`FORMAT FOR PAPER 1

Thesis: talk about the text, type and date it was published, discuss context, talk about purpose of creator and audience it is aimed at, the underlying intent for
creation and implications of the piece, the overall meaning and message conveyed connecting to GQ
FOR EACH PARAGRAPH: talk about the overall point or message and the devices used, cite evidences for the device, talk about why it is used, what it does,
what impact emotion reaction it has from reader hence what does it make the reader think and want to do hence how does that link to the GQ and the implicit
+ explicit idea and purpose of the text + text type and its features how they act and help

TECHNIQUES TO LOOK OUT FOR

Ethos, logos, pathos, informing, persuading and appeal, entertaining, diction, sentence length and structure for pace, metaphors, similes, allusion, listing,
alliteration, repetition, dramaticism, hook, personal experience or anecdote, repetition and lists, LEXICAL FIELD AND CLUSTER, themes, symbols, ideas and
concepts, juxtaposition, synecdoche, mood, tone, voice and register, atmosphere, setting, narration, imagery and types, exoticism and uniqueness, rhetorical
question, hypophora, rhetorical questions, intensity, hyperbole, personification, parallel structures for coherence, first or second person pronouns or direct
address, direct gaze, modality or modal verbs like must need should, cultural aspects highlighted, what emotions are being provoked, what is the aim and
intent, what is the writer’s view and perspective, constrast, irony both visual and situational, satire, humour, global and underlying issues highlighted, pace,
stacking of adjectives, active verbs and tense, description, imperatives for direction, suggestions, flashbacks and memory, omniscient for credibility, didactic
tone, pedantic diction, persuasive and argumentative, quotations and perspectives, discursive or one opinion, composition, layout, balance,
graphic weight, structure and typography, font, bolding, capitalization, ellipses for pondering, colour, image, background and foreground, POV and camera
angle, syntax and punctuation, rule of three, nonfiction features like captions, heading, headers, byline, columns, icons, glossary, index, illustrations, labels,
maps, subtitles, tabs, subheadings, STRUCTURES like problem solution, cause effect, compare contrast, description or list, time order or sequence or
chronology like directions, focal point, salutations, superlatives, metonymy one small thing associated to larger concept, stereotyping, generalizations, fear
tactics, bandwagon, weasel claims, beautiful people or celebrities, plain folks, testimonials and first hand reviews or experiences, big lie, flattery, false
promises, glittering generalities and virtue words big words, name calling, new ideas, nostalgia giving ethos legacy, appeals tugging on desires of people using
them to convince, attacks on opposite views, inclusive exclusive language using pronouns, connotation emotional meaning of a word, analogy comparing one
thing to another, jargon, colloquial language informal register or formal language, sibilance, semantic field related to same concept or idea, VISUALLY look at
people, animals, objects, action, circumstances and time, concepts ideas symbols and motifs, attitude, social distance long shot mid shot or close up, contact
eye contact demanding, modality high realism or low like cartoons, mood and feeling through colours, salience where does eye go first, background blurred or
clear, framing of objects, vectors how is movement shown kinesthetic, onomatopoeia, rhyme, exaggeration, puns play on words alternate meanings or
euphemisms or neologisms, paradox and juxtaposition, paragraphing with topic sentence, use of speech, enjambment, is contextual awareness necessary,
synthetic personalization addressing an individual, polyvocal two distinct voices personal and persuasive, interplay of different features or conventions or texts,
intertextuality, language implying personal views and opinions showing positive or critical or negative sentiment or outlook or balanced, descriptive language,
comparative language, character analysis and characterisation, creative storytelling, zooming in and out amplification of certain features, power dynamics
through size, mise-en-scene, cyclical nature narrative is like a journey, facts and statistics to provide ethos and inform readers, appeal, cover image, format –
nouns, verbs, asyndeton meaning no conjunction in parts of sentence, buzz-words, punch line In articles like a big finish, accessible text breaking down barriers
or exclusive for niche audience single or multiple panel, moment in time or action to action and moment to moment, composition parts of the frame, narrative
drawing style plot narrative story, lighting and shading, speech and thought bubbles as dialogue or voice over narration, existentialism, pastel colors or harsh
ones, negative and positive space, linear progression or haphazard, space taken up in comic, body language and facial expression, setting and transitions of it,
mirroring, kinesthetic, positive or negative, return of symbols, epiphany, static or changing, placement of things or character, actions and posture, space in the
frame – playful, childlike or mature, visual complexity, colour and graphic detail or insignificant features, gaze, gradual growth and exaggeration, saccadic
reading and the way the reader’s eye moves, symbolic meaning and weight, superimposed like laid over something else, logos and signs and branding, unity
and repetitive visuals and ideas to reinforce, banners to make something stand out, assuring vocabulary and imperatives, skeptical hesitant language, power,
defining a group, moving away or towards convention, weight of words like legacy, ALLUDING, RHETORIC to persuade, emotive language, anecdotes and
personal examples, call to action, active or passive voice, use of numbers and maths, humanity like using first name or last name, affiliation language, feedback
mechanisms, social media hyperlinks, subliminal references, vernacular or local or cultural language, euphemisms or minced and condensed words, puns,
slang, short snappy sentences heightened over the top language, brand names, sexual innuendos, focus on appearance, use of elision like won’t and don’t
removal of syllables, complex sentences separated by commas and semi-colons, sidebar or tabs on webpages, newsworthy, hard facts, affirmative language like
they are right, not allowing other POV, proper nouns are rich details and showing breadth of knowledge, destination information showing insider secrets,
advice and recommendations, modals showing degree of certainty, sense of promotion, embedded advertising, descriptive writing, motif of time for history
and information for the reader, evocative language, declarative sentence good for guiding, motif of cultural immersion, native language for further exoticism,
subtle imperatives, creating association!! Co-branding, associating, mental connections, introduction and conclusion and body are structures of the piece, links
for advertisements, adjectives creating motifs, pair triad or myriad, concrete nouns, tricolons, theme in the piece, hybrid text type or traditional, sequencing,
chronological or hierarchical structure, comparatives to identify similarities and differences, bullet points, reliability of information through sources, interactive
elements to learn more and share, labels and visual metaphors, simple visual icons, patterns, macro and micro, qualitative and quantitative data, talking about
the community or a specific case, composition, emnata, value messages, producer of the piece, connotations and denotations, emotions evoked how, subtext,
colour hues and tones

CRITERIA + VOCABULARY
POINTS: textual references, features, audience and author relationship, keywords of the GQ -> CHOOSE THE RIGHT STUFF TO MENTION. Who, what, when,
where, why, how? -> analyse each, how to they work individually and together -> message -> effect on reader -> how well is it done
A: Audience, purpose, context, time period, mood, tone, author’s style and choices, effects of devices used, identify text type and features, text + image
B: why these stylistic devices have been chosen by the author, their implications, talk about the direct effect on the reader, elaborate on the technique for each
big idea, message, value concept being conveyed, evaluate the technique and relevance of idea + underlying subtext
C: for organization, use PETAL: point, evidence, technique, analysis explanation evaluation effect + link to the next point, strong thesis + conclusion focus on GQ
INCLUDE: language of the GQ, rich idea or main concept being depicted, textual references and evidences, the techniques or features, the author and audience
and their relationship role impact, and evaluate the language so use terms like effectively, cleverly, powerfully, notably, skillfully, deliberately and clearly shows
FOR EVALUATION: technique, evidence of it, then see what emotions it makes readers feel, what thoughts it makes them think and as a result what are their
wishes and what would they want out of the situation

GLOBAL ISSUES: importance of multi-culturalism, impact of materialism, conflict between rights and power, existential themes like fate freewill higher power
our purpose meaning of life, power and privilege, freedom of speech and politics, relationship with natural world, identity and role of global citizen, religion
and spirituality, social connectedness and inclusion, racial discrimination, violence, gender discrimination, gun violence, access to education, economic
disparities, child labour, child mortality, children’s rights, corruption in education and government system with lack of legislation, lack of protection, corporate
accountability an ethics, crime, climate change, cybercrime, democracy, diseases, drought, economic development, environmental justice and sustainability,
extinction, food safety and distribution, health, power dynamics and deceiving systems, human rights, international laws, LGBT rights, diversity and gender
fluidity, modern slavery, natural disasters, conservation, oppression, pandemics, political equality and stability, pollution, poverty, privacy, recessions and
depressions, refugees, sanitation, freedom and sovereignty, technological development comes with ethics and risks, unemployment, women’s rights
VERBS FOR LITERARY ANALYSIS:
Accentuates, Affects, Analyzes, Assumes, Compels, Conducts, Contests, Defines, Discovers, Elicits, Generalizes, Imagines, Infers, Provides, Recalls, Reflects, Represents, Seems, States,
Supports, Understands, Accepts, Alleviates, Approaches, Attacks, Believes, Chronicles, Completes, Conforms, Contrasts, Defies, Despises, Differentiates, Discusses, Distorts, Emphasizes,
Envisions, Explains, Focuses, Guides, Honors, Impels, Inspires, Justifies, Lists, Minimizes, Opposes, Performs, Portrays, Produces, Qualifies, Recites, Refers, Results, Sees, Strives, Conveys,
Depicts, Determines, Directs, Disputes, Dramatizes, Enhances, Excludes, Extends, Foreshadows, Highlights, Illustrates, Includes, Interprets, Lambasts, Makes, Muses, Overstates,
Personifies, Prepares, Promotes, Rationalizes, Records, Regrets, Ridicules, Specifies, Summarizes, Sympathizes, Verifies, Certifies, Demonstrates, Endorses, Exposes, Ratifies, Typifies,
Advocates, Alters, Assesses, Avoids, Characterizes, Compares, Condescends, Contends, Convinces, Describes, Develops, Disappoints, Disrupts, Elevates, Enriches, Expands, Extrapolates,
Functions, Hints, Illuminates, Indicates

CONVENTIONS OF TEXTS
PERSUASIVE ADVERTS: advertisements are usually persuasive, deal with concepts like representation, manipulation deception conning,
creative too; PROBLEM AND BENEFIT depends upon appealing to desires and needs of readers sometimes they create problems, IMAGE
visual narrative use shock value or sex sells, SLOGAN AND COPY text kept to a minimum, short catchy memorable connect with image to
anchor so typographical features like bold fonts underlined worlds important, ASSOCIATION ads sell values so abstract concepts associated
to brand and product and people settings objects are symbolic, TESTIMONIALS satisfied quotations from delighted customers sometimes
celebrities to convince readers, ADVERTISING CLAIMS weasel words, scientific claims, vague language, bandwagon claims, jargon that
sounds impressive appeals to a niche no meaning though, PERSUASION always persuasive even those trying not to sell something will ask
you to think something, change your behaviour to help someone
CHARITY APPEALS: recruit you on behalf of a good cause to donate time or money, PERSUASION, PATHOS emotive appealing to emotions
like anger pity guilt sympathy make it more likely you will want to respond, HARD HITTING visual elements like shock tactics, CREDIBILITY
need to be trustworthy so make suggestions that your donations will lead to a positive change like through logos facts and statistics,
METONYMY social problems like hunger and poverty too large show single individual who represents these problems who you would be
helping, DIRECT ADDRESS can be visual also, say ‘you’ to create strong connection
TRAVEL WRITING: recommending trip to foreign country, is a guide gives advice tips tricks insights, imagery, vivid description, has a mood,
figurative language story with characters too, finding oneself and one’s roots, curiosity about others, desire to be informed of cultures,
search for religious spiritual abstract exotic experience, VIEWPOINT, PERSPECTIVE, personal experiences exploring new place, outsider’s
perspective of xotic remote place sometimes insider perspective if sharing experience asking you to visit, STRUCTURE chronological
timelines past preset structures linear journey of discovery, guides have clear headings and subheadings, INFORMATION informative
present with facts figures names dates history architecture geographical info, DESCRIPTION make trip tantalizing transport reader so visual
imagery vivid descriptions figurative comparisons to help imagine, VISUALS maps floor plans things you may encounter
ARTICLES: WEB OR MAGAZINE: wide range of topics can talk about fashion entertainment food sports lifestyle, HEADLINE bold text
revealing topic gives HOOK for reader, IMAGES posed not natural, LAYOUT bullet points for simplicity of reader to retain their attention,
ENTERTAINMENT topical and current but info displayed in appealing way using subheadings and pull quotes, BUZZWORDS popular at time
of publication, INTERACTIVE FEATURES now published online have embedded sources, videos, hyperlinks and tabs for further info,
EMBEDDED INTERVIEWS or first hand experiences experts or participants interviewed and quotes used throughout like celebrity articles
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: niche of nature technology topics or science and arts, INFORMATIVE shares knowledge look for explanations and
facts and stats, some simplify concepts for general readership, DICTION involves precise terms specialist vocabulary, COMPARISONS some
concepts are complex for use similes comparisons to make easier for wider readership to visualize, VISUALS photos diagrams charts graphs
accompany to illustrate concepts so more simplification, CREDIBILITY authoritative sources, research, quotes from experts make the
concepts and author more credible and trustworthy, STRUCTURE linear or nonlinear depending on content, text can give timeline or
historical overview, summaries, explainers, glossaries communicate complex ideas
OPINION COLUMN: thoughtfully considered argument about a topic where writer takes side or proposes solution, does not pretend to be
unbiased, can acknowledge other side but express opinion in convincing powerful way, PERSPECTIVE personal viewpoint first person
adopted ‘we’ is clever to show commonly held view, SOLID ARGUMENTS open your eyes to reality of a situation, backed up by studies
research evidence but ASSERTION opinion like fact, ANECDOTES personal experience to show thoughtful approach and connect and also
hook to main piece, STRUCTURE opinion obvious from start, ending should be strong reiterating position, REGISTER AND TONE irreverent
passionate conversational friendly challenging sarcastic tone depending on tactics used to convince you of an opinion, CONCESSION
acknowledgement that their opinion somewhat flawed and acknowledgement of other side of argument
INFOGRAPHICS: little visual texts help summarize and present complex information knowledge data, work of art, AUDIENCE: designed to
reach as wide audience as possible, see technical language indicating niche audience, SIMPLIFICATION this is the main purpose, summary,
bullet points, images, captions, ILLUSTRATIONS icons are simplified images that SYMBOLISE certain ideas from text, COPY infographics are
multimodal have brief text also so will have headlines, labels, snippets of text, STRUCTURE visual narratives to tell a simple story can
decode a sequence of events through them, DESIGN eye catching, colour, typography, font, design features that engage interest and help
convey information better
BLOGS: digital communication, blogpost by independent reader-writers not media institutions, quirky niche carry counter cultural
messages, VIEWPOINT represents interests and opinions of an individual and in first person, PURPOSE guided by individual interests so
flexible purpose could be to inform or discuss event or describe events to share, DICTION specialist vocabulary or technical terms based on
topic, VISUALS can use cartoons images photographs, STRUCTURE chronological and linear structures with subheadings, clear connectives,
other features helping organize text
COMIC STRIPS: engaging and colorful, narration of a story or continuous idea, subtle but sophisticated way to bring forward an important
underlying societal or political issue, PURPOSE humorous to entertain but make serious point, STRUCTURE drawn in panels arranged in
linear sequence with gutters being white space, EXPOSITION text tells story as captions, dialogues, speech or thought bubbles or narration,
MECHANICS spatial Is use of space between each frame and temporal is way time can be slowed sped up or stopped, ARTISTIC STYLE crisp,
heavy, light, cartoony, bright, dark, realistic what is the purpose for this, talk about mood tone lighting graphic weight meaning shading and
contrast, balance, negative space, saturation or brightness, CARTOONIFICATION AND EMANATA showing action emotion or sound things
either photorealistic or simplified, PUNCHLINE at the end of 4 panel ones big reveal of joke or idea at the end
SATIRICAL CARTOON: makes complex heavy preachy things more accessible and palatable to wide audience, acts as commentary criticism
entertains and raises awareness to something in a simple way, discussing events issues trends, PURPOSE to ridicule lampoon criticize have
specific target which can be person or viewpoint or group, uses IRONY visual or situational contradicting ideas saying one thing doing
another, CARICATURE people simplified exaggerated distorted, synecdoche to make one thing stand for whole, SYMBOLISM objects icons
and colours would have specific associations things sometimes labelled to help make connections for readers, ALLUSION may refer to
historical or political events outside text success depends on if readers can identify it, TONE scathing sarcastic pointed critical can be used
BROCHURE: images and icons, title, headings, subheadings to help reader navigate through as they capture main ideas, font size and
colour and other typography, short sections and paragraphs, space and negative space not crowded how are they drawing our eye, slogans
or pull quotes like an image, symbolism, simplification of language and layout in the text, structure and how argument in presented like
problem-solution usually, ethos, pathos, logos, silhouettes, implications and connotations of words
Q. DISCUSS HOW DIFFERENT FEATURES ARE USED ON THIS WEBPAGE TO CREATE AN IMPRESSION OF INDIAN CULTURE.
THE INFORMATIVE web article, called "Food; India's Soul Food" was published in The New York Times Magazine, written by Julie Sahni. The audience for this webpage is
likely to be food enthusiasts or individuals interested in exploring different cultures, who read the New York Times. The text is also written for non-Indians, and more
specifically Americans, to give them an insight into Indian culture through it’s cuisine. Through the use of personal anecdotes, imagery, lists and descriptions, and the
chronological text structure history of the Tandoori meal, this webpage romanticises Indian culture and creates an impression of it being family-oriented, powerful and
diverse. Fair thesis
USING PATHOS, the writer portrays Indian culture as family-oriented and rich in tradition. Sahni describes how cooking is a way to bring family and friends together using
a personal anecdote, ‘I remember gathering… devour them instantly.’ This gives credibility to the writer as she is giving insight into a personal experience, and highlights
the importance of familial bonds in Indian culture. It shows that food is the essence of the people and is used to bond with one another. There is vivid imagery of families
gathering around large meals, emphasizing the communal nature of Indian dining, which shows readers that Indian culture is intimate. This is opposite to the
‘individualistic’ approach of Americans, and this entices the American audience as they are reading about something unfamiliar and exotic. She uses a simile to say it is
‘like Sunday supper’, using a comparison to allow Americans to understand the magical experience of eating a Tandoori meal as something more understandable and
relatable. The use of personal anecdotes and imagery almost makes the audience feel as though they are being invited into an Indian home. Point developed, techniques
highlighted, substantiated
THE WEBPAGE EMPHASISES the evolution and diverse provenance of Tandoori, hence showcasing the evolution of India as a whole. Sahni describes how Indian cuisine is
influenced by various cultures, and how the dish was originally from Syria. The lines about these different geographical regions – descriptive text structure show that
Indian culture is multi-layered and has been influenced by many other cultures, creating the feeling of India being a distant, intriguing place. The mention of ‘Peshawar’,
‘Pakistan’ and ‘Pathans’ add to the idea of Indian culture being diverse, nuanced and exotic, and make the readers feel as if they are being immersed in the ins and outs of
Indian culture. The listing of how the dish is made, saying it is ‘baked, roasted, grilled then smoked’ shows how much work is put into making the dish, and reiterates the
idea of how sacred and important food is in Indian culture, and how much time is invested in it. this is not like American food, which is usually prepared quickly and easily
(link to fast food trends in America). The article also highlights how Tandoori has evolved to include new ingredients and variations, and how ‘different meats’ along with
‘fresh fish, shellfish and vegetables’ can also be used, showing diversity in Indian cuisine and making the dish more accessible to the larger audience, (develop different
eating habits including vegetarianism) hence promoting the recreation of this dish.
DESPITE CLASS DIVISIONS in Indian culture, the article highlights how Tandoori cuisine has managed to surpass these barriers. Sahni describes how Tandoori originally
‘was labelled low-class’, however ‘eventually, members of the upper classes drove to narrow alleyways’ to get a hold of the dish. This reiterates the idea that in Indian
culture, food is universally shared and surpasses all social restrictions. Americans are able to relate to the idea of class divisions in society and see that it is represent in
India as well. it also shows the audience that in Indian culture, food brings people of different backgrounds together, and how the food is so delicious that it transcends
class divisions. Gustatory and olfactory imagery is used to create an image of Indian cuisine in the minds of the readers; ‘tender and moist’, ‘sweet smoky aroma’, ‘rich
flavour’, ‘bright orange’, all allow the reader to picture the dish and almost be able to smell and taste it. the effect of this is even more prominent due to the image of
Tandoori food placed at the beginning; text and image come together to allow readers to really visualise the dish, and create an exotic and romantic idea of Indian cuisine
in their minds.
OVERALL THE WEBPAGE "Food; India's Soul Food" effectively showcases the richness and complexity of Indian culture through the tandoori meal. Through personal
anecdotes, vivid imagery, and historical context, the webpage portrays Indian culture as evolving, diverse and intimate. A romanticised idea of India and it’s food are
created in the minds of readers, which breaks the possible negative stereotypes readers may have had prior to reading the article, which is the purpose of the writer.