Transformations

Translations
A translation is a geometrical transformation of the plane such that an object changes its position
in a specific direction along a straight line. The object and resulting image are congruent (same
dimensions, size)
𝑥
Each translation can be represented by a translation matrix 𝑇 = (𝑦) where x is the horizontal
displacement (shift) and y is the vertical displacement (rise or fall)

Object + Translation Vector = Image

5
The point A(3,2) is moved under translation vector 𝑇 = ( ). Find coordinates of the image of
8
point A given 𝐴′
O+T=I
3 5 8
( )+( )=( )
2 8 10
Image 𝐴′ (8,10)

The triangle ABC with vertices A(1,1) B(3,4) C(5,6) undergoes a translation under the vector
4
𝑇=( )
−3
Find the coordinates of the image of triangle ABC, A′B′C′
Object + TV = Image
1 3 5 4 5 7 9
( )+( )=( )
1 4 6 −3 −2 1 3
Image: 𝐴′ (5, −2) 𝐵 ′ (7,1) 𝐶 ′ (9,3)
Reflections
A reflection is a geometrical transformation of the plane in which object points are mapped onto
image points by use of “mirror lines” The object and the image are congruent.
A 2x2 matrix can be used to represent a reflection in lines passing through the origin.

Transformation Matrices for Reflections of Objects in Lines passing through the Origin
Reflection in the 𝑥 – axis
1 0
Transformation Matrix 𝑇 = ( )
0 −1

Reflection in the 𝑦 – axis

−1 0
Transformation Matrix 𝑇 = ( )
0 1

Reflection in the line 𝑦 = 𝑥

0 1
Transformation Matrix 𝑇 = ( )
1 0

Reflection in the line 𝑦 = −𝑥

0 −1
Transformation Matrix 𝑇 = ( )
−1 0

Reflection in the Origin

−1 0
Transformation Matrix 𝑇 = ( )
0 −1
Triangle ABC with vertices A(-3,2), B(1,4) and C(-1,1) is reflected in the x – axis
Calculate the position of triangle A’B’C’
Transformation Matrix x Object = Image
1 0 −3 1 −1 −3 1 −1
( )( )=( )
0 −1 2 4 1 −2 −4 −1
Image: 𝐴′ (−3, −2) 𝐵 ′ (1, −4) 𝐶 ′ (−1, −1)