ABE Board Exam Reviewer Part III by Arthur Tambong 2022

josolfj@gmail.
com 22 Aug 2022
ABE BOARD EXAM

REVIEWER
Part III
Arthur It. Tambong, FPSAE
josolfj@gmail.com 22 Aug 2022
ABE Board Exam Reviewer

Part III
Copyright © 2022 by Arthur It. Tambong, FPSAE
All rights reserved. Keeping this ebook in any form without proof of personal purchase shall be
considered a violation of the intellectual property right of the author by both the ebook keeper
and the buyer associated with the email address printed at the top of pages.
GENERAL COVERAGE
Rural Electrification, Agricultural Processing,

Agricultural Structures and Allied Subjects
SPECIFIC COVERAGE BASED ON PRC TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS
I. Rural Electrification (25%) – Page 3

II. Agricultural Processing (30%) – Page 15
III. Agricultural Buildings and Structures (35%) – Page 20
IV. Waste Management (10%) – Page 35
ESTIMATED COMPOSITION OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

BY DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY
Easy – 40%
Moderate – 30%
Difficult – 30%
2
BOARD REVIEW QUESTIONS
INSTRUCTIONS:
Select the best answer.

Shade the corresponding box of your answer on your answer sheet (provided during the exam).
Give only one answer for each question.
Do not make any unnecessary marking in your answer sheet.
I. Rural Electrification (25%)
A. General Knowledge
Easy Questions
1. States that the voltage or potential difference between two points is directly proportional to
the current or electricity passing through the resistance and directly proportional to the
resistance of the circuit.
A. Ohm's law B. Voltage law C. Amperage law D. Electrical law
Answer: A
2. Based on the 2009 Philippine Electrical Code, what is the minimum conductor size in mm 2 for
a voltage rating of 0-2,000 volts when using copper wire?
A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
Answer: A
3. A farmhouse requires a minimum conductor size of 2 mm 2 which is equivalent to AWG ____.
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
Answer: C (AWG 14 has 2.08 mm2 conductor size, AWG 16 should not be used in houses.
Except for the drop wire, the common household wires are AWG nos. 10, 12 & 14.)
4. Which electrical wire in the list below has the biggest cross-sectional area?
A. AWG 14 B. AWG 12 C. AWG 10 D. AWG 8
Answer: D
3
5. Which type of electrical wire has a maximum operating temperature of 90 oC?
A. THW B. RHW C. THHN D. THWN
Answer: C
6. Based on the Phil. Electrical Code, what is the minimum conductor size in mm 2 for a voltage
rating of 2,001-8,000 volts when using copper, aluminum or copper-clad aluminum wire?
A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
Answer: 8
7. If V is voltage, I is current and P is power, according to Ohm's law, V is equal to _____.
A. P/I B. IR C. I/P D. I2R
Answer: B
8. Ohm's law is applicable to _____.
A. DC only B. AC only C. Both DC and AC D. DC but not AC
Answer: C
9. Ohm's law applies to both AC and DC circuits as long as mutual _________ of the circuit is
considered.
A. Resistance B. Capacitance C. Conductance D. Inductance
Answer: D
10. The resistivity of annealed copper in ohm meters at 20 oC.
A. 1.72 x 10-8 B. 1.59 x 10-8 C. 1.68 x 10-8 D. 2.65 x 10-8
Answer: A
11. The resistance of a certain length of wire can be obtained by multiplying its ________ with
its length and dividing the resulting product by the cross-sectional area of the wire.
A. Conductivity B. Resistivity C. Malleability D. Ductility
Answer: B
4
12. A farmstead has its farthest load located 350 linear meters from a single phase power source.
What length of the wire in meters should be used in the voltage loss computation?
A. 350 B. 600 C. 700 D. 500
Answer: C
13. In connecting electricity from a post to a farmhouse, a ______ wire is needed.
A. Transmission B. Drop C. Automotive D. Electrical
Answer: B
14. The minimum wire size for a farmhouse drop wire.
A. AWG 4 B. AWG 6 C. AWG 8 D. AWG 10
Answer: B
15. A solar powered slaughterhouse uses electrical stunning gun to make the animals insensible
to pain before the slaughter. What should be the voltage of the stunning gun?
A. 12 Vdc B. 24 Vdc C. 220 Vdc D. 220 Vac
Answer: D
16. Based on PAES 419:2000, the recommended lighting intensity in lux (lumen/m 2) for fruit
and vegetable processing plant are: 100 for outside the building, 200 for general indoor
locations, and ___ for working tables.
A. 300 B. 500 C. 400 D. 600
Answer: B
17. A poultry layer area requires a brightness of 1,600 lumens. What is the wattage of a daylight-
color LED bulb that shall be used?
A. 100 B. 80 C. 75 D. 60
Answer: A (since a 100-watt daylight-color LED bulb brightens by about 1,600 lumens)
5
Moderate Questions
Before answering questions, first memorize the formulas in the Ohm’s law formula wheel. Such
that it is visible to you while answering questions, write a small version of this in the blank space
of your questionnaire unless instructed otherwise, but never on your answer sheet since you are
not allowed to make any unnecessary marking in your answer sheet. Normally, your questionnaire
also serves as your scratch paper. With this formula wheel written on your questionnaire, you can
quickly make solutions by directly using a calculator. Time is very limited in board examinations.
The formula wheel has inner and outer wheels and divided in four quadrants. The inner wheel
contains the unknown variables: Amperage I in amperes in the first quadrant, Resistance R in ohms
in the second quadrant, Voltage V in volts in the third quadrant, and Power P in watts in the fourth
quadrant.
The outer wheel indicates the corresponding 3 possible formulas for each unknown in the inner
wheel. The specific formula to be used depends on the known values. For example, if I and R are
known and V needs to be determined, then you can use the formula V=IR in the third quadrant.
In some cases, one or more values of variables in the formulas need to be computed first in order
to be known. For example, if current I is asked in the problem given the voltage V plus the length,
cross-sectional area and temperature of the wire. To solve this using the first quadrant, compute
for the resistance R first using the length, cross-sectional area and temperature of the wire. Then,
use I=V/R to determine the current I. Alternatively, you can determine the current I using any other
quadrants. To solve complex problems, you may need to use one or more quadrants.
Figure 1. The Ohm’s law formula wheel (source: Gigacalculator.com, 2022)
6
18. What is the voltage needed to light a 1-ampere LED bulb having a resistance of 220 ohms?
A. 1 volt B. 220 volts C. 2 volts D. 110 volts
Answer: B
Solution:
Applying the formula V=IR in the third quadrant of the formula wheel,
V = IxR
= (1 A) x (220 ohms)
= 220 volts
19. How many amperes will pass through a circuit having ten 22-watt LED bulbs if the source is
220 volts?
A. 1 watt B. 220 watts C. 2 watts D. 110 watts
Answer: A
Solution:
Applying the formula I=P/V in the fourth quadrant of the formula wheel,
I = P/V
= (10 x 22 w) / (220 v)
= 1 Amp
20. What is the electrical energy consumption of a 15-kw vermin cast production shredder
plugged in a 220-volt source if it requires 2 hours to shred 1.5 tonnes of farm waste?
A. 0.02 kwh/kg B. 0.04 kwh/kg C. 0.06 kwh/kg D. 0.08 kwh/kg
Answer: A
Solution:
Ec = PcTo / Wi
= 15 kw (2 h) / 1,500 kg
= 0.02 kwh/kg
7
Difficult Questions
21. Solid annealed copper has a resistivity of 1.72 x 10-8 ohm-meter at 20 oC. What is the
resistance in ohm-meter per linear meter of AWG 10 solid annealed copper wire having a
diameter of 2.588 mm?
A. 3.27x10-3 ohms B. 2.6x10-3 ohms C. 5.5x10-3 ohms D. 3.72x10-3 ohms
Answer: A
Solution:
Determining the cross-sectional are of the wire in square meters,
A = 3.1416 x (Diameter)2 / 4
= 3.1416 x (2.588 mm x 1 m/1000 mm)2 / 4
= 5.26 x 10-6 m2
Determining the resistance of AWG 10 solid annealed copper wire per linear meter,
R = Resistivity x Length / Cross-sectional area
= (1.72 x 10-8 ohm-m) x (1 m) / (5.26 x 10-6 m2)
= 3.27 x 10-3 ohms
22. A 240-volt industrial incubator uses a pair of 25-meter 7-strand AWG 10 copper wire having
a resistance of 3.87x10-3 ohm per linear meter at 65 oC. The heating load of the incubator is
composed of twelve 100-watt heating coils. What is the expected current in the main wire?
A. 30 A B. 3 A C. 0.03 A D. 0.3 A
Answer: C
Solution:
Determining coil resistance R1 using the formula R=V2/P in the second quadrant,
R1 = No. of coils x V2/P
= 12 x (240 v)2 / 100 w
= 6,912 ohms
Determining total resistance R,
R = [No. of wires x (Resistance per unit length x Length)] + Coil resistance
= [2 wires x (3.87x10-3 ohm/m x 25 m)] + 6,912 ohms
= 0.19 ohms + 6,912 ohms
= 6,912.19 ohms
Determining the current I using the formula I=V/R in the first quadrant of the formula wheel,
I = V/R
= 240 volts / 6,912.19 ohms
= 0.03 amp.
8
B. Application of Renewable Energy in Rural Electrification
Easy Questions
1. In off-grid farmhouse electrification, which one has the lowest operation and maintenance
cost?
A. Solar Home System B. Hydro power plant C. Diesel generator D. Grid extension
Answer: A
2. Which one has the highest operation and maintenance cost?
Answer: C
3. In off-grid barangay electrification located 3 kilometers from the electricity grid, which one
is recommended?
Answer: D
4. Which electricity source has no greenhouse gas emission?
Answer: A
5. Which electricity source has the highest greenhouse gas emission?
Answer: C
6. To minimize power loss, which equipment is needed to transform DC electricity from a

centralized solar power plant into AC electricity before transmitting it to distributed 220-volt
farmstead electrical devices?
9
A. Inverter B. Transformer C. Converter D. Transmitter
Answer: A
Moderate Questions
7. A 950-kw cassava flour processing plant is to be powered using hydro. Which electricity
source will you use recommend?
A. Picohydro B. Microhydro C. Minihydro D. Small hydro
Answer: C (Under the Philippine classification, minihydro is over 100 kw up to 10 mw)
8. A 3 hectare hillside farm is to be energized. It is 20 meters below a river having a dependable

summer discharge of 50 liters/second. Which electricity source will you use recommend?
Answer: B (Picohydro is up to 5 kw only while mini and small hydros are oversized)
9. The 1-kw lighting of a farmstead is to be energized using hydropower. It is 10 meters below

a creek having a dependable summer discharge of 5 liters/second. Which hydropower will
you recommend for development?
Answer: A (since power requirement is less than 5 kw, picohydro is recommended)
10. An 8-bladed horizontal axis windmill with 12-meter tall tower has 2.5-m diameter rotor.
Estimate the power output in watts using the rule of thumb formula. Average windspeed in
the site is 3.2 m/s.
A. 61 B. 17 C. 71 D. 16
Answer: D
Solution:
Using the rule of thumb formula, this takes efficiency into consideration
P = 0.1 AV3, P is power output in watts, A is rotor area in m2, V is windspeed in m/s
= 0.1 [3.14 x (2.5 m)2/4] [3.2 m/s] 3
= 16.08 watts
10
11. How many households can be powered by a minihydro having a power generation output of
500 kw if an average household consumes 1 kw and power loss is 15%?
A. 245 B. 425 C. 452 D. 524
Answer: B
Solution:
No. of households = (Power Output – Power Loss) / Average household consumption

= (500 kw – 0.15 (500 kw) / 1 kw
= 425 households
12. A battery bank of a centralized solar power generator needs to store energy in a 48-volt DC
system to power a cassava processing plant. If each battery is 12 volts, how many batteries
are there in series?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 2 D. 15
Answer: A
Solution:
No. of batteries in series = System Voltage / Battery nominal voltage

= 48 volts / 12 volts
= 4 batteries in series
13. An off-grid tomato processing plant has 48-volt output battery bank composed of 60 units of
12-volt automotive batteries. How many batteries are there in parallel?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 2 D. 15
Answer: D
Solution:
No. of batteries in series = System Voltage / Battery nominal voltage

= 48 volts / 12 volts
= 4 batteries in series
No. of batteries in parallel = Total number of batteries / No. of batteries in series

= 60 total batteries / 4 batteries in series
= 15 batteries in parallel
11
Difficult Questions
14. How kilowatts can be generated from a waterfall having a discharge of 1 m 3/s, reliable head
of 100 meters during summers and system efficiency of 60%?
A. 588 B. 598 C. 589 D. 859
Answer: C
Solution:
P = 9.81 QHE, P in kw, Q in m3/s, H in m, E in ratio
= 9.81 (1 m3/s) (100 m) (0.6)
= 588.6 kw
15. A hydropower resource with water outlet 95 meters high from ground surface has fluctuating
discharge of 1.8 m3/s during summers and 3.5 m3/s during rainy months. How many
megawatts can be generated at the powerhouse placed below the ground surface with the
turbine water inlet 30 meters below ground level? Assume a reliable system efficiency of
60%.
A. 1.32 B. 1.23 C. 2.13 D. 3.12
Answer: A
Solution:
Use the minimum discharge, include depth of turbine water inlet to the head.
P = 9.81 QHE, P in kw, Q in m3/s, H in m, E in ratio

= 9.81 (1.8 m3/s) (95 m + 30 m) (0.6)
= 1,324 kw x 1 MW/1,000 kw
= 1.32 MW
16. A centralized solar power plant with DC to AC inverter is used to electrify a farmstead using
75 watt-peak solar modules of the same brand. How many kilowatts-hours of energy in an
average day of 5 hours sensible sunlight can be generated by 100 units of solar modules if
inversion efficiency is 85%, module matching efficiency is 95% and transmission efficiency
from modules to centralized battery bank is 95%?
A. 28 B. 29 C. 30 D. 31
Answer: B
Solution:
P = No. of modules x Power rating x Sunlight hours x Inversion eff x Match eff x Trans. eff
= 100 x 0.075 kw x 5 hours 0.85 x 0.95 x 0.95
= 28.77 kwh
12
C. Electronics, Instrumentation and Control in Rural Electrification
Easy Questions
1. The board used in Arduino open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software which is able to read inputs like light on a sensor, temperature reading, a finger
on a button, or a Twitter message and can turn these inputs into outputs like activating a
motor, turning on an LED, turning on a solenoid valve, or publishing something online.
A. Microcontroller B. Integrated circuit C. Microchip D. Switch board
Answer: A
2. An Arduino microcontroller is used to activate mist sprinkler system for 10 minutes every
time the greenhouse temperature rises above a certain level. What device is best turned on by
the microcontroller to start the mist sprinklers?
A. Mist sprinkler B. Gate valve C. Solenoid valve D. Power switch
Answer: C
3. The name given to Arduino code files which serve as instructions to the microcontroller.
A. Program B. Sketch C. Control D. App
Answer: B
4. Part of solar module needed such that solar charging is continuous at slower rate when
partially shaded by trees.
A. Blocking diode B. Bypass diode C. Shading diode D. Lightning diode
Answer: B
5. A diode needed as protection against lightning in solar installations.
A. Bypass diode B. Shading diode C. Blocking diode D. Lightning diode
Answer: C
6. The common pin, made as the pair to other pins, in integrated circuits (ICs).
13
A. +12 Vdc input B. +5 Vdc output C. Ground D. Binary output
Answer: C
7. An integrated circuit (IC) included as an important part of electronic instrumentation for

gathering speed and discharge real-time data.
A. Voltage reducer B. Variable resistor C. Timer D. Sensor
Answer: C
8. Which one is an integrated circuit (IC) used in instrumentation and control?
A. ES 8813 B. LM 333 C. CQ 556 D. TD 8062
Answer: B
9. What voltage is appropriate in remote instrumentation?
A. 5, 7 and 9 Vdc B. 7 Vdc C. 9 Vdc D. 5 Vdc
Answer: A
10. Data transmission to a remote, unelectrified and line-of-sight point is best done through ___.
A. Fiber optics B. Email C. Radio frequency D. Fax
Answer: C
11. In automatic control of irrigation dam gates, what switch is useful in the instrumentation?
A. Automatic transfer switch B. Pressure switch C. Power switch D. Time switch
Answer: A
12. Switch for automatic pump motor control of sealed water tanks in drip irrigation systems.
A. Automatic transfer switch B. Pressure switch C. Power switch D. Time switch
Answer: B
14
II. Agricultural Processing (30%)

Easy Questions
1. Under PAES 418:2002, washing of tomato is done by using ____% chlorox solution applied
by dipping, spraying or wiping with a damp cloth then drying the fruit before packing.
A. 0.5% B. 1% C. 1.5% D. 0%
Answer: B
2. Based on PAES 419:2000, the recommended optimum stack height in meters for storage of
both paddy and rice grains.
A. 4.27 B. 4.57 C. 4.75 D. 5.47
Answer: A
3. What standard shall be followed in constructing large-scale poultry dressing/slaughtering

plants?
A. PAES 422-1:2012 B. PAES 422-2:2012 C. PAES 422:2012 D. PAES 422-3:2012
Answer: B
4. Based on PAES 419:2000, the recommended optimum stack height for storage of wheat,
barley and maize grains.
A. 4.27 B. 4.57 C. 4.75 D. 5.47
Answer: B
5. PAES 419:2000 requires that food grains stored in a warehouse for bagged storage are in the
range of 12 to ____ % moisture content prior to storing.
A. 12 B. 12.5 C. 13 D. 14
Answer: D
6. The Philippine standard for grading and classification of paddy and milled rice grains.
15
A. PNS/BAFS 290:2019 B. PNS 42:2019 C. PNS 162:2015 D. PNS 194:2017
Answer: A
7. The Philippine standard for code of practice and postproduction of organic milled rice.
Answer: B
8. The Philippine standard for Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of pesticide residues in rice.
Answer: C
9. The Philippine general standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed.
Answer: D
10. Industrial bottling of virgin coconut oil prints a batch number. What is the main purpose of
this batch number?
A. Product recall B. Bottle identification C. Expiry indicator D. Serial number
Answer: A
11. Which one is not a part of a vertical feed mixer?
A. Conveyor B. Hopper C. Discharge chute D. Screw
Answer: A
12. A feed mixer tested to have mixing coefficient of variation of 10-15% is rated as _____.
A. Poor B. Fair C. Very good D. Good
16
Answer: D
13. As a standard, stripping efficiency of the mechanized stripping machine shall be at least
A. 80% B. 70% C. 85% D. 90%
Answer: A
Moderate Questions
14. What is the percent moisture content in dry basis of a rice sample having 100 grams and 82
grams wet and dry weights?
A. 18 B. 21 C. 22 D. 25
Answer: C
Solution:
MCdb = 100% x (Wet weight – Dry weight) / Dry weight

= 100% x (100 gm – 82 gm) / 82 gm
= 21.95%
15. What is the percent moisture content in wet basis of a corn sample having 100 grams and 82
grams wet and dry weights?
A. 18 B. 21 C. 22 D. 25
Answer: A
Solution:
MCwb = 100% x (Wet weight – Dry weight) / Wet weight

= 100% x (100 gm – 82 gm) / 100 gm
= 18%
16. A dried palay sample was milled using a rubber roller laboratory rice mill. After milling, the
weight of whole milled grains, broken milled grains, and hull were 25 g, 305 g and 170 g,
respectively. The milled rice was classified as Class A. Determine the percent head rice.
A. 4% B. 5% C. 6% D. 7%
17
Answer: B
Solution:
Percent Head rice = 100% (Weight of whole grains) / Total weight

= 100% (25 kg) / (25 g + 305 g +170 g)
= 5%
17. A 3.1-tonne capacity Jatropha oil expeller was loaded full with dried Jatropha seeds in 4
minutes. It produced 1200 kg of crude oil in 3 hours. What is its crude oil production rate?
A. 200 kg/min B. 400 kg/h C. 600 kg/h D. 600 kg/min
Answer: B
Solution:
Poil = Weight of crude oil collected / Total time

= 1,200 kg /3 h
= 400 kg/h
18. A Jatropha oil expeller was loaded with 2.2 tonnes dried Jatropha seeds. It produced 700 kg
of crude oil in 5 hours. What is its Jatropha cake production rate?
A. 700 kg/h B. 500 kg/h C. 400 kg/h D. 300 kg/h
Answer: D
Solution:
Pcake = Weight of resulting cake produced / Total time

= (2,200 kg seed - 700 kg oil) /5 h
= 300 kg/h
18
Difficult Questions
19. A 21-tonne capacity coconut oil expeller was loaded full with grated copra. It produced 9,000
kg of crude oil in 12 hours. What is the copra cake production rate of the machine at 97%
cake collection efficiency?
A. 392 kg/h B. 600 kg/h C. 588 kg/h D. 970 kg/h
Answer: D
Solution:
Pcake = [(Wt. of copra input - Wt. of crude oil collected )/ Total time] x Eff
= [(21,000 kg - 9,000 kg) / 12 h] x 0.97
= 970 kg/h
20. How many tonnes of agricultural waste is needed annually to optimally operate a 27-ampere
9-kw vermi cast production shredder having a capacity of 0.27 tonne of waste per hour? It
optimally operates 16 hours daily during the 3-month peak sunny months and 8 h/day at 26
days/month for the rest of the year.
A. 810 B. 512 C. 894 D. 521
Answer: C
Solution:
Wt = Input Rate x (Peak Operating Time + Lean Operating Time)

= [0.27 tonne/h][ (16 h/d x 30 d/mo x 3 mo/yr)+ (8 h/d x 26 d/mo x 9 mos/yr)]
= 894 tonnes /yr
19
III. Agricultural Buildings and Structures (35%)
A. General Knowledge
Easy Questions
1. As prescribed in PAES 419:2000, in constructing the walls of a warehouse for bagged
storage of grains, the wall should use _____ mm thick concrete hollow blocks with 12 mm
diameter reinforcing bars at horizontal and vertical spacing of 600 mm.
A. 100 B. 150 C. 200 D. 250
Answer: B
2. Known as the National Building Code of the Philippines.
A. PD 1096 B. RA 1096 C. PD 1069 D. RA 1906
Answer: A
3. Type of the building that is made of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction.
A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV
Answer: D
4. PAES 419:2000 requires that a normal-temperature warehouse intended for storage of bagged
grains shall have a minimum interior height between the beam and floor of ____ meters.
A. 3 B. 4. C. 5 D. 6
Answer: D
5. Under PAES 418:2002, in constructing a primary processing plant for fresh fruit and
vegetable, the windowsill shall be at least _____ m from the finished floor line.
A. 0.5 B. 0.75 C. 1 D. 1.25
Answer: C
20
6. Under PAES 418:2002, in constructing a primary processing plant for fresh fruit and
vegetable, the doors shall have a minimum width of _____ m.
A. 1 B. 1.5 C. 1.25 D. 1.75
Answer: B
7. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights of not less than
______ meters measured from the floor to the ceiling (PD 1096).
A. 2.1 B. 2.4 C. 2.7 D. 2.8
Answer: B
8. Smallest dimension in centimeters of concrete hollow blocks in the Philippines.
A. 10x20x40 B. 15x20x40 C. 20x20x40 D. 25x20x40
Answer: A
9. For buildings of more than one storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be
_____ meters and that for the second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storeys shall have an
unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished
floor (PD 1096).
A. 2.1 B. 2.4 C. 2.7 D. 2.8
Answer: C
9. All buildings located in areas where there is no sanitary sewerage system shall dispose their
sewage to imhoff tank or ___________ and subsurface absorption field (PD 1096).
A. Imhoff tank B. Septic tank C. Waste tank D. Water tank
Answer: B
10. A tank for sewage consisting of an upper or sedimentation chamber with sloping floor
leading to slots through which the solids settle to the lower sludge-digestion chamber.
A. Imhoff tank B. Septic tank C. Waste tank D. Water tank
21
Answer: A
11. Based on the Building Code, when excavating near adjoining buildings the owners of
adjoining buildings shall be notified in writing at least how many days before excavation?
A. 10 B. 7 C. 15 D. 30
Answer: A
12. As provided in the Building Code, when curing concrete made from ordinary portland
cement, the concrete shall be maintained above 10 degrees Celsius and in moist condition for
the first how many days at least?
A. 30 B. 10 C. 15 D. 7
Answer: D
13. When curing concrete made from high strength portland cement, what is the minimum curing
time in days as provided in the Building Code?
A. 1 B. 5 C. 3 D. 7
Answer: C
14. What percentage of concrete strength is reached at the end of the first week?
A. 70% B. 50% C. 33% D. 80%
Answer: A
15. The initial setting of concrete starts in the first how many hours after concrete mixing?
A. 1-1.5 B. 4-5 C. 2-3 D. 6-7.5
Answer: C
16. Wood stick or board nailed horizontally at the stake which serves as the horizontal plane
where the reference points of building measurements are established.
22
A. Batter board B. Reference board C. Building reference D. Stake plane
Answer: A
17. In building construction, which step comes next to checking building permit?
A. Locating boundaries B. Staking C. Clearing D. Temporary fencing
Answer: A
18. To establish an accurate 90-degree corner in a building layout, what will you use?
A. 45 degrees triangle B. Carpenter’s square C. Whole plywood D. Carpenter’s level
Answer: C
19. Material other than portland cement, aggregate, or water that is added to concrete to modify
concrete properties.
A. Proofer B. Admixture C. Refiner D. Additive
Answer: B
20. What is the equivalent compressive strength of ordinary concrete in kg per square centimeter
for 2,500 psi?
A. 176 B. 1,136 C. 388 D. 5,500
Answer: A
21. To attain about 3,000 psi compressive strength in non-air entrained concrete, how many liters
of water should be added per bag of cement?
A. 27.6 B. 22 C. 25 D. 19
Answer: C
22. When using 0.75 inch nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate, what is the estimated
percentage of air content by volume in concrete?
23
A. 6-10 B. 4-8 C. 5-9 D. 3-6
Answer: B
23. When made of normal weight aggregate, what should be the maximum water-cement ratio of
concrete that is intended to be watertight when exposed to fresh water?
A. 0.44 B. 0.48 C. 0.42 D. 0.40
Answer: B
24. For a concrete agricultural structure made from normal weight aggregate and in contact with
sea water, what should be the maximum water-cement ratio for it to be watertight?
A. 0.48 B. 0.42 C. 0.44 D. 0.40
Answer: C
25. The weight in kilograms of a 6-meter long standard 10 mm diameter reinforcing bar.
A. 1.3 B. 3.7 C. 2.2 D. 5.3
Answer: B
26. The cross-sectional area in square millimeters of a standard 16 mm diameter reinforcing bar.
A. 201.1 B. 113.1 C. 314.2 D. 280.13
Answer: A
27. In a wall footing, the horizontal steel reinforcement is said to be normally adequate if steel
cross sectional area relative to concrete cross sectional area is ________.
A. 0.02-0.03% B. 0.4-0.5% C. 0.2-0.3% D. 1-2%
Answer: C
28. What is the least number of longitudinal bars in a tied concrete column?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 6
24
Answer: B
29. What is the minimum diameter of longitudinal bars in a tied concrete column?
A. 8 mm B. 10 mm C. 16 mm D. 12 mm
Answer: C
30. Based on ACI Code, what is the minimum diameter of lateral ties in a tied concrete column
for 32 mm or smaller longitudinal bars?
A. 6 mm B. 10 mm C. 8 mm D. 12 mm
Answer: B
31. Based on ACI Code, what is the minimum diameter of lateral ties in a tied concrete column
for 36 to 57 mm and bundled longitudinal bars?
A. 6 mm B. 8 mm C. 12 mm D. 10 mm
Answer: C
32. Based on ACI Code, the maximum spacing of lateral ties in a tied concrete column should
not be more than _____ times the diameter of the longitudinal bars.
A. 24 B. 16 C. 32 D. 48
Answer: B
33. Based on ACI Code, the maximum spacing of lateral ties in a tied concrete column should
not be more than _____ times the diameter of the lateral ties.
A. 16 B. 24 C. 48 D. 32
Answer: C
25
Moderate Questions
34. Based on the standards of American Concrete Institute (ACI), what are the minimum width
and minimum concrete depth, respectively, of a square independent column footing carrying
9 tonnes load if soil pressure is 2,000 psf?
A. 4.67’, 10” B. 3.33’, 10” C. 5.75’, 12” D. 6.6’,13”
Answer: B (Based on ACI Table of Safe Load for Square Independent Column Footing)
35. Using the standards of American Concrete Institute, specify the total number and size of
horizontal reinforcing bars needed for a concrete square column footing of a farmhouse
carrying 18 tonnes load if soil pressure is 2,000 psf and concrete compressive strength is
2,500 psi.
A. 4 pcs.10 mm B. 8 pcs.10 mm C. 16 pcs.12 mm D. 8 pcs.12 mm

Answer: C (Based on ACI Table of Safe Load for Square Independent Column Footing)
Difficult Questions
36. Determine the lateral ties spacing for a concrete column of a farmhouse having 36 cm x 40
cm side dimension. It uses 22 mm longitudinal bars and 10 mm lateral ties.
A. 30.2 cm B. 36.6 cm C. 35.2 cm D. 48.6 cm
Answer: C
Solution:
Spacing based on longitudinal or vertical bar diameter, Sv

Sv = 16 x vertical bar diameter
= 16 x 2.2 cm
= 35.2 cm
Spacing based on lateral tie or horizontal bar diameter, Sh

Sh = 48 x horizontal bar diameter
= 48 x 1 cm
= 48 cm
Spacing based on side dimension of tied column, Ss

Ss = shortest side dimension of column
= 36 cm
Lateral ties spacing = smallest of Sv, Sh and Ss

= 35.2 cm
26
B. Farm-to-Market Roads
Easy Questions
1. Based on Farm-to-Market Road (FMR) standard, PAES 421:2009, if the slope of an FMR
exceeds ___%, concrete-lined or masonry-lined ditch should be provided.
A. 4% B. 5% C. 6% D. 7%
Answer: A
2. Granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, crushed and uncrushed
stone or lightweight materials.
A. Aggregates B. Pebbles C. Crushed stones D. Granules
Answer: A
3. The minimum carriageway of one-lane and two-lane farm-to-market roads, respectively,

excluding the road shoulders, shall be ______.
A. 3.5 and 7 m B. 3 and 6 m C. 2 and 4 m D. 2.5 and 5 m
Answer: C
4. In lateral and sub-lateral irrigation canals where the available roadway width is 3 meters, the
carriageway and shoulder, respectively, of the farm-to-market road shall be _______.
A. 2.8 and 0.2 m B. 2 and 0.5 m C. 2.4 and 0.3 m D. 2 and 1 m
Answer: B
5. In main irrigation canals where the available roadway width is 6 meters, the shoulder and
carriageway, respectively, of the farm-to-market road shall be ______.
A. 0.5 and 5 m B. 0.5 and 4.5 C. 1 and 4 m D. 1 and 5 m
Answer: C
6. For gravel and bituminous farm-to-market roads, the minimum slope from the centerline
towards the ditch shall be ______.
27
A. 1% B. 2% C. 2.5% D. 3%
Answer: D
7. For concrete farm-to-market roads, the maximum slope from the centerline towards the ditch
shall be ______.
A. 5% B. 3% C. 1.5% D. 2.5%
Answer: C
8. For farm-to-market roads constructed along the main, lateral and sub-lateral irrigation canals,
the run:rise side slope of the earth embankment shall be ______.
A. 2:1 B. 1.5:1 C. 1:1 D. 0.5: 1
Answer: B
9. In farm-to-market roads, the minimum radius of curvature for flat, rolling and mountainous
terrains, respectively, shall be ______.
A. 75, 50 & 5 m B. 500, 150 & 50 m C. 150, 100 & 50 m D. 600, 200 & 100 m
Answer: B
10. In a bituminous farm-to-market road, what course is the third layer from the top?
A. Aggregate subbase B. Aggregate C. Aggregate base D. Earth
Answer: A
11. As an engineer, what thickness of the portland cement concrete pavement will you use in a
two-lane farm-to-market road?
A. 10 cm B. 20 cm C. 15 cm D. 25 cm
Answer: B
28
12. In concrete farm-to-market road construction, what plus or minus in thickness variation will
you allow in the portland cement concrete pavement?
A. 10 mm B. 20 mm C. 30 mm D. 40 mm
Answer: B
13. As a minimum, all culverts and storm drains used in relation with farm-to-market roads
should be designed using a storm of two-year return period and duration of ______.
A. 6 hours B. 12 hours C. 24 hours D. 18 hours
Answer: C
14. Culverts and storm drains have ideal slope of 2-4 %. What is the absolute minimum slope for
culverts and storm drains?
A. 0.75 % B. 0.5 % C. 1 % D. 1.25 %
Answer: B
15. In concrete farm-to-market road design, what class A concrete thickness will you use in
triangular concrete-lined ditch?
A. 10 cm B. 20 cm C. 15 cm D. 25 cm
Answer: C
16. In concrete farm-to-market road design, what wall thickness will you use in rectangular
grouted riprap ditch?
A. 10 cm B. 15 cm C. 25 cm D. 20 cm
Answer: C
17. As a contractor, what project management amount in terms of estimated direct cost
percentage will you charge aside from the 10-15 % profit in farm-to-market road projects?
A. 7.5% B. 5% C. 10% D. 12%
Answer: B
29
C. Irrigation Structures
Easy Questions
1. Based on PNS/BAFS/PAES 216:2017, what is the mean roughness coefficient for rigid
concrete?
A. 0.010 B. 0.012 C. 0.013 D. 0.015
Answer: C
2. The standard diameter of both vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars in open channel
construction.
A. 8 mm B. 12 mm C. 10 mm D. 16 mm
Answer: C
3. In open channel construction, what class of concrete mix should be used?
A. Class AA B. Class A C. Class B D. Class C
Answer: B
4. The standard spacing between vertical bars in open channel construction.
A. 10 cm B. 30 cm C. 20 cm D. 50 cm
Answer: C
5. In open channel design, what is the standard concrete wall thickness of lateral trapezoidal
open channel?
A. 5 cm B. 10 cm C. 15 cm D. 20 cm
Answer: C
6. The standard gage number of G.I. tie wire for open channel construction.
A. 8 B. 10 C. 16 D. 12
30
Answer: C
7. In class A, B or C concrete, how many cubic meters of sand should be mixed to produce 1
cubic meter of concrete?
A. 0.25 B. 0.75 C. 0.50 D. 1.0
Answer: C
8. In open channel construction, how many 40-kg bags of cement are needed per cubic meter of
concrete?
A. 12 B. 7.5 C. 9 D. 6
Answer: C
Moderate Questions
9. In constructing open trapezoidal concrete open channels, how many 900-gm packs of water
proofing compound are needed per cubic meter of Class A (1:2:4) concrete mix?
A. 9 B. 6 C. 7.5 D. 12
Answer: A
Solution:
Based on tabular values for Class A concrete mix,
No. of packs of water proofing compound = No. of bags of cement = 9 bags
10. In concrete canal construction, how many 40-kg bags of cement are needed for a 20-km
lateral channel if it requires 0.6 cubic meter concrete per linear meter? Use 5% safety factor.
A. 67,500 B. 65,700 C. 113,400 D. 56,700
Answer: C
Solution:
Bags = Safety factor x Bags cement/cu.m. of concrete x Concrete volume/m x Length in m
31
= 1.05 x 9 bags/cu.m. x 0.6 cu.m/m x 20,000 m

= 113,400 bags
11. How many truck loads of sand are needed for 30-km main irrigation canal requiring 3.5 cubic
meters concrete per linear meter? 1 truck load is 2.5 cubic meters. Use 5% safety factor.
A. 1,837 B. 22,050 C. 18,200 D. 18,357
Answer: B
Solution:
Truck loads = Safety factor x Cu.m. sand/cu.m. concrete x Trucks/cu.m. x Concrete volume
= 1.05 x 0.5 cu.m./cu.m. x 1 truck load/2.5 cu.m. x (3.5 cu.m/m x 30,000 m)
= 22,050 truck loads
12. How many truck loads of gravel needed for an 10-km main irrigation canal requiring 4 cubic
meters concrete per linear meter? 1 truck load is 2.5 cubic meters. Use 6% safety factor.
A. 12,210 B. 13,200 C. 16,960 D. 11,220
Answer: C
Solution:
Truck loads = Safety factor x Cu.m. gravel/cu.m. concrete x Trucks/cu.m. x Concrete volume
= 1.06 x 1 cu.m gravel./cu.m. x 1 truck load/2.5 cu.m. x (4 cu.m/m x 10,000 m)
= 16,960 truck loads
13. Determine the cement budget for 36-km irrigation canal if it requires half cubic meter
concrete per linear meter and cement costs Php200/bag? Use 5% safety factor.
A. Php 1,869,000 B. Php 34,020,000 C. Php 20,900,000 D. Php 18,960,000
Answer: B
Solution:
Budget = Safety factor x Bags cement/cu.m. concrete x Concrete volume x Unit Cost
= 1.05 x 9 bags/cu.m. x (0.5 cu.m/m x 36,000 m) x Php 200
= Php 34,020,000
32
Difficult Questions
14. The number of 10-mm horizontal reinforcing bars in a 3.2-meter tall trapezoidal canal wall is
2,836 pieces. Following the standard bar spacing 20 cm x 20 cm, how many vertical
reinforcing bars are needed?
A. 2,836 B. 1,418 C. 5,672 D. 3,800
Answer: A
Solution:
No need of long computation since the horizontal and vertical bar spacing is the same and
the number of horizontal bars is already known, hence
No. of vertical bars = No. of horizontal bars

= 2,836 bars
15. What is the cement budget for 18-km canal requiring 2/3 cubic meter concrete per linear
meter? Cement costs Php200/bag while transport costs Php 10/bag. Use 5% safety factor.
A. Php 2,574,000 B. Php 25,738,000 C. Php 23,825,907 D. Php 25,200,000
Answer: C
Solution:
Budget = Safety factor x Bags cement/cu.m. concrete x Concrete volume x Unit Cost
= 1.05 x 9 bags/cu.m. x (0.667 cu.m/m x 18,000 m) x (Php 200 + Php 10)
= Php 23,825,907
16. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommends 1.5
liters/second net irrigation supply per hectare of lowland rice. If the canal is rectangular with
base equal to water depth, velocity is 1.2 m/s and area is 50 hectares, what should be the
canal base and wetted canal depth excluding freeboard? Assume system efficiency of 16%.
A. 6.2 m B. 2.6 m C. 0.62 m D. 0.26 m
Answer: C
Solution:
Q = AV, A = Q/V where A=BD, hence BD = Q/V where B=D, then
B2 = Q/V
B2 = (1.5 li/s per ha x 1m3/1,000 li x 50 ha / 0.16 system eff.) / (1.2 m/s)
B2 = 0.39 m2
B = 0.62 m, equal to wetted canal depth D excluding freeboard
33
16. A gravity dam weighing 73,000 tonnes is to be constructed with length along dam axis of 1
km and base of 100 meters. What should be the minimum soil bearing stress? Use factor of
safety against sinking of 2.
A. 13 tonnes/sq.m. B. 1.2 tonnes/sq.m. C. 1.5 tonnes/sq.m. D. 31 tonnes/sq.m.
Answer: C
Solution:
Sinking Factor of safety = Min. defensive bearing stress/Offensive bearing stress

Min. def. stress = Sinking FS x Offensive Stress, Offensive stress = Weight/Area
= 2 x (73,000 tonnes / (1,000 m x 100 m)
= 1.46 tonnes/square meter
17. A 1-meter thick trapezoidal section of a concrete dam has resisting moment about the dam
toe of 280,000 tonne-meters. The water exerts 4,050 tonnes horizontally at 35 meters above
the dam toe. What is the factor of safety against overturning?
A. 3.1 B. 1.98 C. 5.2 D. 1.9
Answer: B
Solution:
Overturning Factor of Safety = Resisting moment/Overturning moment
= 280,000 /(4050 x 35)
= 1.98
18. A concrete dam with 50,000 sq.m. submerged vertical upstream wall is to be constructed
against a 546 tonnes/sq.m. average water pressure. Coefficient of friction at dam base is 0.83.
What should be the minimum dam weight? Use factor of safety against sliding of 2.
A. 57,300,000 tonnes B. 65,783,133 tonnes C. 62,850,000 tonnes D. 62,850 tonnes
Answer: B
Solution:
Sliding Factor of Safety = Min. defensive horizontal force/Offensive horizontal force
Min. defensive force = Coef. of friction x Weight = FS x Offensive force
Weight = FS x Offensive force / Coef. of friction
Weight = 2 x (546 tonnes/sq.m. x 50,000 sq.m.) / 0.83
Weight = 65,783,133 tonnes
34
IV. Waste Management (10%)
Easy Questions
1. The toxic component of biogas.
A. Hydrogen sulfide B. Hydrogen C. Sludge D. Sulfur
Answer: A
2. The by-product of biogas production commonly used as soil conditioner after air drying.
A. Fertilizer B. Waste C. Sludge D. Slurry
Answer: C
3. The amount paid to project owners from CDM fund for carbon emission reduction projects.
A. Emission value B. Carbon credit value C. Carbon trading value D. Carbon value
Answer: B
4. The acronym of the Inter-Governmental Panel for Climate Change.
A. IGPCC B. IPC C. IPCC D. Inter-GPCC
Answer: C
5. Best kind of biogas plant for large animal farms having effluents with low solid content.
A. Fixed dome B. Covered lagoon C. Floating type D. Balloon
Answer: B
6. Plastic sheet for constructing balloon and bed lining in covered lagoon biogas plants.
A. High density polyethylene (HDPE) B. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

C. Acetate D. UV-stabilized acetate
Answer: A
35
7. By how many times is methane destructive to the environment than carbon dioxide?
A. 2 times B. 21 times C. 10 times D. 15 times
Answer: B
8. Toxic by-product of geothermal power plants.
A. Hydrogen sulfide B. Carbon monoxide C. Carbon dioxide D. Sulfuric acid
Answer: A
9. When using covered lagoon biodigester, what is approximate methane content in biogas?
A. 40% B. 70% C. 50% D. 80%
Answer: B
10. What is the minimum methane content of biogas in order to operate biogas-fueled
generators?
A. 50% B. 85% C. 65% D. 90%
Answer: C
11. When using 1:1 water-manure ratio, what is the approximate methane content of biogas?
A. 40% B. 60% C. 50% D. 80%
Answer: B
12. A device to convert biogas to electricity.
A. Converter B. Motor C. Electricity generator D. Biogas generator
Answer: D
13. A board constructed across the bottom of the biogas digester to prevent early exit of slurry.
A. Baffle board B. Wall C. Divider D. Slurry retainer
Answer: A
36
Moderate Questions
14. Covered lagoon biodigester, minihydro and solar energy projects are evaluated for financial
feasibility. Only one feasible project can be funded. Each of them requires PHP 20,000,000
investment. The financial internal rates of return are 8%, 9% and 10%, respectively. Annual
discount plus inflation rate is 11%. Which project shall be implemented?
A. Covered lagoon biodigester B. Minihydro C. None D. Solar
Answer: C (since all their IRRs are less than the discount plus inflation rate)
15. In the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), how much will the project owner of a new
covered lagoon biodigester receive annually from CDM fund for the first 10 years if his
biodigester produces 8,000 tonnes of methane and 3,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year.
Assume that the current carbon credit costs US$8 per tonne of carbon equivalent.
A. US$ 30,000 B. US$ 100,000 C. US$ 1,368,000 D. US$ 2,200,000
Answer: C
Solution:
Considering that methane is 21 times more destructive than carbon,
Amount = Carbon cost per tonne x [(tonnes carbon/year + 21 (tonnes of methane/year)]

= US$ 8 [3,000 + 21(8,000)]
= US$ 1,368,000/year
37
Difficult Questions
16. What is the daily biogas consumption in cubic meters of an industrial boiler using 12 units of
50-cm gas burner 8 hours a day? The consumption of each gas burner is 1.3 cu.m./hour.
A. 9.6 B. 102 C. 125 D. 80
Answer: C
Solution:
C = NBT
where C= Consumption, N = No. of units, B = biogas consumption of device, T = Time
C = (12 units)( 1.3 m3/hr)(8 hrs)
= 124.8 m3
17. Estimate the biogas production in cubic meters per day from a large balloon type digester
using 1:1 water-manure ratio. The source farm has 1,100 heads of porkers of mixed ages. Use
a retention period of 30 days. The mean daily manure production of porkers is 2.2 kg/head
while the specific gas production for 30-day manure retention period is 0.063 m 3/kg.
A. 97 B. 153 C. 125 D. 193
Answer: B
Solution:
P = NMG
where P = biogas production potential, N = No. of heads, M = manure production,
G = Specific gas production of the manure for a specific retention period
P = (1,100 heads)(2.2 kg/head)(0.063 m3/kg)
= 152.46 m3
18. How many heads of breeding cattle are needed as source of manure to generate 80 m 3 of
biogas a day if the retention period is 25 days and water-manure ratio is 1:1. The mean daily
manure production of breeding cattle is 13 kg/head while its specific gas production for 25-
day manure retention period is half of that of chicken dung.
A. 192 B. 205 C. 206 D. 139
Answer: C
Solution:
N = P/(MG)
where N = No. of heads, C = biogas production, M = manure production,
G = Half of specific gas production of chicken dung for a specific retention period
= 1/2 x 0.06 m3/kg or 0.03 m3/kg
C = (80 m3)/[(13 kg/head)(0.03 m3/kg)]
= 205.13 heads, to avoid gas shortage round up to 206 heads
38
REFERENCES
AMTEC, Varied Years. PAES for Agricultural Processing and Structures

(Various standards, specific PAES numbers indicated in the questions)
AUDELS, ____. Electrical Power Calculations, latest edition
Brown, ____. Farm Electrification, latest edition
Catchillar, 2008. Fundamentals of Environmental Science
DOE and JICA, 2004. Manual for Micro-Hydropower Development
Fajardo, ___. Simplified Methods on Building Construction, latest edition
FAO, ____. Scheme Irrigation Water Need and Supply. Retrieved August 2022
Philippine Building Code, 1977
Philippine Electrical Code, 2009
Philippine National Standard, 2017. PNS/BAFS/PAES 216:2017
Philippine National Standard, 2019. PNS/BAFS 290:2019
Philippine Agricultural Engineering Journal, Vol. XXX (2)
Renewable Energy Journal, Various Issues & Article Authors
Tambong, 1992. Biogas Plant Design
39
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ABE BOARD EXAM

ABE Board Exam Reviewer

Rural Electrification, Agricultural Processing,

SPECIFIC COVERAGE BASED ON PRC TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

I. Rural Electrification (25%) – Page 3

ESTIMATED COMPOSITION OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

BOARD REVIEW QUESTIONS

Select the best answer.

I. Rural Electrification (25%)

A. Ohm's law B. Voltage law C. Amperage law D. Electrical law

3. A farmhouse requires a minimum conductor size of 2 mm 2 which is equivalent to AWG ____.

A. AWG 14 B. AWG 12 C. AWG 10 D. AWG 8

5. Which type of electrical wire has a maximum operating temperature of 90 oC?

A. THW B. RHW C. THHN D. THWN

7. If V is voltage, I is current and P is power, according to Ohm's law, V is equal to _____.

A. P/I B. IR C. I/P D. I2R

8. Ohm's law is applicable to _____.

A. DC only B. AC only C. Both DC and AC D. DC but not AC

A. Resistance B. Capacitance C. Conductance D. Inductance

10. The resistivity of annealed copper in ohm meters at 20 oC.

A. 1.72 x 10-8 B. 1.59 x 10-8 C. 1.68 x 10-8 D. 2.65 x 10-8

A. Conductivity B. Resistivity C. Malleability D. Ductility

A. 350 B. 600 C. 700 D. 500

13. In connecting electricity from a post to a farmhouse, a ______ wire is needed.

A. Transmission B. Drop C. Automotive D. Electrical

14. The minimum wire size for a farmhouse drop wire.

A. AWG 4 B. AWG 6 C. AWG 8 D. AWG 10

A. 12 Vdc B. 24 Vdc C. 220 Vdc D. 220 Vac

A. 300 B. 500 C. 400 D. 600

Figure 1. The Ohm’s law formula wheel (source: Gigacalculator.com, 2022)

A. 1 volt B. 220 volts C. 2 volts D. 110 volts

A. 1 watt B. 220 watts C. 2 watts D. 110 watts

A. 0.02 kwh/kg B. 0.04 kwh/kg C. 0.06 kwh/kg D. 0.08 kwh/kg

A. 3.27x10-3 ohms B. 2.6x10-3 ohms C. 5.5x10-3 ohms D. 3.72x10-3 ohms

B. Application of Renewable Energy in Rural Electrification

2. Which one has the highest operation and maintenance cost?

4. Which electricity source has no greenhouse gas emission?

5. Which electricity source has the highest greenhouse gas emission?

6. To minimize power loss, which equipment is needed to transform DC electricity from a

A. Inverter B. Transformer C. Converter D. Transmitter

A. Picohydro B. Microhydro C. Minihydro D. Small hydro

Answer: C (Under the Philippine classification, minihydro is over 100 kw up to 10 mw)

8. A 3 hectare hillside farm is to be energized. It is 20 meters below a river having a dependable

A. Picohydro B. Microhydro C. Minihydro D. Small hydro

9. The 1-kw lighting of a farmstead is to be energized using hydropower. It is 10 meters below

A. Picohydro B. Microhydro C. Minihydro D. Small hydro

Answer: A (since power requirement is less than 5 kw, picohydro is recommended)

A. 245 B. 425 C. 452 D. 524

No. of households = (Power Output – Power Loss) / Average household consumption

No. of batteries in series = System Voltage / Battery nominal voltage

No. of batteries in series = System Voltage / Battery nominal voltage

No. of batteries in parallel = Total number of batteries / No. of batteries in series

A. 588 B. 598 C. 589 D. 859

A. 1.32 B. 1.23 C. 2.13 D. 3.12

P = 9.81 QHE, P in kw, Q in m3/s, H in m, E in ratio

C. Electronics, Instrumentation and Control in Rural Electrification

A. Microcontroller B. Integrated circuit C. Microchip D. Switch board