Bhasha Shitiz - Part 2

Hkk"kk
f{kfrt
ikB~;iqLrd dk laiw.kZ gy
Hkkx & 2
Hkk"kk f{kfrt & 2
1. vc vk¡[ksa [kksyks (ikB~;iqLrd ist 5)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
v fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
1- cPps dks vk¡[k [kksy ysus dks dkSu dg jgk gS\
mRrj% cPps dks vk¡[k [kksy ysus osQ fy, mldh ek¡ dg jgh gSA
2- HkkSajs dgk¡ >wy jgs gSa\
mRrj% HkkSajs deyµny osQ Åij >wy jgs gSaA
3- fpfM+;k¡ dgk¡ pgdus yxh gSa\
mRrj% fpfM+;k¡ isM+ksa ij pgdus yxh gaSA
4- losjk gksus ij /jrh vkSj vkdk'k oSQls yxus yxs\
mRrj% losjk gksus ij /jrh dh Nfo vfr lqanj yxus yxh gS vkSj vkdk'k esa eu
dks vkdf"kZr djus okyh ykyh Nk xbZ gSA
5- ty esa lwjt dh fdl jax dh Nk;k iM+ jgh gS\
mRrj% ty esa lwjt dh lqugjh Nk;k iM+ jgh gSA
v dfork dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks iwjk dhft,µ
1- mBks yky vc vk¡[kas [kksyks]
ikuh ykbZ g¡w ] eq¡g /ks yksA
2- fpfM+ ;k¡ pgd mBha isM+ksa ij]
cgus yxh gok vfr lqanjA
3- Hkksj gqvk lwjt mx vk;k]
ty esa iM+h lqugjh Nk;kA
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ
ikuh µ gesa izfrfnu i;kZIr ek=kk esa ikuh ihuk pkfg,A
lqanj µ cfx;k esa lqanj iwQy f[kys gSaA
Nfo µ ikuh esa eq>s viuh gh Nfo fn[kkbZ nhA
lqugjh µ lwjt dh fdj.ksa lqugjh izdk'k ns jgh FkhaA
le; µ gesa lHkh dk;Z le; ij djus pkfg,A
gksjkbtu çsl 19 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls feyrs&tqyrs rhu&rhu 'kCn vius eu ls lkspdj
fyf[k,µ
yky µ cky] rky] ekyA
iwQy µ >wy] /wy] 'kwyA
Nk;k µ ek;k] vk;k] yk;kA
er µ [kr] Nr] yrA
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks lqanj ys[k esa fyf[k,µ
fpfM+ ;k¡ lqanj lwjt I;kjs
mRrj % (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksaA)
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ¶mBks yky] vc vk¡[ksa [kksyks¸
¶uHk esa U;kjh ykyh NkbZ¸
dfork dh mijksDr iafDr;ksa esa yky rFkk ykyh osQ vFkZ fHkUuµfHkUu gSaA ^yky* dk
vFkZ gS csVk] tcfd ^ykyh* dk rkRi;Z yky jax ls gSA ,sls 'kCnksa dks ftuosQ ,d ls
vf/d vFkZ gksa] vusdkFkhZ 'kCn dgrs gSaA fuEufyf[kr vusdkFkhZ 'kCnksa osQ nks vFkks±
dks le>dj okD; cukb, µ
1- gkj µ (ekyk) usrk th dks iwQyksa dk gkj iguk;k x;kA
(ijkt;) gekjh Vhe dh gkWdh osQ eSp esa gkj gks xbZA
2- ty µ (tyuk) xeZ ikuh fxjus ls uhrk dk gkFk ty x;k
(ikuh) eNyh ty dh jkuh gSA
3- dy µ (chrk gqvk) dy eSa cktkj x;k FkkA
(vkusokyk) eSa dy esjB tkÅ¡xkA
n vfHkO;fDr
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls fn, x, fp=k dk o.kZu dhft,µ
(fp=k ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)
ukprk] eksj] i{kh] ia[k] pksap] lqanjA
;g eksj gSA ;g ,d lqanj i{kh gSA eksj dh pksap yach rFkk uqdhyh gksrh gSA eksj osQ
ia[k cM+ s lqanj gksrs gSaA eksj osQ flj ij dyxh gksrh gSA o"kkZ ½rq esa eksj vius ia[k
iSQykdj ukprk gSA ;g gekjk jk"Vªh; i{kh gSA

2. çse dh ij[k (ikB~;iqLrd ist 9)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- Jhjke osQ ou vkus dh ckr lqudj 'kcjh dks oSQlk yxk\
mRrj% Jhjke osQ ou vkus dh ckr lqudj 'kcjh iwQyh u lekbZA
2- Jhjke osQ Lokxr osQ fy, 'kcjh us D;kµD;k rS;kfj;k¡ dha\
mRrj% Jhjke osQ Lokxr osQ fy, 'kcjh oqQfV;k ls ysdj lM+ d rd dk ekxZ izfrfnu
>kM+rhµcqgkjrh vkSj Jhjke dks f[kykus osQ fy, csj bdV~Bs djrhA
3- 'kcjh us lHkh csj twBs D;ksa dj fn, Fks\
mRrj% 'kcjh us lHkh csj blfy, twBs dj fn, D;ksafd og Jhjke dks ehBs csj
f[kykuk pkgrh FkhA
4- Jhjke us y{e.k dks D;k le>k;k\
mRrj% Jhjke us y{e.k dks le>k;k fd izse ls cM+k oqQN ugha gSA gesa izse djus
okys dh Hkkoukvksa dk vknj djuk pkfg,A
5- vkiosQ fopkj ls 'kcjh oSQlh efgyk Fkh\
mRrj% 'kcjh cgqr Hkksyh o Hkyh efgyk FkhA
v lgh 'kCn Nk¡Vdj [kkyh txg Hkfj,µ
ij[k] vknj] fu/Zu] ilan] iz'kalk
1- 'kcjh ,d fu/Zu L=kh FkhA
2- y{e.k dks 'kcjh osQ csj ilan ugha vk,A
3- gesa izseHkko dh ij[k gksuh pkfg,A
4- izse djus okys oQh Hkkoukvksa dk vknj djuk pkfg,A
5- Jhjke us 'kcjh osQ izse dh cgqr iz'kalk dhA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v lef>, vkSj fyf[k,µ
jke vkSj y{e.k µ jke&y{e.k
/uq"k vkSj ck.k µ /uq"k&ck.k
xq# vkSj f'k"; µ xq#&f'k";
HkkbZ vkSj cgu µ HkkbZ&cgu
Åij vkSj uhps µ Åij&uhps
ifr vkSj iRuh µ ifr&iRuh

fu/Zu Jhjkepanz bdêkò cqgkjrh fBdkuk
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksa)
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
tks 'kCn laKk dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa] mUgsa fo'ks"k.k dgk tkrk gSA tSlsµ ehBs csj] [kês ð
vaxwj vkfnA ;gk¡ êhBs* rFkk ^ [kês*ð 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gSa tks Øe'k% csj rFkk vaxwj dh
fo'ks"krk crk jgs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr laKk 'kCnksa ls igys ,d&,d fo'ks"k.k fyf[k,µ
dkys ckny NksVh fpfM+ ;k dkyk oqQRrk
frjNh Vksih eksVh iqLrd Å¡ph nhokj
vPNh [kq'kcw yack isM+ uhph oqQlhZ
v js[kkafdr 'kCnksa dks cgqopu cukdj okD; fiQj ls fyf[k,µ
1- isM+ osQ Åij fpfM+ ;k cSBh gSA isM+ osQ Åij fpfM+;k¡ cSBh gSaA
2- ou osQ isM+ ij tks csj yxs gSaA ou osQ isM+ksa ij tks csj yxs gSaA
3- lglk og iqu% fpark esa iM+ xbZA lglk og iqu% fparkvksa esa iM+ xbZA
4- jke us mUgsa b'kkjk fd;kA jke us mUgsa b'kkjs fd,A
n vfHkO;fDr
v ^Jhjke vkSj y{e.k* ij ik¡p okD; fyf[k,µ
mRrj% fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksaA uhps oqQN okD; lgk;rk osQ fy, fn, x, gSaA
1- Jhjke vkSj y{e.k jktk n'kjFk osQ iq=k FksA
2- nksukas Hkkb;ksa dk vkil esa cgqr izse FkkA
3- firk dh vkKk ls Jhjke o y{e.k pkSng o"kZ osQ fy, ou esa x,A
4- y{e.k Jhjke dh vkKk dk ikyu djrs FksA
5- nksukas us vkilh lg;ksx ls nq"V jko.k dk o/ fd;kA
3. lPpk ckyd (ikB~;iqLrd ist 14)

vH;kl
n IkkB Kku
1- igys ;k=kh cM+sµcM+s ny cukdj ;k=kk D;ksa djrs Fks\
mRrj% igys ;k=kh MkoqQvksa osQ Mj ls cM+ sµcM+s ny cukdj ;k=kk djrs FksA

2-ckyd dh mez fdruh Fkh\
mRrj%ckyd dh mez ckjgµrsjg o"kZ dh FkhA
3-MkoqQvksa dks fdlus crk;k fd ckyd osQ ikl pkyhl v'kjfiQ;k¡ gSa\
mRrj%MkoqQvksa dks ckyd us Lo;a crk;k fd mlosQ ikl pkyhl v'kjfiQ;k¡ gSaA
4-ckyd dks v'kjfiQ;k¡ j[kus dk <ax fdlus crk;k Fkk\
mRrj%ckyd dks v'kjfiQ;k¡ j[kus dk <ax mldh ek¡ us crk;k FkkA
5-ckyd dh lPpkbZ dk MkoqQvksa ij D;k izHkko iM+k\
mRrj%ckyd dh lPPkkbZ dk MkoqQvksa ij cM+ k izHkko iM+ k vkSj mUgksaus r; dj
fy;k fd og thou esa dHkh ywVekj ugha djsaxsA
1- igys yksxksa dks ;k=kk djus esa cM+ h dfBukbZ gksrh FkhA (dfBukbZ@vklkuh)
2- ;kf=k;ksa dk dkfiQyk cxnkn dh vksj tk jgk FkkA (rsgjku@cxnkn)
3- ckyd dh v'kjfiQ;k¡ lnjh esa FkhaA (deht@lnjh)
4- ckyd dh ckr lqudj MkowQ nax jg x,A (nax@cSBs)
5- ckyd dh lPpkbZ dk MkoqQvksa ij cM+k izHkko iM+kA (bZekunkjh@lPpkbZ)
v lgh dFku osQ lkeus (3) vkSj xyr dFku osQ lkeus (7) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
1- cgqr igys vPNh lM+osaQ ugha FkhaA
3
2- ;kf=k;ksa osQ ny dks dkfiQyk dgrs FksA
3
3- ckyd osQ ikl pkyhl v'kjfiQ;k¡ FkhaA
3
4- v'kjfiQ;k¡ ckyd dh lnjh dh tsc esa FkhaA
7
5- MkoqQvksa us r; dj fy;k fd os dHkh ywVekj ugha djsaxsA 3
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v mnkgj.k lef>,µ
=k ¾ r~ $ j µ i=k] ;k=kk] f=k'kwy
,sls vU; o.kZ ;qXeksa ls rhuµrhu 'kCn cukb,µ
Lr ¾ l~ $ r µ vLrj] vLr] ijkLrA
iz ¾ i $ j~ µ izHkko] iz;ksx] iz;RuA
êð ¾ V~ $ V µ iêhð] feêhð ] [kêhð A
Dd ¾ d~ $ d µ VDdj] pDdj] 'kDdjA
} ¾ n~ $ o µ }kj] fo}ku] }kfjdkA
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks lgh djosQ fyf[k,µ
lokfj;k µ lokfj;k¡ v'kZfiQ;k µ v'kjfiQ;k¡

gr;k µ gR;k fo"kokl µ fo'okl
dfBukb µ dfBukbZ ijHkko µ izHkko
dfBukbZ ;kf=k;ksa fo'okl lPpkbZ gSjku
mRrj % (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksaA)
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh dk;Z osQ djus ;k gksus dk cks/ gksrk gS] os fØ;k&'kCn dgykrs
gSaA tSlsµ cksyuk] pyuk] ukpuk vkfnA
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fØ;k&'kCnksa dks js [kkafdr dhft,µ
1- MkowQ ;kf=k;ksa dks ywVrs FksA
2- dkfiQyk cxnkn tk jgk FkkA
3- ckyd pqipki [kM+k FkkA
4- ek¡ us bUgsa lnjh esa lh fn;k FkkA
5- ckyd lp cksy jgk FkkA
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ cgqopu fyf[k,µ
v'kjiQh µ v'kjfiQ;k¡ lokjh µ lokfj;k¡
yM+ dh µ yM+fd;k¡ frryh µ frrfy;k¡
ddM+ h µ ddfM+;k¡ f[kM+ dh µ f[kM+fd;k¡
jkuh µ jkfu;k¡ dgkuh µ dgkfu;k¡
MkYkh µ Mkfy;k¡ cdjh µ cdfj;k¡
jksVh µ jksfV;k¡ xkM+ h µ xkfM+ ;k¡
n vfHkO;fDr
v jsfxLrku osQ tgkt ^Å¡V* dh ik¡p fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,µ
1- Å¡V dks ^jsfxLrku dk tgkt* dgk tkrk gSA
2- ;s xeZ jsr esa Hkh rsth ls nkSM+rk gSA
3- ;g dbZ fnuksa rd fcuk ikuh osQ jg ldrk gSA
4- jsfxLrku esa yksx bls lokjh osQ fy, iz;ksx esa ykrs gSaA
5- blosQ vanj ikuh dh FkSyh gksrh gSA
v fn, x, fp=k esa viuh ilan osQ jax Hkfj,µ (fp=k ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)
mRrj % (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a jax HkjsaA)

4. ,sls Fks ckiw (ikB~;iqLrd ist 19)
vH;kl
n IkkB Kku
1- xk¡/hth dks yksx I;kj ls D;k dgrs Fks\
mRrj% xk¡/hth dks yksx I;kj ls ckiw dgrs FksA
2- cqf<+;k dks dkSu&lk jksx Fkk\
mRrj% cqf<+;k dks oqQ"B jksx FkkA
3- xk¡/hth us vius lkfFk;ksa ls D;k dgk\
mRrj% xk¡/hth us vius lkfFk;ksa ls dgkµ¶D;k ;gh vki yksxksa dk ekuo&izse gS\
;fn vki ek¡ osQ leku bl cqf<+;k ls nwj cSBuk pkgrs gaS rks fiQj vkidk
ekuo&izse >wBk gSA bl rjg vki esjs lPps lkFkh ugha gks ldrsA¸
4- xk¡/hth lcls D;k dgrs Fks\
mRrj% xk¡/hth lcls ;g dgrs Fks fdµ¶dHkh yM+kbZ&>xM+k er djksA vkil esa
izse ls jgksA¸
5- xk¡/hth viuk xq# fdls ekurs Fks\
mRrj% xk¡/hth osQ ikl canjksa dh rhu ewfrZ;k¡ Fkha] ftUgsa os viuk xq# ekurs FksA
chekjh] O;ogkj] lalkj] vknj] balku
1- xk¡/hth dks lalkj osQ lHkh euq";ksa ls izse FkkA
2- xk¡/hth vyx rjg osQ balku FksA
3- chekjh ij fdlh dk D;k o'k\
4- xk¡/hth dks vius lkfFk;ksa dk ;g O;ogkj vPNk ugha yxkA
5- yksx xk¡/hth dk vknj djrs FksA
v fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa osQ lkeus lR;@vlR; fyf[k,µ
1- xk¡/hth osQ fy, lHkh euq"; cjkcj FksA lR;
2- mudh n`f"V esa dksbZ Å¡pk Fkk vkSj dksbZ uhpkA vlR;
3- os fdlh Hkh euq"; ls ?k`.kk ugha djrs FksA lR;
4- xk¡/hth dHkh&dHkh lp cksyrs FksA vlR;
5- xk¡/hth xjhcksa dh lgk;rk djrs FksA lR;

n mPpkj.k ys[ku
n`f"V euq"; LVs'ku O;ogkj ewfrZ;k¡
mRrj % (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksa)
v xk¡/hth osQ rhu canj FksA mfpr 'kCn Hkjdj fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks iwjs
dhft, µ
1- dku ij gkFk j[kus okyk] cqjk ugha lquksA
2- vk¡[kksa ij gkFk j[kus okyk ] cqjk ugha ns[kksA
3- eq¡g ij gkFk j[kus okyk] cqjk ugha cksyksA
4- ;fn xk¡/hth dk ,d canj vkSj gksrk] rks og D;k djrk vkSj D;k u djrk\ lksfp,
vkSj fyf[k,A
mRrj% fo|kFkhZ Lo;a dYiuk djosQ fy[kasA
v ikB ls Nk¡Vdj ,sls rhu 'kCn fyf[k, ftuesaµ
1- vk/s ^"k* (") dk iz;ksx gks µ euq";] oqQ"B] n`f"VA
2- (½) dh ek=kk ( `) dk iz;ksx gks µ ?k`.kk] o`¼] n`f"VA
3- panzfcanq ( ¡) dk iz;ksx gks µ eq¡g] xk¡/hth] ewfrZ;k¡A
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
fdlh O;fDr] oLrq vFkok LFkku osQ uke dks laKk dgrs gSaA tSlsµ lksgu] dksydkrk]
est vkfnA
ikB esa ls Nk¡Vdj ik¡p laKk 'kCn fyf[k,µ
xk¡/hth canj cqf<+ ;k jsyxkM+h euq";
v vkdk'k] vkleku] xxu] vacj vkfn 'kCn ,d&gh vFkZ dks izdV djrs gSaA ,sls 'kCnksa
dks ,d nwljs dk i;kZ;okph dgk tkrk gSA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;k;Zokph fyf[k,µ
O;fDr µ izk.kh] ekuoA
lalkj µ tx] fo'oA
ek¡ µ tuuh] vackA
xq# µ vè;kid] f'k{kdA
n vfHkO;fDr
v egkRek xk¡/h dk fp=k ;gk¡ fpidkb,µ
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a ikB~;iqLrd esa fpidk,¡A)

5. ehBh cksyh (ikB~;iqLrd ist 24)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- dks;y fdl jax dh gksrh gS\
mRrj% dks;y dkys jax dh gksrh gSA
2- dkS, dk jax oSQlk gksrk gS\
mRrj% dkS, dk jax dkyk gksrk gSA
3- gesa dkS, ls T;knk dks;y vPNh yxrh gS] D;ksa\
mRrj% gesa dkS, ls T;knk dks;y blfy, vPNh yxrh gS D;ksafd mldh cksyh
ehBh gksrh gSA
4- lHkh dks oSQlh cksyh vPNh yxrh gS\
mRrj% lHkh dks ehBh cksyh vPNh yxrh gSA
5- D;k viuksa dh dM+oh cksyh gesa vPNs yxrh gS\
mRrj% viuksa dh dM+ oh cksyh gesa vPNh ugha yxrh gSA
1- :iµjax esa bu nksuksa osQ
varj cgqr ugha gksrk gSA
2- ij dkS, ls T;knk gedks
dks;y gh vPNh yxrh gSA
3- oQM+ oh cksyh viuksa gh dh
viuksa dks gh ugha lqgkrhA
v lgh esy feykb,µ
^v* ^c*
1- dkyk varj
2- dkyh dkSvk
3- cgqr cksyh
4- ehBh dks;y

n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v Hkkrh&lqgkrh feyrs tqyrs 'kCn gSaA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ feyrs tqyrs 'kCn vius eu ls lkspdj fyf[k,µ
tkvks µ vkvks D;kjh µ I;kjh
vanj µ canj ped µ ned
cLrk µ lLrk dPpk µ cPpk
xUuk µ iUuk tYnh µ gYnh
iRrk µ xRrk ugj µ ygj
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks lgh Øe esa yxkdj vFkZiw.kZ okD; cukb,µ
1- dkys gS gksrh jax dks;y dhA dks;y dkys jax dh gksrh gSA
2- dks;y xkrh xkuk ehBk gSA dks;y ehBk xkuk xkrh gSA
3- Hkkrh cksyh gS ehBh lcdksA lcdks ehBh cksyh Hkkrh gSA
4- gS dks ugha lqgkrh cksyh fdlh dM+ ohA dM+oh cksyh fdlh dks ugha lqgkrh gSA
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
leku vFkZ izdV djus okys 'kCnksa dks lekukFkhZ 'kCn dgrs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn dks"Bd ls Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ
(Hksn] vf/d] ok.kh] tkuoj] fpfM+;k] dVq)
dM+oh µ dVq i'kq µ tkuoj
cksyh µ ok.kh varj µ Hksn
T;knk µ vf/d i{kh µ fpfM+;k
v dfork esa ls Nk¡Vdj rhu laKk rFkk rhu fo'ks"k.k 'kCn fyf[k,µ
laKk µ dks;y] dkSvk] vknehA
fo'ks"k.k µ dkyh] ehBh] dM+ohA
n vfHkO;fDr
v dks;y dk fp=k cukdj mlesa jax Hkfj,µ
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a djasA)
6. prqj fl;kj (ikB~;iqLrd ist 28)

vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- tkuoj unh ij vkus ls D;ksa Mjrs Fks\

mRrj% tkuoj unh ij vkus ls blfy, Mjrs Fks D;ksafd unh esa jgusokyk exj ikuh
ihus osQ fy, vkusokys tkuojksa dks [kk tkrk FkkA
2- exj us fl;kj dh Vk¡x NksM+dj ydM+h D;ksa idM+ yh\
mRrj% fl;kj osQ ;g dgus ij fd ¶okg ekek] cgqr prqj curs gksA ydM+h dks gh
esjh Vk¡x le>dj idM+ fy;kA¸ exj us le>k fd mlls xyrh gks xbZ gSA
blfy, mlus fl;kj dh Vk¡x NksM+dj ydM+ h idM+ yhA
3- exj us fl;kj ls cnyk ysus osQ fy, D;k fd;k\
mRrj% exj fl;kj ls cnyk ysus osQ fy, /hjs&/hjs ljddj fl;kj dh xqiQk esa
igq¡pk vkSj ogha fNidj fl;kj dk bartkj djus yxkA
4- xqiQk osQ ikl fu'kku ns[kdj fl;kj dks D;k lansg gqvk\
mRrj% xqiQk osQ ikl fu'kku ns[kdj fl;kj dks ;g lansg gqvk fd mldh xqiQk esa
dksbZ tkuoj fNidj cSBk gqvk gSA
5- tc exj us fl;kj dks ¶vktk] csVk¸ dgdj vkokt nh] rks D;k gqvk\
mRrj% tc exj us fl;kj dks ¶vktk] csVk¸ dgdj vkokt yxkbZ rks fl;kj rqjar
exj dh vkokt igpku x;k vkSj ogk¡ ls pyk x;kA
bartkj] iqQrhZ] pkSdUuk] /ks[kk] fl;kj
1- fl;kj unh ij vk;k rks cM+k pkSdUuk FkkA
2- ,d ckj rks fl;kj cgqr ?kcjk x;kA
3- fl;kj iqQrhZ ls unh osQ ckgj vk x;kA
4- exj xqiQk esa fNidj fl;kj dk bartkj djus yxkA
5- fl;kj exj dks fiQj /ks[kk nsdj cp fudykA
pkSdUuk µ ;k=kk djrs le; gesa pkSdUuk jguk pkfg,A
xyrh µ iz'u gy djrs le; eq>ls xyrh gks xbZA
bartkj µ jkew cl dk ba rtkj djus yxkA
fu'kku µ mlosQ diM+ ksa ij dhpM+ osQ fu'kku FksA
vkokt µ jek us eq>s ckgj ls vkokt nhA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
pkSdUuk µ p $ kS $ d $ u~ $ u $ k
è;ku µ /~ $ ; $ k $ u

iqQrhZ µ iQ $ q $ j~ $ r $ h
fgEer µ g $ f $ e~ $ e $ r
v mfpr ek=kk,¡ yxkb,µ
xiQk µ xqiQk fu'ku µ fu'kku
tuoj µ tkuoj l;j µ fl;kj
iqQrk µ iqQrhZ prj µ prqj
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
tks 'kCn laKk osQ LFkku ij iz;qDr gksrs gSa] mUgsa loZuke dgrs gSaA tSlsµ dey fnYyh
x;k gS] og dy vk,xkA
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa loZuke dks js[kka fdr dhft,µ
1- og cgqr prqj FkkA
2- ikuh ihus ls igys mlus è;ku ls ns[kkA
3- exj mls ns[krk gh jg x;kA
4- ydM+h dks esjh Vk¡x le>dj idM+ fy;kA
5- vkt rw pqi D;ksa gS\
v ;kn jf[k,µ
myVs vFkZ dk cks/ djkusokys 'kCnksa dks foykse 'kCn dgrs gSaA tSlsµ eksVk&iryk]
yack&NksVk vkfnA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ
vkÅ¡xk µ tkÅ¡xk idM+uk µ NksM+uk
xyr µ lgh g¡luk µ jksuk
'kke µ lqcg vanj µ ckgj
n vfHkO;fDr
v uhps fn, x, fp=k esa viuh ilan osQ jax Hkfj,µ (fp=k ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[kas)
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a jax HkjsaA)
7. xq.k&voxq.k (ikB~;iqLrd ist 33)

vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- ykseM+h us Å¡V osQ ckjs esa D;k dgk\

mRrj % ykseM+ h us Å¡V osQ ckjs esa [kjxks'k ls dgk fd ¶rqeus bl owQcM+ okys Å¡V
dks Hkh cqyk j[kk gSA bldh efj;y Vk¡xsa vkSj igkM+ tSlk 'kjhj fdruk
vthc yxrk gS!¸
2- cqjk yxus ij Hkh Å¡V us oqQN D;ksa ugha dgk\
mRrj% cqjk yxus ij Hkh Å¡V us blfy, oqQN ugha dgk D;ksafd og cksydj [kq'kh
osQ volj dks u"V ugha djuk pkgrk FkkA
3- cRr[k dks ykseM+h us D;k lykg nh\
mRrj% cRr[k dks ykseM+ h us lykg nhµ¶fdrus cqjs iSj gaS rqEgkjs! ,d tksM+h twrs gh
[kjhn yks ftuesa ;s Nqi tk,¡A¸
4- lc tkuoj fdlosQ tUefnu ij bdêkò gq, Fks\
mRrj% lc tkuoj [kjxks'k osQ tUefnu ij bdêkò gq, FksA
5- canj dh dgh fdl ckr ij ykseM+h dks cgqr 'keZ vkbZ\
mRrj% canj us ykseM+h ls dgk fd ¶tkvks] igys ugk&/ksdj vkSj VwFkczq'k djosQ
vkvksA rqEgkjs eq¡g ls cgqr nqxZa/ vk jgh gSA¸ ykseM+h dks ;g lqudj cgqr
'keZ vkbZA
xqLlk] owQcM+ ] tUefnu] Hkík] 'keZ
1- [kjxks'k dk tUefnu FkkA
2- bl owQcM+ okys Å¡V dks Hkh cqyk j[kk gSA
3- fdruk Hkík jaxµ:i gS bldkA
4- canj dks xqLlk vk x;kA
5- ykseM+h dks cgqr 'keZ vkbZA
v fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\
1- ¶lHkh dh cqjkb;k¡ gh ns[krh jgrh gksA¸ canj us] ykseM+h lsA
2- ¶fdrus cqjs iSj gSa rqEgkjsA¸ ykseM+h us] cRr[k lsA
3- ¶rqEgkjs eq¡g ls cgqr nqxaZ/ vk jgh gSA¸ canj us] ykseM+h lsA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
tUefnu eqLdjkdj owQcM+ Mjiksd ikmMj
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksaA)
v vki ;fn è;ku ls ns[ksa rks izR;sd izk.kh esa oqQN xq.k o oqQN nks"k gksrs gSaA bu
izkf.k;ksa osQ dksbZ nks xq.k fyf[k,µ

1- xk; µ xk; dk nw/ cM+k mi;ksxh gksrk gSA
xk; osQ xkscj ls miys curs gSaA
2- cSy µ cSy gy tksrus osQ dke vkrk gSA
cSy cSyxkM+h pykus osQ dke vkrk gSA
3- Å¡V µ Å¡V esa xehZ lgu djus dh 'kfDr gksrh gSA
Å¡V dbZ fnuksa rd fcuk ikuh osQ jg ldrk gSA
4- oqQRrk µ oqQRrk ?kj dh j[kokyh djrk gSA
oqQRrk oiQknkj gksrk gSA
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
,d ls vf/d vFkksZa dk cks/ djkus okys 'kCnksa dks vusdkFkhZ 'kCn dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
cl] djhcA
mnkgj.k µ
1- eSa cl ij p<+ x;kA (,d lokjh)
2- cl] eq>s vkSj er f[kykvksA (euk djuk)
3- eSa djhc nks cts ?kj x;kA (yxHkx)
4- eSa ?kj osQ djhc igq¡pkA (fudV)
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nksµnks vFkZ crkrs gq, okD; cukb,µ
iQy µ
1- gesa [kkuk [kkus osQ ckn iQy [kkus pkfg,A (tSlsµ osQyk] vke)
2- eksgu dks viuh esgur dk iQy fey x;kA (ifj.kke] urhtk)
gkj µ
1- lhrkth us jketh dks gkj iguk;kA (ekyk)
2- eksgu oqQ'rh esa lksgu ls gkj x;kA (ijkt;)
pksVh µ
1- uhrk ckyksa dh pksVh cuk jgh gSA (cky xw¡Fkuk)
2- cNsanzh iky ,ojsLV dh pksVh ij igq¡pus okyh igyh Hkkjrh; efgyk FkhA (f'k[kj)
mRrj µ
1- js[kk us vè;kfidk dks iz'u dk Bhd mRrj fn;kA (tokc)
2- Hkkjr osQ mRrj esa fgeky; ioZr gSA (fn'kk)
n vfHkO;fDr
v uhps oqQN xq.k&voxq.kksa dks feykdj fy[kk x;k gSA muesa ls mUgsa vyx&vyx

djrs gq, lgh LraHk esa fyf[k,µ
vkyl] LoPNrk] ykijokgh] 'kksj epkuk] pksjh] >wB] lPpkbZ] Øks/] vuq'kklu] vkKk
ikyu] O;k;ke djuk] ifjJe] e/qjrk] Hk;] dBksjrk] lsokA
xq.k voxq.k
vkKk ikyu vkyl
LoPNrk ykijokgh
ifjJe 'kksj epkuk
O;k;ke djuk pksjh
e/qjrk >wB
lsok Øks/
lPPkkbZ dBksjrk
vuq'kklu Hk;
8. j{kkca/u (ikB~;iqLrd ist 39)

vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- j{kkca/u dk R;ksgkj dc euk;k tkrk gS\
mRrj% j{kkca/u dk R;ksgkj lkou osQ eghus dh iwf.kZek dks euk;k tkrk gSA
2- deZorh dkSu Fkh\
mRrj% deZorh esokM+ dh egkjkuh FkhA
3- deZorh us fdls jk[kh Hksth Fkh\
mRrj% deZorh us fnYyh osQ ckn'kkg gqek;w¡ osQ ikl jk[kh Hksth FkhA
4- jk[kh ikdj gqek;w¡ us D;k fd;k\
mRrj% jk[kh ikdj gqek;w¡ cgqr [kq'k gqvkA og lsuk ysdj deZorh dh lgk;rk osQ
fy, py iM+kA
5- gqek;w¡ fdl ckr ls cgqr nq%[kh Fkk\
mRrj% gqek;w¡ bl ckr ls cgqr nq%[kh Fkk fd og viuh cgu dh j{kk u dj ldkA
foifRr] lEeku] R;ksgkj] migkj] 'kkld
1- j{kkca/u HkkbZ&cgu osQ ifo=k izse dk R;ksgkj gSA
2- egkjk.kk laxzke flag esokM+ osQ 'kkld FksA

3- jkuh deZorh foifRr esa iQ¡l xbZA
4- vius lEeku dh j{kk osQ fy, jkuh deZorh us tku ns nhA
5- Hkkb;ksa us Hkh viuh cguksa osQ fy, migkj [kjhnsA
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa oQks vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ
R;ksgkj µ nhikoyh jks'kuh dk R;ksgkj gSA
O;fDr µ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkkx ys ldrk gSA
dFkk µ [kjxks'k vkSj dNq, dh dFkk cgqr izfl¼ gSA
vkØe.k µ Hkkjr us vdkj.k fdlh Hkh ns'k ij vkØe.k ugha fd;kA
{kek µ xyrh osQ fy, {kek ek¡xuh pkfg,A
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
`
v mfpr LFkku ij jsiQ () vFkok insu ()z yxkdj 'kCnksa dks lgh djosQ
fyf[k,µ
iwf.kek µ iwf.kZek vkde.k µ vkØe.k
ieq[k µ izeq[k deorh µ deZorh
ifl¼ µ izfl¼ i.kke µ iz.kke
v j{kkca/u ^lkou* osQ eghus dh îwf.kZek* dks euk;k tkrk gSA fganh frfFk;ksa osQ
oSQysaMj dks ns[kdj irk yxkb, fd fuEufyf[kr R;ksgkj fdl eghus dh fdl
frfFk dks euk, tkrs gSaµ
jkeuoeh µ pS=k uoeh
HkS;knwt µ dkfrZd f}rh;k
n'kgjk µ vkf'ou n'keh
gksyh µ iQkYxqu iwf.kZek
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ
vkt µ dy izse µ ?k`.kk
ikl µ nwj vPNk µ cqjk
cgqr µ de var µ vkfn
[kq'k µ mnkl cgknqj µ dk;j
viuk µ ijk;k
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nksµnks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ
R;ksgkj µ ioZ] mRloA izse µ I;kj] LusgA
e`R;q µ ej.k] ekSrA vkx µ vfXu] vuyA
migkj µ HksaV] rksgiQkA

v vfHkO;fDr
v js'ke osQ /kxs] Mksjh osQ ukys] pkoy vkfn ?kj esa feyusokyh vU; lqyHk phtksa
osQ iz;ksx ls lqanj jk[kh cukdj ;gk¡ fpidkb,µ
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a ikB~;iqLrd esa fpidk,¡)
9. esjk ns'k (ikB~;iqLrd ist 44)

vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- Hkkjr osQ yksx oSQls gSa\
mRrj% Hkkjr osQ yksx larks"kh ,oa ifjJeh gSaA
2- Hkkjr esa fdlosQ ea=k xw¡trs jgrs gSa\
mRrj% Hkkjr esa osnksa osQ ea=k xw¡trs jgrs gSaA
3- D;k Hkkjr esa ,d gh /eZ vkSj Hkk"kk osQ yksx jgrs gSa\
mRrj% ugha] Hkkjr esa vyx&vyx /eZ vkSj Hkk"kk osQ yksx jgrs gSaA
4- ;gk¡ ij fdu yksxksa us ckj&ckj tUe fy;k gS\
mRrj% ;gk¡ ij ckj&ckj vorkjksa us tUe fy;k gSA
5- dof;=kh fdldks ueu djus osQ fy, dg jgh gS\
mRrj% dof;=kh Hkkjr ekrk dks ueu djus osQ fy, dg jgh gSA
1- esjs ns'k dh Å¡ph 'kku]
ge lcdks bl ij vfHkekuA
lqanj ufn;k¡ o`{k fo'kky]
larks"kh tu gaS [kq'kgkyA
2- ckjµckj bl iq.; /jk ij]
vorkjksa us tUe fy;k gSA
muosQ mins'kksa ij pydj]
lcdk gh dY;k.k gqvk gSA
vfHkeku µ eu esa dHkh vfHkeku ugha j[kuk pkfg,A

[kq'kgky µ xk¡/hth us [kq'kgky Hkkjr dk liuk ns[kkA
iqQyokjh µ gekjs cxhps esa dbZ jaxksa dh iqQyokjh yxh gSA
lEeku µ geas vius ls cM+ksa dk lEeku djuk pkfg,A
dY;k.k µ Hkxoku lcdk dY;k.k djrs gSaA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v rqdkar 'kCnksa osQ lgh tksM+s cukb,µ
fo'kky dk'kh
uj] ukjh viukrs
Hkk"kh Lora=k
ukrs iqQyokjh
ea=k [kq'kgky
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls feyrs&tqyrs nks&nks 'kCn fyf[k,µ
'kku µ [kku] ikuA
ou µ eu] ruA
xhr µ ehr] jhrA
lc µ vc] dcA
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
,d&nwljs dk foijhr vFkZ nsus okys 'kCn foykse 'kCn dgykrs gSaA tSlsµlPpk&
>wBk] mRrj&iz'uA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ
Å¡ph µ uhph
dfBu µ ljy
I;kjk µ ?k`f.kr
tUe µ ej.k
lqanj µ oqQ:i
n vfHkO;fDr
v ns'kHkfDr dh vU; dfork,¡ <w¡<+dj if<+, rFkk ekufp=k esa fn, x, izns'kksa esa ls
vius izns'k dks <¡w<+dj mlesa viuh ilan dk jax Hkfj,µ (ekufp=k
ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)

10. xq# ukud (ikB~;iqLrd ist 49)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- xq# ukud dk tUe dgk¡ gqvk Fkk\
mRrj% xq# ukud dk tUe lu~ 1469 bZ0 esa dkfrZd iwf.kZek dks ykgkSj osQ fudV
ryoaMh uked xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA
2- muosQ firk dk D;k uke Fkk\
mRrj% muosQ firk dk uke dkywpan csnh FkkA
3- ukud osQ firk D;k pkgrs Fks\
mRrj% ukud osQ firk pkgrs Fks fd ukud lkeku [kjhnsa vkSj mls cspdj oqQN /u
dek,¡A
4- firk osQ }kjk fn, x, #i;ksa dk ukud us D;k fd;k\
mRrj% firk osQ }kjk fn, x, #i;ksa ls ukud us Hkw[ks lk/qvksa dks [kkuk f[kyk
fn;kA
5- ejnkuk dkSu Fkk\
mRrj% ejnkuk ,d eqlyeku xoS;k Fkk vkSj xq# ukud osQ mins'k ls og mudk
f'k"; cu x;k FkkA
mins'k] ;k=kk] cpiu] ,dkar] ,drk
1- xq# ukud us gesa HkkbZpkjs vkSj ,drk dk ikB i<+k;kA
2- ukud cpiu ls gh cgqr n;kyq FksA
3- ukud ,dkar esa cSBdj Hkxoku dk è;ku djrs FksA
4- ejnkuk ukud osQ mins'k ls izHkkfor gqvkA
5- xq# ukud us lkjs Hkkjr dh ;k=kk dhA
v fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa osQ lkeus (lR;@vlR;) fyf[k,µ
1- xq# ukud osQ firk dk uke uudkuk lkgc FkkA vlR;
2- i<+usµfy[kus esa ukud dk [kwc eu yxrk FkkA vlR;
3- ejnkuk ukud dk f'k"; cu x;kA lR;
4- ukud osQ nks iq=k gq,A lR;
5- ryoaMh xk¡o Hkkjr esa gSA vlR;

n mPpkj.k ys[ku
dkfrZd dkfjans LoHkko izHkkfor yfTtr
mRrj % (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a djasA)
lhD[kksa µ flD[kksa >wdko µ >qdko
dkrhZd µ dkfrZd Åins'k µ mins'k
iqf.kZek µ iwf.kZek yfttr µ yfTtr
xos;S µ xoS;s ehrZ;q µ e`R;q
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
laKk ;k loZuke ls fØ;k dk laca/ crkusokys 'kCn dkjd dgykrs gSaA tSlsµ dks] us]
ls] osQ fy,] dk] esa vkfnA tSlsµ dfork us i=k fy[kk_ cPpksa dks feBkbZ nks vkfnA
[kkyh txgksa dh iwfrZ mfpr dkjd ls dhft,µ
1- isM+ ls vke fxj x;kA (ls] esa] ij)
2- vkvks Nr ij pysaA (esa] dks] ij)
3- pkowQ ls iQy dkVksA (ij] osQ fy,] ls)
4- ;g 'osrk dh cgu gSA (dk] dh] dks)
5- fuf/ ikuh esa owQn jgh gSA (esa] ij] ls)
v dks"Bd esa ls Nk¡Vdj fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ
(Hkjk] nwj] [kksVk] e`R;q] vusd] gkfu)
tUe µ e`R;q fudV µ nwj
ykHk µ gkfu ,d µ vusd
[kjk µ [kksVk [kkyh µ Hkjk
n vfHkO;fDr
v vius flD[k fe=kksa dh lgk;rk ls irk yxkdj fyf[k,µ
flD[kksa dk iwtk LFky µ xq#}kjk
flD[kksa dh /kfeZd iqLrd µ xq# xzaFk lkfgc
flD[kksa osQ vafre xq# µ xq# xksfoan flag
flD[kksa osQ fo'oizfl¼ /kfeZd
rFkk i;ZVu LFky dk uke µ ve`rlj dk Lo.kZ eafnj

11. ew[kZrk dk iQy (ikB~;iqLrd ist 54)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- /ksch D;ksa [kq'k Fkk\
mRrj% /ksch blfy, [kq'k Fkk D;ksafd mls x/s dks f[kykus&fiykus dh fpark ls
eqfDr fey xbZ FkhA
2- xhnM+ vkSj x/k lkjh jkr D;k djrs Fks\
mRrj% xhnM+ vkSj x/k lkjh jkr th Hkjdj [kkrs vkSj cfr;krs FksA
3- fnu fudyus ij nksuksa D;k djrs Fks\
mRrj% fnu fudyus ij xhnM+ taxy esa Hkkx tkrk Fkk vkSj x/k /ksch osQ ikl ykSV
vkrk FkkA
4- x/s us xhnM+ dh dkSuµlh ckr ugha ekuh\
mRrj% xhnM+ us x/s dks xhr xkus ls euk fd;k ysfdu x/s us xhnM+ dh ckr ugha
ekuhA
5- var esa x/s osQ lkFk D;k gqvk\
mRrj% var esa [ksr osQ ekfydksa us ykfB;ksa ls x/s dh tedj fiVkbZ dh vkSj fiQj
mls [ksr ls ckgj fudky fn;kA
v/ejk] lH;] gêkð&dêkð] HksaV] laxhr
1- x/s dh HksaV ,d xhnM+ ls gks xbZA
2- x/k [kwc gêkð&dêkð gks x;kA
3- esjs eu ls laxhr osQ cksy iwQV jgs gSaA
4- lH; izk.kh rks dyk ls izse djrs gSaA
5- ykfB;ksa dh ekj ls x/k v/ejk gks x;kA
1- ¶pkjksa vksj fc[kjh pk¡nuh eu dks eqX/ fd, ysrh gSA¸ x/s us] xhnM+ lsA
2- ¶ge ;gk¡ pksjh dk eky [kkus&ihus vk, gSaA¸ xhnM+ us] x/s lsA
3- ¶rqEgsa dyk ls u rks izse gS vkSj u mldh le> gh gSA¸ x/s us] xhnM+ lsA
4- ¶eSa rqEgsa fn[kkÅ¡xk fd eSa fdruk vPNk xk ldrk gw¡A¸ x/s us] xhnM+ lsA
5- ¶esjs lq>ko dks u ekuus dk rqEgsa fdruk cf<+;k buke feyk\¸ xhnM+ us] x/s lsA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v u, 'kCn cukb,µ
Re µ vkRek ijekRek] egkRekA
Dr µ jDr O;Dr] l'kDrA
PN µ vPNk ePNj] bPNkA
Lr µ iqLrd vLr] eLrA
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks lgh Øe esa yxkdj vFkZiw.kZ okD; cukb,µ
1- x/s fe=krk gks xhnM+ xbZ dh lsA x/s dh fe=krk xhnM+ ls gks xbZA
2- panzek iwjk esa jgk ped Fkk vkdk'kA vkdk'k esa iwjk paäek ped jgk FkkA
3- izse izk.kh gSa dyk lH; rks ls djrsA lH; izk.kh rks dyk ls izse djrs gSaA
4- ekuh xhnM+ dh x/s ugha ckr usA x/s us xhnM+ dh ckr ugha ekuhA
5- gqvk x/k cgqr lqudj ;g 'kfeZankA ;g lqudj x/k cgqr 'kfeZank gqvkA
n O;kdj.k cks/k
fe=k µ fe=krk izlUu µ izlUurk
lH; µ lH;rk dk;j µ dk;jrk
ifo=k µ ifo=krk Lora=k µ Lora=krk
ohj µ ohjrk lqanj µ lqanjrk
nfjnz µ nfjærk
v ^Hkwr lokj gksuk* ,d eqgkojk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ftn gksukA fuEufyf[kr
eqgkojksa dk muosQ vFkZ ls lgh feyku dhft,µ
^v* ^c*
1- nqe nckdj Hkkxuk Hkkx tkuk
2- Vl ls el u gksuk pqxyh djuk
3- dku Hkjuk /ks[kk nsuk
4- vk¡[kksa esa /wy >ksaduk izk.k cpkdj Hkkxuk
5- ukS nks X;kjg gksuk tjk Hkh u fgyuk
n vfHkO;fDr
v fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks iwjk dhft,A vkidh lgk;rk osQ fy, oqQN 'kCn
dks"Bd esa fn, x, gSaµ
(IkkB'kkyk] gjk] jk"Vªh; xku] cPps] Lora=krk] Hkk"k.k] lqu] >aMk] osQlfj;k)
vkt Loa r=krk fnol gSA ;g gekjh ikB'kkyk gSA iz/kukpk;Z th Hkk"k.k ns jgs gSaA
LkHkh cPps è;ku ls lqu jgs gSaA ns'k dk >aMk iQgj jgk gSA blesa Åij osQlfj;k jax gS
rFkk lcls uhps gjkA vc ge lc jk"Vªh; xku xk,¡xsA

12. n;kyq yM+dh (ikB~;iqLrd ist 59)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- fiYyk ôw¡Q&ow¡Q* D;ksa dj jgk Fkk\
mRrj% fiYyk nnZ osQ dkj.k ôw¡Q&ow¡Q* dj jgk FkkA
2- Ýyksjasl us fiYys dks ?kj ykdj D;k fd;k\
mRrj% Ýyksjasl us fiYys dks ?kj ykdj mlosQ ?kko dks /ks;kA fiQj ml ij ejge
yxkdj iêhð dj nhA
3- Ýyksjsal dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡ gqvk Fkk\
mRrj% Ýyksjsal dk tUe 15 ebZ] 1820 bZ0 dks bVyh osQ Ýyksjsal uked LFkku ij
gqvk FkkA
4- Ýyksjsal dh gkfnZd bPNk D;k Fkh\
mRrj% Ýyksjsal dh gkfnZd bPNk ,d ulZ cuus dh FkhA
5- jksxh mls fdl uke ls iqdkjrs Fks\
mRrj% jksxh mls ^nhidokyh efgyk* osQ uke ls iqdkjrs FksA
1- Ýyksjsal us ns[kk fd fiYys dk ,d iSj ?kk;y gSA (?kk;y@dVk gqvk)
2- og vius ejhtksa dk iwjk è;ku j[krh FkhA (oqQRrksa@ejhtksa)
3- og lkjk fnu dfBu ifjJe djrh FkhA (loky@ifjJe)
4- og ulZ osQ dke dks lsok ekurh FkhA (is'kk@lsok)
?kk;y µ ;q¼ eas vusd lSfud ?kk;y gks x,A
è;ku µ ;k=kk djrs le; vius lkeku dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
efgyk µ vk/qfud ;qx esa efgyk vkSj l'kDr gqbZ gSA
lsok µ gesa vius ekrk&firk dh lsok djuh pkfg,A
vknj µ lc yksx xk¡/hth dk vknj djrs FksA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
egje µ ejge n;kyw µ n;kyq

ijhJe µ ifjJe iz;k'k µ iz;kl
fnid µ nhid fclrj µ fcLrj
dks'kh'k µ dksf'k'k mphr µ mfpr
uzerk µ uezrk bZykt µ bykt
nokbZ;k¡ µ nokb;k¡ iza'klk µ iz'kalk

gkfnZd fofHkUu ifjJe O;oLFkk ;q¼&{ks=k
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v [kkyh txgksa dh iwfrZ fo'ks"k.k ls dhft,µ
1- Hkwjh fcYyh pwgk [kk xbZA
2- est ij ,d vPNh iqLrd j[kh gSA
3- pkykd ykseM+h jksVh ysdj HkkxhA
4- dkyk dkSvk ns[krk jg x;kA
5- eksVk flikgh fxj iM+kA
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ

ekrk µ vack] ek¡A
bPNk µ vfHkyk"kk] dkeukA
;q¼ µ yM+kbZ] la?k"kZA
lEeku µ vknj] izfr"BkA
n vfHkO;fDr
v vki fdlh ij fdl izdkj n;k dj ldrs gSa\ rhu okD; fyf[k,µ
1- Hkw[ks O;fDr dks Hkkstu f[kykdjA
2- xjhc O;fDr dks /u nsdjA
3- BaM ls fBBqjrs gq, O;fDr dks dacy nsdjA
v fuEufyf[kr okD; esa viuh ilan osQ jax Hkfj,µ (okD; ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a jax HkjsaA)

13. ikuh vkSj ijs'kkuh (ikB~;iqLrd ist 64)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- u;k lkcqu ns[k dj lkfgy us D;k lkspk\
mRrj% u;k lkcqu ns[k dj lkfgy us lkspk lkcqu dh fdruh vPNh [kq'kcw gSA
vkt rks ugkus esa cM+ k vkuan vk,xkA
2- D;k lkfgy dks ugkus esa vkuan vk;k\ ;fn ugha rks D;ksa\
mRrj% lkfgy dks ugkus esa vkuan ugha vk;k D;ksafd chp esa gh ikuh [kRe gks x;k
FkkA
3- ikuh [kRe D;ksa gks x;k Fkk\
mRrj% ikuh blfy, [kRe gks x;k Fkk D;ksafd lkfgy ikuh dh dæ ugha djrk Fkk
vkSj izk;% uy [kqyk NksM+ nsrk FkkA
4- ek¡ dh ckr dks igys lkfgy D;ksa ugha le>rk Fkk\
mRrj% ek¡ dh ckr dks lkfgy igys blfy, ugha le>rk Fkk D;ksafd og lksprk
Fkk fd ek¡ dh rks ;g vknr gSµ¶;g er djksA og er djks! --------¸ og rks
oqQN u oqQN dgrh gh jgrh gSA
5- var esa lkfgy us D;k r; fd;k\
mRrj% var esa lkfgy us ;g fu'p; fd;k fd vc og ikuh dHkh cjckn ugha
djsxkA
thou] vewY;] [kq'kcw] Hkwy] cjckn
1- u, lkcqu dh fdruh vPNh [kq'kcw gSA
2- ikuh dks cjckn ugha djuk pkfg,A
3- vc lkfgy dks viuh Hkwy le> esa vk jgh FkhA
4- ty vewY; gSA
5- ty gh thou gSA
mRrj% 1- ¶vkt rks ugkus esa cM+k vkuan vk,xkA¸ lkfgy us] vius eu lsA
2- ¶ikuh [kRe gks x;k gSA¸ ek¡ us] lkfgy lsA
3- ¶rqe ikuh dh dnz ugha djrsA¸ ek¡ us] lkfgy lsA
4- ¶ikuh fdlus can fd;k\¸ lkfgy us] ek¡ lsA

n mPpkj.k ys[ku
1- lqxa/ µ l $ q $ x $ a $ /
2- lkcqu µ l $ k $ c $ q $ u
3- ugkuk µ u $ g $ k $ u $ k
4- blfy, µ b $ l $ y $ f $ ,
5- cjckn µ c $ j $ c $ k $ n
gDdk&cDdk µ vfuy vpkud eq>s lkeus ns[kdj gDdk&cDdk jg x;kA
jiwQpDdj µ pksj pksjh djosQ jiwQpDdj gks x;kA
eq¡g&gkFk µ brus de ikuh esa eq¡g&gkFk oSQls /qy ik,¡xsA
cjckn µ ikuh dks cjckn ugha djuk pkfg,A
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
fdlh fo'ks"k O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku] iqLrd] Hkou vkfn osQ uke dks O;fDrokpd
laKk dgrs gSaA tSlsµ jes'k] vkxjk] jkek;.k] rktegy] psrd vkfnA
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa O;fDrokpd laKk,¡ Nk¡fV,µ
1- vkjk/uk eq>s rax djrh jgrh gSA
2- og fnYyh esa jgrh gSA
3- esjh iqLrd dk uke Hkk"kk f{kfrt gSA
4- mldk oqQRrk eksrh vkt chekj gSA
5- og vkuan Hkou esa jgrk gSA
cjckn µ cjcknh ckjkr µ ckjkrh
vkckn µ vkcknh cjlkr µ cjlkrh
vktkn µ vktknh vf/dkj µ vf/dkjh
n vfHkO;fDRk
v uhps fn, x, dkeksa esa ls dkSu&dkSu ls dke fcuk ikuh osQ Hkh gks ldrs gSa\ mu
ij (7) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (fp=k ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)
v uhps fn, x, fp=k esa viuh ilan osQ jax Hkfj,µ (fp=k ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a jax HkjsA)

14. cgqr cM+k gS ;g lalkj (ikB~;iqLrd ist 69)
vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- lcls igys fpfM+;k osQ ?kksalys dk vkdkj oSQlk Fkk\
mRrj% lcls igys fpfM+ ;k osQ ?kksalys dk vkdkj vaMs osQ tSlk FkkA
2- fpfM+;k dk ?kksalyk fdl pht ls rS;kj gqvk\
mRrj% fpfM+ ;k dk ?kksalyk lw[ks frudksa ls rS;kj gqvkA
3- isM+ksa dh 'kk[kk,¡ oSQlh Fkha\
mRrj% isM+ksa dh 'kk[kk,¡ gjh&Hkjh FkhaA
4- vkf[kj esa fpfM+;k dh le> esa D;k vk;k\
mRrj% vkf[kj esa fpfM+ ;k dh le> esa ;g vk;k fd ;g lalkj cgqr cM+ k gSA
1- fiQj esjk ?kj cuk ?kksalyk
lw[ks frudksa ls rS;kjA
2- rc eSa ;gh le>rh Fkh cl]
bruk&lk gh gS lalkj AA
3- vkf[kj tc eSa vkleku esa
mM+h nwj rd ia[k ilkjA
v lgh esy feykb,µ
^v* ^c*
1- lalkj lw[ks frudksa ls cuk FkkA
2- ?kj dk vkdkj gjh&Hkjh lqoqQekj FkhaA
3- o`{k dh Mkfy;k¡ cgqr cM+ k gSA
4- fpfM+ ;k dk ?kksalyk vaMs tSlk FkkA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls feyrs&tqyrs 'kCn vius eu ls lkspdj fyf[k,µ
?kj µ Hkj vaMs µ MaMs
cM+k µ lM+k rc µ dc
tSlk µ oSlk esjh µ rsjh
cl µ jl gjh µ Hkjh
bruk µ ftruk

v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks lgh Øe esa yxkdj vFkZiw.kZ okD; cukb,µ
1- vaMs Fkk ?kj tSlk igys esjkA igys esjk ?kj vaMs tSlk FkkA
2- frudksa cuk ?kksalyk gS esjk lsA esjk ?kksalyk frudksa ls cuk gSA
3- vkleku mM+ h rd eSa nwj esaA eSa vkleku esa nwj rd mM+hA
4- lpeqp cM+ k lalkj cgqr gSA lpeqp lalkj cgqr cM+k gS A
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v dks"Bd esa ls Nk¡Vdj fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(Mky] vkdk'k] ij] fo'o] vko`Qfr] fo'kky)
'kk[kk µ Mky lalkj µ fo'o
ia[k µ ij vkdkj µ vko`Qfr
vkleku µ vkdk'k cM+k µ fo'kky
v [kkyh txgksa dh iwfrZ loZuke ls dhft,µ
1- og dy fnYyh x;k FkkA
2- mlus viuk bykt djok;k gSA
3- eksgu mlosQ ?kj tk,xkA
4- dy mldh nqdku ij iqfyl vkbZ FkhA
n vfHkO;fDr
v êsjk ?kj* ij ik¡p okD; fyf[k,µ
mRrj% fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksA uhps lgk;rk osQ fy, oqQN mnkgj.k fn, x, gSaµ
1- ;g esjk ?kj gSA
2- esjk ?kj xk¡/h uxj esa gSA
3- esjs ?kj esa vkB dejs gSaA
4- esjs ?kj esa lq[k vkSj vkjke osQ lHkh lk/u gSaA
5- esjs ?kj esa ,d cxhpk gSA
v uhps fn, x, fp=k esa viuh ilan osQ jax Hkfj,µ (fp=k ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)
mRrj% (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a jax Hkjsa)
15. Lok/hurk dk lq[k (ikB~;iqLrd ist 73)

vH;kl
n ikB Kku
1- Hkkjrh; igys fdl izdkj jgk djrs Fks\
mRrj% Hkkjrh; igys izse o esytksy ls jgrs FksA
2- vaxzstksa us Hkkjrh;ksa dks detksj cukus osQ fy, D;k mik; lkspk\
mRrj% vaxzstksa us Hkkjrh;ksa dks detksj cukus osQ fy, ;g mik; lkspk fd bu yksxksa
dks fdlh cgkus vkil esa yM+ok fn;k tk,A
3- vaxzstksa dk O;ogkj xqyke Hkkjrh;ksa osQ izfr oSQlk Fkk\
mRrj% vaxzstksa dk O;ogkj xqyke Hkkjrh;ksa osQ izfr vR;ar dBksj o Øw j FkkA tks Hkh
muosQ f[kykiQ vkokt mBkrk Fkk os mls oqQpy Mkyrs FksA
4- lcls cM+k lq[k D;k gS\
mRrj% lcls cM+ k lq[k Lok/hurk gSA
5- Hkkjrh;ksa dks vktkn djkus osQ fy, Hkkjrh; ohjksa us D;k fd;k\
mRrj% Hkkjrh;ksa dks vktkn djkus osQ fy, vusd Hkkjrh; ohj iQk¡lh osQ r[rs ij
>wy x,A
v lgh 'kCn Nk¡Vdj [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,µ
nq"Vtu] xqyke] ,drk] Lok/hurk] nq%[kh
1- ,drk esa gh cy gksrk gSA
2- vkilh yM+ kb&Z>xM+ ksa dk ykHk izk;% nq"Vtu mBkrs gSaA
3- Lok/hurk lcls cM+ k lq[k gSA
4- vaxzstksa us gekjs ns'k dks xqyke cuk;k FkkA
5- vaxzstksa osQ vR;kpkjksa ls lc nq%[kh FksA
vktknh µ gesa viuh vktknh izk.kksa ls Hkh I;kjh gSA
O;kikj µ lsB vehjpan dks O;kikj esa ?kkVk gks x;kA
pkykd µ ykseM+h cgqr pkykd FkhA
xqyke µ Hkkjr cgqr le; rd vaxzstksa dk xqyke jgkA
'kkld µ cgknqj'kkg xqtjkr dk 'kkld FkkA
n mPpkj.k ys[ku
v ikB esa ls Nk¡Vdj nksµnks 'kCn fyf[k, ftuesaµ
1- vk/s o.kks± dk iz;ksx gksµ
vR;ar] vkUnksyu
2- insu ()z dk iz;ksx gksµ
Øj]
w izse
3- panzfcanq ( ¡ ) dk iz;ksx gksµ
;gk¡] tk,¡xs

4- folxZ (%) dk iz;ksx gksµ
izk;%] nq%[kh
/uoku Hkkjroklh viekfur fu'p; ijokg
n O;kdj.k cks/k
v ;kn jf[k,µ
ftu 'kCnksa ls oLrq ;k izk.kh osQ L=kh tkfr osQ gksus dk cks/ gks] os L=khfyax rFkk ftu
'kCnksa ls oLrq ;k izk.kh osQ iq#"k tkfr gksus dk cks/ gks] os iqfYyax dgykrs gSaA tSlsµ
L=khfyax µ vkSjr] yM+ dh] fpfM+ ;k] oqQlhZ vkfnA
iqfYyax µ vkneh] yM+ dk] dcwrj] ia[kk vkfnA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fyax ifjorZu dhft,µ
pwgk µ pqfg;k cdjh µ cdjk
ys[kd µ ysf[kdk 'ksj µ 'ksjuh
gal µ gafluh yM+ dk µ yM+dh
eksj µ eksjuh fcyko µ fcYyh
vè;kid µ vè;kfidk
v fuEufyf[kr esa js[kkafdr 'kCnksa dks igpkudj mudk fyax okD;ksa osQ lkeus
fyf[k,µ
fyax
1- 'ksj taxy esa lks jgk FkkA iqfYyax
2- fpfM+ ;k isM+ ij cSBh FkhA L=khfyax
3- f'kdkjh us tky iSQyk fn;kA iqfYyax
4- vkSjr ukp jgh FkhA L=khfyax
5- rksrk gjs jax dk gksrk gSA iqfYyax
n vfHkO;fDr
v uhps gekjs ns'k Hkkjr dk jk"Vªèot fn;k x;k gS] blesa mfpr LFkku ij mfpr
jax Hkfj,µ (fp=k ikB~;iqLrd esa ns[ksa)
mRrjµ (fo|kFkhZ Lo;a lko/kuhiwoZd jax HkjsaA)

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Hkk"kk

gksjkbtu çsl 19 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 20 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 21 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

3. lPpk ckyd (ikB~;iqLrd ist 14)

gksjkbtu çsl 22 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 23 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 24 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 25 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 26 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 27 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

6. prqj fl;kj (ikB~;iqLrd ist 28)

gksjkbtu çsl 28 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 29 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

7. xq.k&voxq.k (ikB~;iqLrd ist 33)

gksjkbtu çsl 30 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 31 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 32 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

8. j{kkca/u (ikB~;iqLrd ist 39)

gksjkbtu çsl 33 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 34 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

9. esjk ns'k (ikB~;iqLrd ist 44)

gksjkbtu çsl 35 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 36 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 37 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 38 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 40 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 41 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks lqanj ys[k esa fyf[k,µ

v fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ

gksjkbtu çsl 42 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 43 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 44 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 45 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

15. Lok/hurk dk lq[k (ikB~;iqLrd ist 73)

gksjkbtu çsl 47 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

gksjkbtu çsl 48 Hkk"kk f{kfrt - [1-3]

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