] _? J   ! " (! ˜ −1

 =  ™$• A@ " ,  V  ,  N+ (   A     (  !+=!3

'Z`  ` )R " V = ,)V+G ;*,  x= U   B_ > +*$ Xk ,¢~!  G 
x= ‡+$ %   (  ;v "a3 h = ,F U P h(#R  ™ ,# eR % F+ 
 3$ Xk 'wf (  ,5( d,Z w W s |Z '‚ ^_  +$ U( ,”3 )V+. ,_
\{ M h= (v5 \ W  Xk ? 'wf  $B U–  hRw( 6!’a( >  )V+. Uk \«*+
&'wf  $B !.   œ# ,%

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A@ h G$ Xk ,'wf  k "*,5  U]` "   hRw( 6!’a( >  Hc )V+. "_
)V+. F U P 'j   $ " h@ MG3 ,E4   63 R 7_  ,! *  |B . 7
&h(
EXk 6wv_ , = GZ„ "Y4  )V+. A@ hŒ{$ wj     =  D33
h Œ [ % F ˜  " ™ 7 ,h= M 'wf  ! :@ @ R F+  Fk  = 
M= e3   hR #W  , oW M h _ hv  x= (v5 M= { h=+ -G( )V+. 'X©
&h*P,
x= C!0 wj  KL M 6!’5 z! ; B k C!] h, ‘@{$  |WÁ h, %_
 / 0“( E-,  Xk ,k P 'wf  $B  ! "3 N+ ( hRw( 6!’_ )V+.
KL M $u  " #R  ! c @ ,N   0  x= 6J.  <%Z ,GI. G$
y]` U P ;#R. OJ ( h+3  ”3 h!,7 " #$ B OJu \+= ;!W Fk ¦ n–
! "3 x-+$ N+ ( hRw( d!$ " ^_ , k )V+. C!0$ h = GV+  6 !’ " ,U+ 3
& 2B P0( 6B“ EXk M  U+$ " e. x= ™ X ,h+> _ hR  'wf  U]
A$L M=  GZ @ M$X $ j$ R CG (123) '. \{ M 2011 +W wv B
Uk h*P, QP$ SX  \©*  Uj$ ,1 x= f@  '. EXk i!R =*  s ,z2“
U+  e. x= ;[ h,  6Z7 F+  6B“ U e −V!2R )R "_ – '. EXk FP#R
&;W. ƒ  N+ (  ©*. V!#R UG  ™ XZ
 !  ;-+ FL+@% \+=% ^_ "©- $  ! c A +  'jB   ( 3
f+=  '2*. " ,B M 159 '. " )c ,E j@ "Yj $v M h( h!+. +W
  0  '´   @  %_ h _ w -  M#G$ % ,+W H(R FL+@% \+=%
& j 3Z 6,Y4 x= h( h!+. 3 R =  @  ,q! +  6%@
,$( )V+. kŒ+[ F+  U@. | +  ®2R 'wf  $B " \   M#G$  G=
)k ®L \@zW ,GZ G % ] A +  wjB   ( (  ,j  2(j (
:  @ UZ  k 3 M 'wf  ! ›PR B F+  6%#u5

135
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# (m o<! 6" o! l! :b +  −

2(j €?. e. W A +  wjB 6(,_ ,  (   XPR L_ 
 ` D A$L M= v5 \ 3` e B M A +  GV −¢, # | +JG( – j 
 !  "[ 6$#  6$u  j  L  9!4 i +$ @ V!#R M=  ! 
Z  @. EXk U [  ,D$+   V = / 0. 6,Yj  M 6= G D  !L ,SVG+ 
&'wf  $B D ]

" j  2(j Al %  @. EXk  h, %_ h!#R x= F U P  6 !’ )c

" %_ , jB  ku S ^_ DG+*R B YZ h _ DG+*R " ;[ U( " h, œW x= h  R
V3 ‘@{$ ,j  2(j  KL M >-$ SX  SVG+   !   @  ¾ . DB 
− w4 KL M '] 6Vu ;*@ ™ 7 − ¢]0+ @ 'H` EXk Œ<
L  9!4 \Y=` ] !B $ ƒc  ™ 7 ," ,   ' . 6 # VB
(   2(j  EXk ‚„  ;+Z  OJ  #$ "@` M HZ  h, @ j 
A$L M= e>+, h,  C ] Hc ‚ .  ;+Z  " - ( )#s  A +  wjB   
 0  M h œW % h3 ;+Z  " d!$ " ;[ SX  ´ . - ( , )V+. C!03 '  
& @. EXk  U P$ % E 3 M ›P$ 'wf  $B ! "a3 N+ (

:l o<!  l! :b +  −}

U@ | + ^_ j  2(j   E!+u%  @ M OJ  'wf  $B Œ{R
 @ \{    (   'wf  $B ! U PR  #u_ '’_ > "Z ™ X h+GZ„
&¢v | +JG( GZ .

: ! " (! −

h = ,  (  AR= x= D$ 6!’5 w;= " 'wf  ,B ! A3   '= 
OJ  Dj @ q# RÎ  ! c '=  EXk " %_,h+,_ d!R " ^_ o$( OJ  f+ $
,$I  Ws d• D4  U!B M ,q#  d!$ "_ ^_ , h < 6wv5 )V+.
  (  "a3 N+ ( ,V = 3 +$ F+  3#  , ,  6,Yj  )c ,FL+@% \+=%
&)V+. x= 6!’5 w;= ; + $2*. 6wv5 U?+*R

136
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:TSC l ob −

D "  +$ )#s 'jB "a3 ,j  2(j  ‚„ |   6!’_   +W 
&hRw( d!$ " h = )V+ h, G# .  UG$ SX  nj 

x= Y+=   / 0“( +(% )Z . M= '0  #@` ; c -, @

Ã+$ SX  wª  q#  d!$ " ^_ h( A’ $ £ Gj " !+=( ,‚ .( '  6l‡+ 
&   GZ . N+ ( 'wf  $B ! D

d!R " ^_ o$( )V+. f+ $ @ G$ 6!’a( ’ L!R ”!RR 'wf  $3 "7_
  6!’_ UW )$+( %_ ,5 A +R % @, !. Xˆ $2*. 6B“ UZ )c h+,_
 hRwf( )V+G y P  Fs K:=% " #$ @, VPu   = G# . KL M ²BR
&GZ . $£

wv / 0“( 2011 W  +W = (?. HRW  " ^_ O J, " M#G$ h =
w+W( h, \   M#G$,h+Z h+$@ "*,Ä ‘P• F+  6,Yj  M ,W:( = G-G(
1 s WW` 6,Yj  A• x= /l :l h, -,  +W  Xk }! nj
'f  U( , ' / 0 ( d* 'f  M# &    GZ . 6,Y4 N+ ( "*,5
P  x= w> ;RR V i?+!. A + ®  V  / 0  EXˆ q *  U$>+ (
&' / 0  „ k!+=( $2*. 6wv5

137

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