ME 3100: BASIC THERMAL ENGINEERING

Tutorial 4
1 Neglecting temperature effect, an empirical pressure-density relationship for water is
given as:

 3001   
7
p
pa a  3000
Here p is in unit of atmosphere, density is in kg/m3. Density of water at 1 atmosphere
pressure is 1000 kg/m3.
(a) Determine the isothermal bulk modulus of elasticity of water at 1 atmospheric
pressure.
(b) Determine the speed of sound at 1 atmospheric pressure.
[2.128 x106 kPa;
1458.8 m/s]

2 In a flow field, the velocity at a point is given in the Eulerian system as u=x+t. Determine
the displacement of a fluid particle whose initial position is x0 at initial time t0 in the
Lagrangian system.
Ans=  x   x  t  1 e  t t0   t  1
 0 0 
3 A flow field in a Lagrangian system is described as:
x  x0e  kt  y0 1  e 2 kt 
y  y0e kt
Find:
(a) The equation of a fluid particle in the flow field, and,
(b) The velocity components in the Eulerian system
 a)  x  y0  y 2  x0 y0 y  y03  0 
Ans=  
 b ) u   kx  ky  e  kt
 e 3 kt
 
 v  ky 
 
4 The velocity profile in laminar flow through a pipe of radius r0 is given by:
 2 
u  2U 1  r 2 
 r  0

Determine an expression for wall shear stress.

5 A two-dimensional wedge-shaped fluid element (ABC) as shown in Fig. P5 is subjected to

the following velocity field:
x y
u  V0 , v  V0 , w  0,
L L

1
 where, u, v and w are velocity components along x, y and z directions respectively and V0
is constant. For constant density flow, find the volume flow rate through the surface AC,
per unit width.

Ans: [0]

6 A rigid tank (Fig. P6) of volume V contains air at an absolute pressure of P and temperature
T. At t=0, air begins escaping from the tank through a valve with a flow area of A1. The air
passing through the valve has a speed of V1 and a density of 1. Determine an expression
for the instantaneous rate of change of density in the tank at t=0, assuming it to be
uniform within the tank.

7 A plate with frictionless surfaces is oriented inclined to a water jet (Fig. P7). Verlocity is
uniform and the flow may be approximated as incompressible and inviscid (no viscosity).
The angle made by the plate with the vertical is . Symbols A and Q in the figure denotes
flow area and flow rate respectively. Determine:
a) Q1 and Q2 in terms of Q0 and .
b) Normal component of force on the plate.