Spec 2017 02 A00 Equipment in LPG Processing Installations

DEP SPECIFICATION
EQUIPMENT IN LPG PROCESSING INSTALLATIONS

Copyright Shell Group of Companies. No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Shell. Not for resale
DEP 30.06.10.11-Gen.
February 2017
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE
DEM1
© 2017 Shell Group of companies
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UOP Honeywell ted.fuger@honeywell.com 19/01/2018 06:06:51
ECCN EAR99 DEP 30.06.10.11-Gen.
February 2017
Page 2
PREFACE
DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
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information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
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quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
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Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
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a Service Agreement or otherwise).
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which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.
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All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.

February 2017
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4
1.1 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ......... 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 4
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 5
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES ............................................................................... 5
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP ....................................................................................... 6
1.7 DUAL UNITS............................................................................................................... 6
1.8 NON NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY) .............................................................. 6
2. PUMPS ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 PUMP SELECTION .................................................................................................... 7
2.3 NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD ............................................................................... 7
2.4 DIFFERENTIAL HEAD ............................................................................................... 7
2.5 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 9
3. COMPRESSORS...................................................................................................... 10
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS ........................................................................... 11
3.3 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS ...................................................................... 11
3.4 SCREW COMPRESSORS ....................................................................................... 11
3.5 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................... 11
4. STRAINERS ............................................................................................................. 13
5. VALVES .................................................................................................................... 13
6. FLEXIBLE ARMS, HOSES AND COUPLINGS ....................................................... 14
7. MEASURING/CONTROL INSTRUMENTS .............................................................. 14
7.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 14
7.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 15
7.3 LEVEL GAUGING EQUIPMENT .............................................................................. 15
7.4 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................... 16
7.5 TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ..................................................... 16
7.6 WEIGHING EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................... 16
7.7 QUALITY MEASURING INSTRUMENTS (QMIs) .................................................... 16
7.8 METERING EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................ 17
7.9 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION ................................................................................... 20
7.10 FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT ...................................... 20
8. ODORISING FACILITIES ......................................................................................... 20
8.1 INJECTION SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 20
8.2 EQUIPMENT MATERIALS FOR HANDLING ODORANTS ..................................... 25
9. AREA CLASSIFICATION, EARTHING AND BONDING......................................... 25
9.1 AREA CLASSIFICATION ......................................................................................... 25
9.2 EARTHING AND BONDING ..................................................................................... 25
10. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 26

February 2017
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for main equipments (pumps,
compressors, strainers, valves, flexible loading arms, quality measuring instruments and
odorizing facilities) available for use in LPG processing installations (e.g., in bulk storage
facilities at Upstream gas and gas to liquid plants, Manufacturing refineries and Chemicals
sites). Excluded from this DEP are facilities at terminals, bottling plants, customer sites and
retail sites. Also excluded from this DEP are LPG vessels inside the battery limits of
process units.
LPG includes commercial propane, commercial butane and mixtures thereof.
This DEP contains mandatory requirements to mitigate process safety risks in accordance
with Design Engineering Manual DEM 1 – Application of Technical Standards.
This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2013; see (1.5) regarding
the changes.
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorisation to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in facilities related to oil and gas production, gas handling, oil
refining, chemical processing, gasification, distribution and supply/marketing. This DEP
may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The capitalised term SHALL [PS] indicates a process safety requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
The word may indicates a permitted option.

February 2017
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1.3.2 Abbreviations
Term Definition
ESD Emergency Shutdown
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
NPSHA Net Positive Suction Head (Available)
PD Positive Displacement
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
QMIs Quality Measuring Instruments
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section or
clause number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed
in (10).
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

This DEP is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2013. The following
are the main, non-editorial changes.
Section/Clause Change
All Restructured and clarified requirements, enforced shall/should
2.5.1 Clarified and re-structured DEM1 requirement
3.3 Clarified and re-structured DEM1 requirement
5 Clarified and re-structured DEM1 requirement
7.2 Clarified and re-structured DEM1 requirement

February 2017
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1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be submitted to the Administrator using one of the following
options:
Shell DEPs Online Enter the Shell DEPs Online system at

https://www.shelldeps.com
(Users with access to
Select a DEP and then go to the details screen for
Shell DEPs Online)
that DEP.
Click on the “Give feedback” link, fill in the online
form and submit.
DEP Feedback System Enter comments directly in the DEP Feedback

System which is accessible from the Technical
(Users with access to
Standards Portal http://sww.shell.com/standards.
Shell Wide Web)
Select “Submit DEP Feedback”, fill in the online form
and submit.
DEP Standard Form Use DEP Standard Form 00.00.05.80-Gen. to record

feedback and email the form to the Administrator at
(other users)
standards@shell.com.
Feedback that has been registered in the DEP Feedback System by using one of the above
options will be reviewed by the DEP Custodian for potential improvements to the DEP.
1.7 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
1.8 NON NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY)

Text shown in italic style in this DEP indicates text that is non-normative and is provided as
explanation or background information only.
Non-normative text is normally indented slightly to the right of the relevant DEP clause.

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2. PUMPS
2.1 GENERAL
For pump selection criteria, refer to DEP 31.29.02.11-Gen.
2.2 PUMP SELECTION

Centrifugal pumps are the preferred type for LPG handling.
1. When centrifugal pumps are not the optimum solution based on criteria defined in
(2.1), a positive displacement pump may be selected.
a. For requirements and recommendations on centrifugal pumps, refer to
DEP 31.29.02.30-Gen. and DEP 31.29.06.30-Gen.
b. For requirements and recommendations on positive displacement pump, refer to
DEP 31.29.12.30-Gen.
2.3 NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD

Refer to DEP 31.29.02.30.Gen. for NPSH requirement.
2.4 DIFFERENTIAL HEAD

1. When calculating the differential head required while selecting a pump, the following
shall be taken into account:
2. Pressure decrease in the supply vessel because of vaporisation of liquid to replace the
product removed.
3. Pressure increase in the receiving vessel, due to condensation of vapour as the liquid
level rises.
The pressure in the supply/receiving vessel is affected by the presence or absence of a
vapour return line.
Figure 1 illustrates differential head and NPSHA.

February 2017
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Figure 1 Diagrammatic illustration of differential head and NPSH A
Table 1: Differential head and NPSHA
Ps Pressure in supply vessel

hs Height of liquid level in supply vessel above/below pump
centre in line (minimum)
ws Total head loss in suction line between supply vessel
and pump
Hs = Ps + hs - ws Total minimum suction head
Pr Pressure in receiving vessel
hr Height of liquid level in receiving vessel above/below
pump centre line (maximum)
wr Total head loss in discharge line between pump and
receiving vessel
Hr = Pr + hr + wr Total maximum discharge head
H = Hr - H s Differential head
Hs - product = Net Positive Suction Head available (NPSHA) at the
vapour pressure pump inlet.

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2.5 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

2.5.1 General
1. Refer to DEP 31.29.00.10-Gen. for general installation requirements.
2. For reciprocating positive displacement pumps and metering pumps, relief valves
integral with the pump casing shall not be used.
Relief valves intended to protect pipe work is not included in Pump vendor’s scope.
3. Refer to API 675 as amended by DEP 31.29.12.30-Gen. for installation requirements
pertaining to reciprocating positive displacement pumps.
4. Pump location shall ensure the following:
a. Potential flame impingement (e.g., due to any leakage from mechanical seals and
connections) on vessels and piping SHALL [PS] be prevented.
5. Pumps shall be located closest (refer to DEP 30.06.10.12-Gen. for location
requirement) to the supply vessel to
a. minimise friction loss in the pump suction system;
Minimum friction loss will have a positive effect on the NPSH A.
b. minimise heat transfer into the suction piping system, e.g., from solar heat, by
painting the pipes in a light, heat-reflecting colour, fitting sun shades or applying
insulation.
i. If sun shades are used, they should not obstruct fire fighting.
ii. Insulation applied should be fire resistant.
2.5.2 Piping
1. For piping requirements, refer to DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen.
2.5.2.1 Suction lines
1. Suction lines shall be provided with suction strainers (refer to (4)) to remove
extraneous solid material.
2. Suction lines shall slope continuously downward from vessel outlet to the pump inlet.
3. A straight length of pipe (as defined by the pump Manufacturer/Supplier) shall be fitted
immediately upstream of the pump suction flange to ensure minimum turbulence to
pump suction.
2.5.2.2 Isolation valves
1. All pumps and strainers shall be provided with isolation valves to enable them to be
taken out of service for maintenance.

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2.5.2.3 Bypass lines/'no flow' cut-off

If a pump is operated below its minimum continuous stable flow or, against a closed
discharge valve, the temperature of the liquid will rise, possibly causing vaporisation of
the product and damage to the pump.
1. To avoid product vaporisation and pump damage, a bypass line shall be provided to
return the liquid to the supply vessel.
2. For non-centrifugal pumps, the bypass lines shall be fitted with either of the following:
a. A pressure differential valve (set to lift at the pump’s maximum working pressure
or 1 bar below the maximum working pressure).
b. Low-flow controller.
3. For centrifugal pumps, the bypass line and valve shall be sized for the minimum
continuous stable thermal flow as specified by the Manufacturer/Supplier.
4. For positive displacement pumps, the bypass system shall accommodate 100% of the
pump's design flow rate.
5. For pumps with 'direct on-line' starting, overheating of the liquid shall be avoided by
the provision of a 'no flow' switch in the discharge line.
a. A suitable time delay before the switch operates should be included.
2.5.3 Vent valves
1. Vents should be located outside the dispersion radius.
2. A risk assessment and dispersion analysis shall be carried out by installation
Contractor.
3. Pumps shall have a vent valve at the highest point.
a. Pumps should have a vent valve at the seal chamber (where applicable), for
venting of accumulated vapour.
4. For vertical pumps, venting arrangements shall be provided to allow for venting and
priming of the pumps and mechanical seal chamber ensuring that the pump is liquid
full prior to start-up.
5. Drain points on LPG pumps should be permanently blanked without valves.
2.5.4 Mechanical seals
For mechanical seal requirements, refer to DEP 31.29.02.30-Gen. and
DEP 31.29.00.33-Gen.
3. COMPRESSORS
3.1 GENERAL
1. For Compressor selection, refer to DEP 31.29.40.10-Gen.
Compressors provide a flexible means of transferring LPG vapours but are
generally restricted, in terms of performance; in their usage between systems where
differential pressures do not exceed around 2 bar (29 psi).
2. The compressor installation shall be designed so that condensate drains away from
the compressor.
Vapours may cool and condense in piping.
3. Compressors should be located as close as possible to the vessel being unloaded to
minimise friction in the long horizontal runs.
4. For Compressor installation requirements, refer to DEP 31.29.00.10-Gen.

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3.2 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

1. For requirements and recommendations pertaining to centrifugal compressors refer to
DEP 31.29.40.30-Gen.
3.3 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

Reciprocating compressors (essentially constant volume, variable pressure machines)
are used for services where the flow/pressure requirements would not allow the selection
of a centrifugal compressor, i.e., when small flow but high pressure is required. Refer to
DEP 31.29.40.10.Gen.
1. Refer to DEP 31.29.40.31-Gen for requirements and recommendations pertaining to
reciprocating compressors.
2. For LPG service, oil contamination of the gas shall be prevented.
3. The gas system SHALL [PS] be isolated from the lubrication system.
a. Refer to DEP 31.29.40.31-Gen.
3.4 SCREW COMPRESSORS

1. Oil-free screw compressors are not preferred as this type of compressor is considered
less reliable than the centrifugal and reciprocating compressor.
3.5 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

3.5.1 General
1. Refer to DEP 31.29.00.10-Gen. and DEP 31.29.40.10-Gen. for compressor installation
requirements.
2. Adequate ventilation of the location (to avoid flammable atmosphere) shall be ensured
in LPG service.
3.5.2 Piping
For piping requirements, refer to DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen.
3.5.2.1 Suction lines
1. Compressor suction lines shall be provided with suction strainers to remove solid
material, refer to (4).
3.5.2.2 Bypass lines
1. Bypass lines and valves shall be sized to take the full design flow rate of the
compressor units being bypassed.
3.5.2.3 Discharge lines
1. In the design of a liquid transfer system, using a compressor the lay-out and design of
the compressor discharge lines should be as short as possible to minimise head loss
in the compression system.
2. A non return valve shall be fitted as close to compressor to prevent back flow yhrough
the compressor.
In cold climates and/or with long discharge lines, insulation and/or tracing may also be
necessary.

February 2017
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3.5.3 Liquid knock-out facilities

1. Compressors shall be provided with Knock-out vessels (to prevent condensed product
from reaching the compressor).
2. Knock out vessels SHALL [PS] have double-valve draining/bleed systems.
3. Lines to and from the knock-out vessel shall be sloping towards this knock-out vessel.
4. A liquid high level emergency alarm with trip SHALL [PS] be provided on knock-out
vessels.
5. Proper consideration should be given to the application and selection of demister
devices in knock-out vessels.
a. Refer to DEP 31.22.05.12-Gen., Section 4., Sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.
3.5.4 Isolation, non-return and pressure relief valves
1. All compressors and their ancillaries (strainers, knock-out vessels, etc.) shall be
provided with isolation valves to enable the unit to be taken out of service for
maintenance.
a. Isolation valves should be with spectacle blinds.
2. Equipment upstream of centrifugal compressors shall be designed for a maximum
pressure rise between operating point and surge point.
Sizing of the upstream equipment for a possible large pressure rise could have a
significant economic impact.
3. If equipment upstream of a centrifugal compressor is not rated for the maximum
pressure rise between the operating point and surge point, a full flow pressure relief
valve (PRV) followed by a non-return valve SHALL [PS] be fitted immediately
downstream of the compressor to prevent back-flow.
4. Refer to API 617 for requirements pertaining to PRV for centrifugal compressors.
5. Reciprocating compressors SHALL [PS] be provided with PRVs set to protect the
system from pressures higher than the maximum working pressure.
6. Refer to API 618/DEP 31.29.40.31-Gen. for requirements pertaining to PRV for
reciprocating compressors.
7. Isolation and non return valve shall be suitable for operations at the low temperatures
which can occur during venting or depressurising.
3.5.5 Cooling water supply
1. In case cooling water is recommended by Compressor Manufacturer to cool the
compressor casing; i.e., especially for reciprocating compressors, the cooling water
supply temperature shall be at least 5 °C (9 °F) above the gas inlet temperature to
prevent condensation.
3.5.6 Anti-surge control
1. Centrifugal compressor systems SHALL [PS] be provided with an anti-surge control
and independent trip system to ensure that the compressor is operated with sufficient
margin (minimum 10%) away from the surge region.
2. Auxiliary systems SHALL [PS] be designed such that adequate lube and seal oil
pressure is maintained to obviate the need for system de-pressurisation and allow for
safe rundown of the compressor.
3.5.7 Purging facilities
1. Purging connections shall be provided on the inlet and discharge piping to facilitate
commissioning and maintenance of compressors.

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4. STRAINERS
Refer to DEP 31.29.00.10-Gen., DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen. and Standard Drawing S 38.002,
Standard Drawing S 38.004 and Standard Drawing S 38.041.
5. VALVES
1. For requirements pertaining to valves, refer to DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen.
2. For the selection and uses of the various types of valves, refer to
DEP 30.06.10.12-Gen.
In DEP 30.06.10.12 valves are described in relation to the systems in which they
perform their specific functions:
 Drain valves;
 Vent valves;
 Pressure relief valves;
 Emergency valves;
 Non-return valves;
 Excess flow valves;
 Thermal expansion relief valves.
A wide range of shut-off valves are available for LPG service, including ball, gate,
butterfly, plug or globe valves.
3. The various considerations for selection of shut-off valves for LPG service are as
follows:
a. The type of operation;
b. The service (including fire-safe features);
c. Piping class requirements, and
d. Economic factors.
4. Refer to DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. for fire safety requirements of all valves that might be
subjected to fire engulfment.
5. All valves that are part of LPG systems (including the emergency shutdown (ESD)
valves) shall be assessed for their likelihood of fire engulfment.
a. Refer to DEP 30.06.10.12-Gen.
6. ESD valves that might be subjected to fire engulfment, SHALL [PS] be fire-safe in
accordance with ISO 10497/API Spec. 6FA.
Although gate valves are considered to be fire-safe due to their all-metal
construction, they tend to leak when subjected to flame engulfment. Ball valves with
special two-piece valve seal designs, with a primary soft (PTFE) seal and a
secondary (back-up) metal seal, are also considered to be fire-safe. High-
performance butterfly valves, often with a triple seal design, also meet current
fire-safe requirements. Ball valves with PTFE sealing are recommended.
7. If the first valve in the bottom line of a vessel is larger than DN 150 (NPS 6), a gate
valve shall not be used.

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6. FLEXIBLE ARMS, HOSES AND COUPLINGS
7. MEASURING/CONTROL INSTRUMENTS
7.1 GENERAL
1. Suitable measurement and control equipment shall be installed in LPG pressure
storage facilities, to provide:
a. Operational measurement data and warning signals, should undesirable or
unsafe operating conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature and level) develop.
i. The same equipment giving warning signals may automatically initiate
corrective actions.
b. Measurement data with sufficient accuracy (minimum 98%) to ensure the
effective operation and control of stocks and custody transfers.
2. Instruments for LPG pressure storage facilities shall be selected and installed in
accordance with:
a. The safe operation procedures of the facilities which includes:
i. Presentation to the operator of measurement data,
ii. Facilities allowing maintenance and calibrations to be performed without
disturbing normal operations).
b. The required method of displaying operational and accounting measurement data
(e.g., local read-out only, or local read-out with data display in a central
operations or accounting centre).
Safety/operating aspects, local regulations and economic justifications will normally
determine the extent of automation (refer to DEP 32.31.00.32-Gen.).

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7.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

1. Instruments shall be LPG-compatible and suitable for operation at the design pressure
of the storage vessel.
2. Wetted parts of instruments shall be suitable for use with LPG containing traces of
sulphur, sodium hydroxide and other contaminants unless the absence of these can
be guaranteed.
3. If the presence of liquid LPG in the instrument tubing adversely affects instrument
performance, then instrument tubing shall drain into the vessel liquid space.
4. Instrument connections made to the liquid space SHALL [PS] vent to the vapour
space.
This is important because small temperature differences between the instrument
tubing and the storage vessel can cause vaporisation of liquid LPG or condensation
of gaseous LPG.
5. Glass gauges SHALL [PS] not be used.
6. Instruments that are not mounted in pockets which are an integral part of the vessel
(e.g., thermowells), shall be connected to the vapour space.
7. Instruments mounted on vessels in LPG service SHALL [PS] meet one or more of the
following) to minimise product loss in the event of failure:
a. Mounted in pockets that are integral to the vessel (e.g., thermowell);
b. Connected to the vapour space;
c. Provided with means to minimise product loss in the event of failure (e.g.,
restricted orifices or excess flow devices).
8. Instruments with a maintenance free (e.g., solid state) detachable sensor should be
preferred.
7.3 LEVEL GAUGING EQUIPMENT

1. LPG storage vessels shall be equipped with one self-revealing level gauge
(servo-operated or radar type). For requirements on level gauge, refer to
2. For operational information, the accuracy of level gauge shall be minimum 1% of
measuring span.
3. For accounting purposes, the resolution of the level gauge shall be approximately
2 mm (0.08 in) or equivalent.
Level gauges used for custody measurements usually require the approval of the
local authorities.
4. Ready verification of the datum setting shall be possible for calibration purposes.

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7.4 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

1. Pressure instruments shall be provided in the vapour space of LPG storage vessels.
For requirements on pressure instruments, refer to DEP 32.31.00.32-Gen.
2. Pressure measurements in the vapour space of LPG storage vessels shall be possible
for the following reasons:
a. as a check on product quality, as the vapour pressure is related to temperature
and product characteristics;
b. to enable the calculation of the liquid equivalent of the vapour phase;
c. as a safety check against overpressure.
Pressure gauges are also used for operational control purposes, e.g., pump
pressures and pipeline pressures.
7.5 TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

For requirements and recommendations on temperature measuring instruments, refer to
DEP 32.31.00.32-Gen.
7.6 WEIGHING EQUIPMENT

1. Only approved equipment meeting at least the requirements of the local regulations
shall be used.
Weighbridges with concrete or steel platforms for handling complete vehicles with
capacities up to 120 tonnes (264,000 lbs) are available. They may be equipped with
electronic ticket printers, etc.
2. Weighbridges should be protected from excessive wind forces.
3. Weighbridges shall be properly ventilated and drained.
7.7 QUALITY MEASURING INSTRUMENTS (QMIs)

7.7.1 General
1. For QMIs selection, refer DEP 32.31.50.10-Gen.
2. For a full description of LPG quality specifications, test procedures, methods and
equipment, refer to ASTM D 1835, EN 589 and ISO 9162.

February 2017
Page 17
7.7.2 Sampling equipment

1. High pressure sample containers or bombs shall be used for taking samples.
a. The size and type of the sampling bomb will depend upon the tests and analyses
required on the sample.
b. For requirements pertaining to sample containers, refer to ASTM D 1265.
7.8 METERING EQUIPMENT

7.8.1 General
For requirements pertaing to LPG metering equipment, refer to DEP 32.31.00.32-Gen.
If a vapour return line is not used, the meter indicates directly the transferred
quantity. Otherwise a correction has to be made for the returned vapour.
7.8.1.1 Metering equipment choice
Factors affecting the choice of meters:
 suitability for LPG service;
 required degree of accuracy and repeatability;
 range of ancillary equipment which can be combined with them;
 maximum flow rate turndown and operating pressure;
 price, delivery times, service and provision of spare parts.

February 2017
Page 18
7.8.1.2 Metering equipment performance

Factors affecting the performance of meters:
The use of Coriolis mass flow meters is the preferred option in LPG service. These
meters are unaffected by the fluid viscosity variations. Within the instrument density
boundaries, the Coriolis mass flow meter is not affected by density variations.
1. Coriolis mass flow meters should be used in preference to positive displacement
meters and turbine meters, subject to approval from local authorities.
Coriolis mass flow meters have no moving parts and in general do not require
accessories like strainers, gas eliminators or flow straighteners.
LPG has poor lubricating properties. This may create wear problems with the
moving elements of turbine and positive displacement (PD) meters. In some
designs of PD meters, forced outside lubrication can be employed. Other designs
rely on self-lubricating materials such as PTFE impregnated with glass fibre or
carbon, and PTFE plus lead-impregnated porous bronze.
2. Design and operation of metering systems shall ensure that back-pressure on the
meters is kept above the product vapour pressure.
Partial vaporisation will impair the accuracy of metering and may cause damage to
meters with moving parts, due to overspeeding and cavitations effects.
3. To ensure the absence of any gas, vapour eliminators shall be provided, unless the
system pressure is sufficiently high to eliminate the possibility of any gas being
present.
4. Both PD and turbine meters shall have filtering provision to filter the fluid.
PD meters require a finer degree of filtering because of the small clearances
between rotating parts and the meter casing.
For turbine meters the degree of filtering may be coarser as the meter has mainly to
be protected from the impact of large particles on the blades. The coarser particle
tolerance of turbine meters can be of great benefit as LPG can sometimes have a
heavy dirt load.
5. LPG has a high thermal coefficient of expansion and hence an accurate measurement
o
(to ± 2 C) of temperature shall be ensured to obtain volume correction to standard
temperatures.
a. It must be taken into account that the coefficient of expansion varies with product
composition.
LPG which contains traces of caustic soda as a result of processing deficiencies will
cause corrosion problems in metering systems with aluminium or aluminium alloy
components.

February 2017
Page 19
7.8.2 Metering installations

A typical layout for a metering installation is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Typical layout for a LPG metering station

February 2017
Page 20
1. If the pumping characteristics allow flow rates to exceed the maximum rated capacity
of the meter, a flow limiting valve or restriction orifice should be installed downstream
of the meter.
2. When the flow is too high to be handled by a single meter, two or more meters should
be connected in parallel.
a. For more than one meters in parallel, each meter should be protected by a flow
limiting valve.
3. For meters designed for flow in one direction only, a non-return valve shall be provided
to prevent flow in the reverse direction.
4. Connections to proving systems should be as closest to the associated meter.
5. A positive shut-off device should be provided to ensure that all products passing
through the meters enter the prover during proving.
a. This may be a combination of two valves with an intermediate bleed valve.
b. A single, specially designed gate valve with double seal (block and bleed) may
also be used for this purpose, possibly with cost and space advantages.
c. In the closed position, the integrity of the seals can be checked by an indicator
valve in the valve body.
7.8.3 Selection of flow meters
For selection criteria of flow meters, refer to DEP 32.31.00.32-Gen.
7.8.4 Meter prover systems
For requirements and recommendtions on meter prover system, refer to
DEP 32.31.00.32-Gen.
7.9 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION

For requirements and recommendtions on fire and gas detection system, refer to
7.10 FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Refer to DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. and DEP 80.47.10.31-Gen. for specific fire protection and
fire fighting needs.
8. ODORISING FACILITIES
8.1 INJECTION SYSTEMS

8.1.1 General
Odorant injection systems may differ according to the requirements of the individual
application. Factors influencing the choice of a system include the size of batches to be
odorised, whether consignments consist of a single batch as in bulk road vehicles or rail
tank wagons or multiple batches as in ships, and the available metering/control facilities
in the LPG stream. Three possible systems are discussed in (8.1.2), (8.1.3) and (8.1.4).
1. The following requirements apply for all odorant injection systems:
a. To avoid contamination of product in storage vessels and transfer lines, odorant
should be injected into pump delivery lines to cylinder/bulk filling points or into the
transport vessel itself.
b. All piping and vessels shall be thoroughly cleaned before putting them into
odorant service because of possible damage to fine tolerance metering, pumping
and control units.

February 2017
Page 21
8.1.2 Pressure injection system

Figure 3 shows a typical layout where the odorant measuring vessel can be filled with
sufficient odorant (one bulk load). The odorant is injected into the LPG line by the
pressure of the blanketing gas. Injection takes place either in one shot shortly after the
start of loading or gradually during loading under the control of a needle valve.
1. When injecting gradually under the control of a needle valve, the injection rate may be
checked by isolating the bottom of the sight glass and exposing it to the LPG line; refer
Figure 3.
2. To prevent the blanketing gas from entering the LPG line, the odorant valves shall be
closed immediately after completion of the LPG loading operation.
a. Automation of this shut-off may be considered, e.g., by using the no-flow signal
from the LPG line.
3. Pressure injection system is suitable for very constant LPG flows or for single batch
bulk loads, with proper supervision.
In the case of bulk loads, a single injection early during loading ensures proper
mixing with the LPG, due to the turbulence created in the receiving tank by the
incoming LPG.

February 2017
Page 22
Figure 3 Pressure injection system
8.1.3 Metering pump injection system

Figure 4 shows a typical flow scheme of an odorant injection system using a metering
pump. The injection quantity is controlled by the total injection time, pump stroke
frequency and/or the displaced volume per pump stroke.
The odorant flow rate is independent of the LPG flow. A timer stops the injection
automatically upon completion of odorant injection.
1. A pump 'running' visual signal may be provided to indicate the correct operation of the
system.

February 2017
Page 23
Figure 4 Metering pump injection system

February 2017
Page 24
8.1.4 Flow proportional injection system

In flow proportional injection system, (refer Figure 5), the LPG flow controls the operation
of the odorant injection pump to maintain the required odorant injection ratio at all LPG
flows.
The complete system is commercially available as a package.
This system is especially applicable when variable LPG flows have to be dealt with, e.g.,
when loading a number of tanks on board a ship.
1. The flow proportional injection process may be controlled by any or combination of the
following:
a. On-off operation (in the case of small, solenoid-operated pumps);
b. Pump stroke frequency;
c. Stroke volume.
In all cases, the pump is stopped when the LPG flow ceases.
2. Additional facilities (such as a pump 'running' visual signal) may be provided to
indicate proper operation of the system.
Figure 5 Flow proportional injection system

February 2017
Page 25
8.2 EQUIPMENT MATERIALS FOR HANDLING ODORANTS

1. Pure and dry odorants have minimum corrosive effect on carbon steel and CS can be
used when handling pure and dry odorants.
2. Stainless steel should be used, where intermittent exposure to liquid odorant and air is
unavoidable.
3. Copper and copper alloys shall not be used.
4. Mixing of water with odorants (ethyl mercaptan in particular) shall be prohibited.
5. The system shall be thoroughly dried before the introduction of odorant, in view of
corrosion problems.
9. AREA CLASSIFICATION, EARTHING AND BONDING
9.1 AREA CLASSIFICATION

1. For area classification criteria, refer to DEP 80.00.10.10-Gen. or,
DEP 80.00.10.13-Gen. (for North American application).
2. For construction and installation of electrical equipment in hazardous areas, refer to
DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. or DEP 33.64.20.10-Gen. (for North American installations).
9.2 EARTHING AND BONDING

1. For earthing and bonding requirements, refer to DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. or
DEP 33.64.20.10-Gen. (for North American installations).
2. All equipment used for handling LPG (other than hoses or loading arms connecting
ship to shore) shall be bonded and earthed.
3. Bonding/earthing stubs or connections shall be provided at all loading and discharge
points.
4. Tests to ensure electrical continuity shall be carried out.
a. When the connecting bolts does not provide the electrical continuity in a flanged
connection, bonding strips shall be fitted.
5. The resistance to earth shall be tested to ensure it is in accordance with the
requirements specified in 9.2 Item 1 thru 5.

February 2017
Page 26
10. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.
SHELL STANDARDS
DEP feedback form DEP 00.00.05.80-Gen.

Pressurised bulk storage installations for LPG DEP 30.06.10.12-Gen.
Receipt, filling and dispatch of LPG at depots and filling plants DEP 30.06.10.14-Gen.
Gas/liquid separators – Type selection and design rules DEP 31.22.05.11-Gen.
Installation of rotating equipment (amendments/supplements to DEP 31.29.00.10-Gen.
API RP 686)
Shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps DEP 31.29.00.33-Gen.
(amendments/supplements to ISO 21049:2004)
Pumps - Selection, testing and installation DEP 31.29.02.11-Gen.
Centrifugal pumps (amendments/supplements to ISO 13709) DEP 31.29.02.30-Gen.
Centrifugal submerged motor pumps and electro submersible DEP 31.29.06.30-Gen.
hydraulic turbines
Reciprocating positive displacement pumps and metering pumps DEP 31.29.12.30-Gen.
(amendments/supplements to API 674 and API 675)
Compressors - Selection, testing and installation DEP 31.29.40.10-Gen.
Axial, Centrifugal, and Expander compressors DEP 31.29.40.30-Gen.
(amendments/supplements to API Std. 617)
Reciprocating compressors (amendments/supplements to API 618) DEP 31.29.40.31-Gen.

Piping - General requirements DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen.
Fire, gas and smoke detection systems DEP 32.30.20.11-Gen.
Instruments for measurement and control DEP 32.31.00.32-Gen.
On-line process analysers DEP 32.31.50.10-Gen.
Electrical engineering design DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen.
Electrical engineering design for North American application DEP 33.64.20.10-Gen.
Area classification (amendments/supplements to IP 15) DEP 80.00.10.10-Gen.
Area classification and electrical equipment spacing for North DEP 80.00.10.13-Gen.
American application
Assessment of the fire safety of onshore installations DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen.
Active fire protection systems and equipment for onshore facilities DEP 80.47.10.31-Gen.
Design Engineering Manual 1 - Application of Technical Standards DEM 1
STANDARD DRAWINGS
Y-type strainers ANSI classes 150 and 300 S 38.002

Bucket-type suction strainers, carbon steel, ANSI class 150 S 38.004
Temporary strainer for compressors S 38.041

February 2017
Page 27
AMERICAN STANDARDS
Specification for fire test for valves API Spec. 6FA

Axial and centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for API 617
petroleum, chemical and gas industry services
Reciprocating compressors for petroleum, chemical, and gas industry API 618
services
Positive Displacement Pumps - Controlled Volume API 675
Standard practice for sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) gases ASTM D 1265
(manual method)
Standard specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) gases ASTM D 1835
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Automotive fuels - Requirements and test methods EN 589
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Petroleum Products - Fuels (class F) - Liquefied petroleum gases – ISO 9162

Specifications
Testing of valves -Fire type-testing requirements - Third Edition ISO 10497


Spec 2017 02 A00 Equipment in LPG Processing Installations

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DEP SPECIFICATION

EQUIPMENT IN LPG PROCESSING INSTALLATIONS

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

© 2017 Shell Group of companies

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1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

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ESD Emergency Shutdown

LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

NPSHA Net Positive Suction Head (Available)

QMIs Quality Measuring Instruments

1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

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2.2 PUMP SELECTION

2.3 NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD

2.4 DIFFERENTIAL HEAD

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Figure 1 Diagrammatic illustration of differential head and NPSH A

Table 1: Differential head and NPSHA

Ps Pressure in supply vessel

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2.5 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

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2.5.2.3 Bypass lines/'no flow' cut-off

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3.3 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

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3.5.3 Liquid knock-out facilities

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7.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

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7.4 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

7.5 TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

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