23 Body Fluids and Circulation 1589345889

BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION S.No.
CONTENTS Page
1. Vascular connective tissue 85-92
(a) Blood 85
(b) Blood plasma 85
(c) RBC 86
(d) WBC 88
(e) Blood platelets 90
(f) Blood clotting 90
(g) Blood groups 92
(h) Rh factor 92
N
2. Circulatory pathways 95
3. Structure of heart 98
0
4. Heart beat 102
-2
E 5. Conducting system of heart 102
19
6. Regulation of heart beat 104
7. Cardiac cycle 105
8. Heart sound
20 107
LL
9. Blood pressure 108
n
10. Disorders of circulatory system 109
io
11. Blood vessels 110

ss
12. Portal system 112

Se
13. Lymphatic system 112

A
14. Exercise-I (Conceptual Question) 117

15. Exercise-II (Previous Years Questions) 130
16. Exercise-III (Analytical Questions) 133
17. Exercise-IV (Assertion & Reason) 138
NEET SYLLABUS
Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its
function; Human circulatory system-Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output,
ECG, Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary
artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
WILLIAM HARVEY (1 April 1578 - 3 June 1657) was an English
physician who made contributions in anatomy and physiology. He was the
first known to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation
and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart,
though earlier writers, such as Miguel Servet (aka Michael Servetus, Michel
de Villeneuve) in: 'Restitutio Christianismi', Paris, 1546, and Jacques Dubois,
had provided precursors of the theory.[1][2] After his death the William
Harvey Hospital was constructed in the town of Ashford, several miles from
his birthplace of Folkestone.
N
DR. PANANGIPALLI VENUGOPAL , is an Indian Cardiovascular surgeon
and hospital administrator from Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India and
widely regarded as a pioneer in many innovations in cardiac surgery.[1]
0
The Government of India honored him , in 1998, with the Padma Bhushan,
the third highest civilian award, for his services to the field of Medicine.
-2
E
19
20
LL
n
DR. NARESH TREHAN is a renowned Indian cardiovascular and
io
cardiothoracic surgeon.[2] After graduating from King George Medical

College, Lucknow, India, he went on to practice at New York University
ss
Medical Center Manhattan USA from 1971 to 1988. After a successful

career in the US, he returned to India and started Escorts Heart Institute
and Research Centre.[3] At present, he serves as the chairman and
Se
managing director and chief cardiac surgeon of MedantaTM-The Medicity.

A
He has served as personal surgeon to the President of India since 1991,

has received numerous awards, including the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan
and Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award.
Pre-Medical : Biology


(BODY FLUID AND CIRCULATION)

 (VASCULAR C.T.)
Matrix   



1. Blood
2. Lymph
1.  (BLOOD)
  Haema tology

  Haemopoiesis 
– 
– 
7-8%  [Male : 5-6 lit, F emale 4-5 lit]
N
– pH =7.4 
 


0
(i)
Matrix 
-2
(ii)
(iii) Matrix 
E  Liver 

19
Compositi on of Blood
(a) Liquid Part :- Matrix (55%) Plasma 
(b) Solid Part :- Blood Corpuscles (45%)  R.B.Cs, W.B.Cs, Plateletes 20
LL
Plasma  
n
Matrix (Plasma)  
io
Plasma   

Urobillinogen (Billirubin)
Compositi on of Plasma :-
ss
90-92 % Water
8-10 % - Sol id Part

Se
NaCl 
A
(c) Gases : O 2 , CO 2 ,N 2
Z:\NODE02\B0AI-B0\TARGET\BIO\HINDI\MODULE_7\07-CIRULATORY-H.P65
Plasma 
100 ml 
0.29 m l O 2 , 0.5 ml, N 2
, 5 m l CO 2


Organic Par ts (7-9 %)
(i) Proteins : (6-7% max)

(a) Album in – (4%)  
–  
– Plasma Protein
–  blood  (BCOP)
 ( 28-32 mm Hg)
(b) Globulin (2-2.5%)
– 
Albumin Globulin 
 2 : 1 

H 85

–  
 
– 

 Globuli ns 
(i) - Gl obulin : 
Ex. Ceru loplasmin  (Cu)
(ii) - Globulin :  
Ex. Tra nsferin  (Fe) 
(iii) - Globulin :  

Antibody 
 Immunog lobulin

 

[A] IgG  - immuno)
[B] IgA  - im muno)
[C] IgM  - immuno)
[D] IgD  - im muno)
N
[E] IgE  - immuno)
(c) Prothrombin = (0.3%)  
0
(d) Fibrinogen = (0.3%) 



-2
Fibrino gen 
E Plasma Prot ein 
19


1. 
Ery throcyte 
(R.B.C) - (Erythrocyte)

 (Biconcave) 
20
(Circul ar) 
LL
1.
2. R. B.C  R.B. C 

n

io
3. R. B.C R.B. C 

Haemoglob in  
ss
 R.B.C  (Biconvex),   (Oval shaped)

R.B.C  E.R 
(
Se
4. E.R . 
R.B. C   
 
R. B.C 
A

Stromatin 
5. R. B.C Plasma  Donnan's memberane 

Cl , HCO 3 
– –
Na , K 
+ +
6. Sp ongy  R.B. C (7.5 ) (5) 


7. R. B.C Mitochondria  

8. Mito chondria R.B. C 
  R.B. C 
glycolysis 
Enzymes  enzyme  
9.  Antigen , R.B.C  
10. Rh Antige n  R.B. C  

11.  R.B. C  R.B. C 
 
12. R. B.C   

86 H

1
13.  
R.B. C  26  
 
67,20 0 Dalton 
2
14. R. B.C
60%  
40%  
15. 
R.B. C  36% 
 90% 

–  

Haem 5%
Globin 95%
1. Haem
– 
–  
Iron, Fe +2 
Haem oglobin O 3 

Haemoglob in, Methmoglobin

Haemoglob in,Oxygen  Oxyhaemogl obin  
 
N

O 2 
2. Gl obin (Protein Part) :-
Globin protein 
Polypeplide 

0
(i)  –Polypep tide chain  141 A. A.
-2
E(ii)  –Polypeptide chain  146 A. A.
19
(iii)  –Polypeptide chain  146 A. A.
(iv)  –Polypeptide chain  146 A. A.

20

LL
(i) Hb.A 1 (Adult Hb.) 2 + 2 
(ii) Hb.A2 (Adult Hb.)  2 + 2 
n
(iii) Hb.F (Foetal Hb.)  2 + 2 
io
Size of R.B.C
Human 7.5 
ss

– R.B.C  Anisocytosis 
 
R.B. C Size 
Vit B 12  
Macrocyte  
Spleen 
Se

R.B.C 
 
A
 Iron (Fe) Micr ocyte  

Spleen 
Shape of R.B.C
1. R.B.C Biconcave 

2.  
(Poikil o cytosis) 
3. 

R.B. C 

Burr cells 
4.   
R.B. C 
5. R. B.C 
Hypotonic 


6. R. B.C 
Hypertonic 
Life span of R.B.C is 120 days

120-1 27 
H 87

R.B.C Count 
R.B.C 
Human : Male5.5 Million (55 
Fema le :4.5 Million
 1 Mill ion
New born boby : 6.5 –6.8,
Rabbit : 7 Million
Frog : 0.4 Million
R.B.C 

Type s of Anemia :
(i) 
B12  (Macrocyti c, Anaemia)
(ii) Fe(Micr o cytic, Aanemia)
(iii) 
(Accident) – (Normocytic, Anaemia)

 R.B. C 
R.B.C count  

Formation of R.B.C
1. R.B.C Erythropoie sis
N
2. R.B.C Erythropoie tic Organ
3. R.B.C 
Er ythropoietin Hormone  
& little quantity by liver.
4. R.B. C 
Yolk sac 

0
5. 
 R.B. C 
Placenta, Liver, Spleen  Thymus gland  
-2
6.  R.B.C 
 


7.
E
1% R.B.C  R.B .C 
 
19
8. R.B. C Sple en  
Spleen  R.B. C  
9. R.B. C  
Sple en 
Blood Bank 
10. R. B.C Ghos t Plasma  

20
R.B. C 

LL
 (White Blood Corpuscles)
n
(W.B.C) 
Leucocyte   

io
TLC : Total leucocyte count 6000–8000/mm 3

. (± 2000-3000)
Leucocytosi s : TLC   
Virus
ss
Leucocytope nia : T.L.C  ,  AIDS  

Leukemi a : T.L.C  
Blood 
Se
(>1 lakh)
A
 W.B. C. 

1.  (Granulocyte ) :
1. 

2.  


3. 
 Polym orphonuclear W.B.C 
4.  
– 

(i) Acidophil s (ii)Basophils (iii)Neutrophils
2.  (Agra nulocyte)
1. 
2.  Mononuclear W.B.C 

3.  
(i)Monocyte (ii)Lymphocyte
88 H
H

Chara cteristics Acidophils Baso phils Ne utrophils Mo n o cyt e s Lym p h o cyt es
Size 10- 14µ 8-10µ (smallest 10-12µ 12- 20µ 6-16µ

granulocytes)
Life span 14 hrs 10 hrs 12 hrs less then 24 hrs in blood 5 to 7da ys in blood
stain with acidic dye like Basic dye like any dye (acidic/
Shape of
nucleus
eosin
Bilobed
A methylene blue
Two or three lobed,

S-shape
basic/neutral)
3 to 5 lobed Kidney / Bean

shaped
Large due to which
cytoplasm becomes
peripheral
Function/s They protect body Secret e and transport Phagocytic in nature. Also called scavengers – T–Killer – direct Kill microbes
against allergy and heparin, histamine Destory bacteria of blood because they – T–Helper – Stimulate
parastic infections. and serotonin and viruses by engulf damaged or dead – B – Lymphocyts to produce
phagocytosis. and minute bits of blood antibody
corpuscles. – T–Suppersor – Suppresses
– T– Killer and protect immune system .
– B-lymphocytes–Produce and
transport antibodies.
Se
LL
Number 2–3% of TLC 0.5 -1% (minimum in no.) 60-65% (maximum in no.) 6-8% of TLC 20-25% of TLC
of TLC of TLC
ss
Special point Acidophils  called – Due to their smaller size Macropoliceman
Eosinophilia occurs and phagocytic nature they
E io
during taeniasis, n are called micropoliceman
Ascariasis, Hay fever of blood
Diagram
20 N
19
-2
89
0


(PLATELETS)
1. Size 2–3  

2. Life Span 2 4 5 
3. Thrombocy te count 1.5 3.5 /mm 3


4. 
Thrombocy te 

5. 

 
Mega karyocyte cells 


6. 
Biconvex , Disc like Oval shaped 

Note :  spindle corpuscl es 
spindle sh aped 
7.  
Basoph elic granules 
8. 

Thrombosthe nin 

N
9. 

Thrombocy topenia
10. 
(Criti cal count of thrombocyte) 40,000/mm 3

0
11.  (Red spots) 
 purpura 
-2
Functions of
E Thrombocyte:
(i) 

Endoth elium 
Platel et plug 

19

(ii) 


(5 hydroxy tryptamine) 
 20

III 
LL
(iii)

n
(BLOOD CLOTTING)
io



ss
Bleedi ng time : 1-3 min

Clotting time : 2-8 min
Se


A
(i) Thr ombus Clot :

1. 

2. 
 He art Attack 
 
3. 

Cephali c Thrombus 
(ii) Ambolus Clot :
1. 

2. Am bolus Clot 
 
Thrombus 

Enzyme Casca de Theory :-
Mac Farlane 
Co-workers 
90 H


1. Thr omboplastin 


 Exo-Thro mboplastin  
Platelets Endothromboplastin  Thrombo plastin Ca +2
 
Plasma  Pro-Th rombinase/Thrombokinase enzyme 

 enzyme  Anti Heperin 
2. Pr o-thrombin Thrombi n 


Pro-th rombinase enzyme, Plasma 

Pro-Thr ombin Thrombi n 

Ca +2


3. Fibrinogen fibrin 

Plasma 

 
Thro mbin Protein 
  
 

N



0

Seru m 
Antibody 
-2
Blood
E – Corpuscles = Plasma
19
Plasma – Fibrinogen = serum

(Clotting Factors) :-
1. 

20
LL
2. 

n
3. 

io
4. 
Vit K 
ss
I Fibrino gen
II Prothrombin
Se
III Thromboplastin
A
IV 
Ca ++  Co-facto r
V Proaccele rin
VI Accelerin 
VII Proconve rtin
VIII AHG Anti Haemophilic globulin A

 
IX Christmus Factor /Plasma thromboplastin co-factor
X Stuwart Factor
XI PTA (Plasma Thromboplastin Anticident)
XII Hagman Factor 

XIII FSF -Fibrin Stalizing Factor (Laki lowand Factor)
H 91

Blood Gr oups :

Antigen , R. B.C  

Agglutinogen 

Antigen Antibody Serum/ Plasma 

Antigen 
Antibo dy 

Glyco-P roteins 

Antigen Antibody 


A,B,AB 
O
A, B 
 O  
(father of bl ood groups)
Blo od Group Antigens on RBCs Anti bodies in Plasma Donor’s Group
A A anti-B A, O
B B anti-A B, O
N
AB A, B nil AB, A, B, O
O nil anti-A, B O
0
  'O ' ( 
-2
  AB (  
E
19
RH FACTOR
RH 

Rhesus  20

R.B. C  
LL
RH Antigen
RH Antigen 

n
RH + 
io
RH An tigen 
RH +  RH – 
ss
India 
RH + = 97%
Se
RH –
= 3%
A
World 
RH + = 80%
RH – = 20%
RH + 
RH –

Antibody 

(1) RH + RH –



RH An tibody 

R.B. C Clumping)

Agglutinatio n of Blood 
AB+  O – 

 
92 H

(2) RH — RH +  
RH +  

RH Antibody 
R.B. C Clumping (
  Erythrablastosis foetal
 is 
RH Antibody 
72    
RBC   
  
Antibody 
GOLDEN KEY POINTS
1. P acked Cell Volume [PCV] :- 

(R.B.C.+W.B.C.+Platelets)
2. Haematocrite Volume [HV] :- 

R.B. C 

3. PCV  H V
 99% R.B. C 

 
W.B.C 
Platelet 

N
1%
4. 
R.B. C Enzyme 
 Enzyme CO 2 
 
0

 Zinc 


-2
5.
E 
 1.34 ml O 2 
19
6. 100 ml 15 gm Haemo
 globin 

7. 100 ml 
20ml O2 
8. Si ze of R.B.C
20
LL
•  
 R.B.C , Amphi bia 
 Amphiuma (size 75-80 )
n
• 
 
R.B.C 

Musk Dee r (size 2.5 )
io
9. 
 R.B. C Elephant (9-11 )
ss
New Born  100 days

Se
Rabbit  80 days
A
Frog  100 days

10. R.B.C 

Polycy themia  
O2


11. 

erythropoet ic 
12.  RBC 


13. RBC 

14. 
Neutrophil 
 Barr bo dy 
 x-chromo some 
 

15. 
AB 

De-costello) 

(Sturli) 
16. HbF  Hb (H b A)

H 93

BEGINNER'S BOX-1
1. 

(1) RBC (2) WBC 
(3) (Plalelet) 
(4) 
2. DLC 

(1) 0 - 2% (2) 2 - 8% (3) 25% (4) 65%
3. 

(Critical count of platelet)
(1) 40,000/mm 3
(2) 1 lac /mm 3
(3) 2 lac /mm 3
(4) 4 lac /mm 3
4.  
RBC 
N
(1) Membrane bounded cell organcelles (2) Carbonic anhydrase
(3) Haemoglobin (4) Enzyme of glycolyte pathway
0
5. 

-2
E

(1)  +  (2) 
+ 
19
(3)  
+  + 
(4) 
6. macro police man  20

LL

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
n
io
ss
Se
A
94 H

 (CIRCULATION)



O 2 
 CO 2 


 
NH 3 
" 
" (mesoderm) 

 
(1)  
(1)  



(2)  (2)  
 (3) 
N
(3)
 
 
0

-2
(1)  (Blood vascular syste 
m) :- 
(2)
E
(Lym phatic system) -  (Lymph vessels), 
 (Lymph
19
nodes) (Lymph organ) 

TYPE OF BLOOD CIRCULATION IN VERTEBRATES
20
LL
Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Crocodiles, Aves, Mammals
n
No. of heart Chambers 2 3 3 4
io
Atria (Atr ium) 1 2 2 2

ss
Ve ntricles 1 1 1 2
Se
Type of circulation  

 
 

A

(1)  " " 

      

"
" (Single h eart circuit) 
(2) 



(3) 

(mammal s) 



H 95

 "   
 " (pulm onary heart) 
 "   
" (syste mic heart)
 " (Double h eart circulation) 
"

" 
"(Wil liam Harvey) 

 
GOLDEN KEY POINTS
Sunus
venosus
Pulmonary arch
Systemic arches Pulmonary trunk
Sinus Truncus Aorta
venosus arterious
N
0
Sinus SEPTUM
-2
venosus
Pisces Amphibia Reptile Bird / Mammal
E (Except crocodilians)
19
  
(Sinus venosus, conus arterious) :-  

20

LL
n
io
TYPES OF CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
1. Single Circuit :- Example Fishes

ss
HEART
Se

A

Gills

Body P arts
2.  
(Tra nsitional type circulation) : 

Exampl e – 

3. Dou ble circulation :- Exampl e - Birds, Mammals
96 H

LUNGS
Smaller Cir cuit 
(1) Pulmonary circuit

RA LA
HEART
RV LV
Greater Circuit
 (2) Systemic circuit

ORG ANS
N
Path of Blood in Double Circuit (Man)
0
-2
Lungs
E Pulmonar y artery
19
Pulmonary vein
RA LA
20
LL
RV LV Dorsal Aorta
Vena cava
n
(great veins) Heart
io
ss
Smooth Muscle
Lumen
Vein
Se
Body parts Lumen

Artery Smooth muscle
A
Capilary
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
1. "
" 

(1) 
 (2) 
 (3) 
 (4) 

2. 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
3. 
(1)  (2)  (3)  
(4) 
H 97

4. 

(1)  (2) 
 (3)  (4) 

5. 

(1)  (2)  (3) 
1 2 (4) 

6. 
(1)  (2)  (3) 
 (4) 
7. 
(1)  (2)  
(3)  (4) 
8. 

(1)  (2) 
 (3)  (4) 
N
9.  (ventricls) 



(1)  (2)  (3)  
(4) 
0
-2
E (Struc ture of Heart )
19
  (Exter nal structure) :
  
(mediastinal space)   
(
)  20


LL

  


n
 
(Pericardial
io

fluid)  
Pericardium 
ss
 


Se
A
(1) 
(2) 


(i)  
(Epicor dium)  
simple squamous epithelium 
(ii) 
(Myocardi um) -  
(iii) 
(Endocardium) - simple squamous epithelium 
  
(four chambered) 

300 

(auricular part) 

(ventricular part) 

98 H

Right su bclavian artery Brach icephalic artery

Right common carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
Superior vena cava Left subclavian artery
Arch of aorta
Right pulmonary artery Descending aorta
Ligamentum arteriosum
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary veins
Left pulmonary veins
Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk

Right atrium Left atrium
Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery
Left ventricle
Coronary sulcus Anterior int erventricular sulcus
Right ventricle
N
Inferior vena cava
Descending aorta
0

 " 
" " 
" (coron ary sulcus) 
-2
 E
19
(a)  
(Auric les) :- 

 (inter auricular sulcus) 
(right au ricle) 
  20
(left auricle) 
LL
(b)  (Ventric les) :-  
(inter - ventricular groove) 

n
 (right ven tricle) 
 (left ventricle) 

io
 
(left ventricle)  
(muscular) 
ss

 

Se

(System -
A
ic heart)

CO 2 



(Pulmonar y heart) –




H 99

Left c ommon carotid artery Left subclavian artery

Brach icephalic artery
Superior vena cava Ligamentum arteriosum
Aortic arch
Descending aorta
Right pulmonary artery Left pumonary artery
Open ing of left pulmonary veins
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary aorta Left pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Opening of superior vena cava Aortic semilunar valve
Right atrium Bicuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Chordae tendineae
Opening of inferior vena cava
Tricuspid valve
N
Papillary muscle
Right ventricle Left ventricle
Interventricular septum
Inferior vena cava
0
-2
E Fissures Columnae carneae
19
20
LL
Left common carotid artery
Brach icephalic artery
n
Left subclavian artery
io
Superior vena cava Aorta

ss
Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery

Se
Pulmonary semilunar valves

A
Left pulmonary veins

Left atrium
Right atrium
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve Aortic semilunar valves
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
100 H


(Vesse ls)
 
- 
(coronary
sinus) 
coronary 
 

  - 


 - 


  - 

(Walls)
 - 
(musculipectinati)
N

AV-
 - 

(trabeculae carnae or columnae carnae) 
0
(rough) Papillary 
 
-2
E 

(chordae tendinae) AV-
 
Papillary 
19

AV-

(Valve s)
20
LL

- 
(Valve) 
 
n
(Eustachian
valve)  
IVC 
io
(Foramen ovule)
 
            
ss
(Thebasian valve)  


-  (pulmonary vein) 
 
Se

A
 - 
AV   (Tricuspid valve) 
/cusps 
 AV 
(Bicuspid / mitral valve)  
/cusps  

 -  (Pulmonary artery)  
(Pulmonary semilunar v alve)  
 -  
(systemic aorta)  (Aortic
semilunar val ve) 

cusps 



H 101

GOLDEN KEY POINTS
1. 


2. 


3. 



(Coronary circulation)
 

N


(Heart beat)
0

-2
 
1.
E

19
2. 

e.g. 
 e.g 

20
LL

(Cond ucting system of heart)
n
 
io


ss
Se
Sinu-auricular node
Left atrium
A
Right atrium
Inter nodal pathway Auriculoventricular node
Bundle of H is
Interventricular septum
Right bundle branch of H is
Left ventricle
Left bundle branch of HIS
Right ventricle
Purkin je fibres
102 H


S.A. Nod e (Pacemaker)

Inter nodal pathway

A.V. Node

Bund le of His

Purkinje fibres (Rt & Lt)
Note :-  
 
  "  
 " 

(Sinu - auricular node or S.A node) 
  "
 "(Pulsation center)  (pacemaker) 

 


N
  "  "  "  " (atrio - ventricular node or A.V. node)
 (Inter auricular septum)  

0

"  " (Bundle of His) 
 
-2


" 
E " (Purkinje's fibres) 

19

 SAN  (70-75  ) 
  

20

LL

 (systole)
n
 (Diastole) 

io

  
ss


Se
 - 72 per min.

A
 - 21 0 per min.


120-140 per min
 
 25/min 

BEGINNER'S BOX-3
1. 
(1) S.A.  (2) A.V.  (3) 
 (4) 
2. 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 

3.   
(1)       
(2)  
      
       
(3)  (4)  
H 103

4. 
(1)  (2)  
(3)  (4) 
5. 
 ( 
) 
 (2) 
(1)  
(3)  
(4) 
6.  

(1)  
(2)  (3)  
(4) 
7. 
(1) AV node  S A node  Bundle of His  Purkinje fibres
(2) SA node  AV node  Bundle of His  Purkinje fibres
(3) SA node  Bundle of His  AV node  purkinje fibres
(4) AV node  Bundle of His  SA node  Purkinje fibres
(5) SA node Purkinje fibres  Bundle of His  AV node
N
8.         -   
(1)    (2)    (3)   (4)  
0
-2

(Regulation of heart beat)
E
 
19
(a)  (Nervous control) :-   
" "
(cardiac cent er)  
  20
LL
(i) 
(Cardio accel erator center)
(ii) (Cardio inh ibitory center)
n
 
(Sympathetic nerves ) (S.A. node)  
io
 
  
(Cardio inh ibitory)  (Cardiac branch of vagus nerve ) 
(S.A. no de)
ss
 

Se
(b)  (Horm onal control) :-

A
(1)  (sympath etin) 

 
(2) 
" " (Acetylcholine) 
(3) 


(thyroxine) 

Key Points
Hormonal control Adrenaline –  Rate
Nor adrenaline –  Rate
Thyroxine –  Rate
Autonomi c Nervous System Sympathetic –  Rate
Parasympathetic –  Rate
Vagal stimulation releases Acetyl choline –  Rate
104 H


 
90 

1. (Tem perature)
2. 
(Stimul ation by sympathatic nerves)
3. 
(Weak conditi on of the heart)
4. 
(Shock/Loss of blood)
5. (Exer cise)

(Bradycardi a)  60 
 

N
1. (Tem perature)
0
2. 
(Stimul atim by parasympatthatic vagus)
-2
3. 
E (Stronger condition of the heart)
19
 (Car diac cycle)
20

LL

n

io
ss
 
 (cardiac cyc le) 

 (Atrial systole) 
Se

A
(atrial diast ole) 

•8 •1 •8 •1
– 

– 

•7 •2 •7 •2
•6 •3 •6 •3
•5 •4 •5 •4

 

H 105

Joint D iastole 0.8 –0.4 =0 .4 sec. ( 

)

(single cardiac cycle)-
(1)  = 0.1 sec  = 0.8 sec


(2)  = 0.7 sec 
(3)  = 0.3 sec 
 = 0.8 sec
(4)  = 0.5 sec 
  (ventricular systole) 

 
(ventricular
diastole) 
 
 60/72 = 0.8 
0.8 0.1
– 
 
– 

 0.2
N
0.7
0
0.3
0.6
-2
E 0.5 0.4
19
Common diagram showing events of both auricles & ventricles
Events of both auricles & ventricles
(1)
 

20
(ventricular systole) :-  
LL

“  
:-  "
n
(a) ”- (I sometric contraction)
 "   
Lubb 
io
(b) "  "- (Period of ejection) :-  

 (semilunar valve) 
ss

 (left ventricles)  (right ventricles) 

Se

A
(2)   (Ventric ular diastole) :-   

 Dup 

(a) “  ” - (Isometric relaxation ) :- 

(b)  (Rap id - inflow) :- 
 " " 


(c)   (Diastasis) :-  
(inflow) 
 
(3)  (Auric le systole) :-  

(4)  (Auric le diastole) :-  

106 H


 120 milil itres 

End diastolic volume 
70 mililitres 
 
Stroke volume  systole 

End syst olic volume 
 (120 – 70 = 50 ml)
End diastolic volume 

Ejection fraction 
 
60%  (7/12)
Cardi ac output : 

 
aorta 
 5 litre/minut e 

 
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate.
N
 End diastolic volume  120 ml.
 End systolic volume  50 ml.
0
Stroke Volume = EDV – ESV = 70 ml (approx)
-2
E 
(Heart - Sound)
19
 
HEART SOUND 20
LL
I Heart Sound II Heart Sound
n
1. LUBB DUP
Intensity
Intensity
io
ss
t im e tim e
2. 
 
Se
3. 
 

A
4. 
AV  


 
"Murmur" 
BEGINNER'S BOX-4
1. 

(1)  (2) 

(3) 
 (4) 

2. 


(1) " "  " " 
(2) 
(3) 
 ""  (4) "" 
H 107

3.  
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
4. 

(1) Right ventricle Pulmonary aorta Tissues Pulmonary veins Left auricle
(2) Right auricle Left ventricle Aorta Tissues Veins Right auricle
(3) Left auricle Left ventricle Pulmonary aorta Tissues Right auricle
(4) Left auricle Left Ventricle Aorta Arteries Tissues Veins Right auricle
5. 
(1)  
(2)  (3)  (4) 1 
2 
6.    

(1)        (2)       
(3)  (4) 
               
N
7. 
(1) 
 (2) 
0
(3) 
 (4) 

-2
8. 
E
  :
19
   
(1)  (2) Pulmonary   
Aortic  
(3) Mitral 
Tricuspid  
 (4) Mitral 
Tricuspid  

(Blood Pressur
20
e or B.P.)
LL
 
n
 (Blood Pressure) 
io

 :-   (Higher - limit) 
ss
(1) (Systoli c pressure) (Pumping Pressure)

 120 mm Hg  
Se
(2)   (Diastoli c pressure) (Resting Pressure) :-  (lower - limit) 
A

 - 80 - mm Hg 
 
  " " "  " (sphygmoman ometer) 
  
(arm)  (brachial artery) 
[ (B.P) :12 0 / 80 mm Hg  
]
:-  Vaso motor 
  B.P. 
(pulse) :-  (Radial artery) 
 
 "  "(sphygmometer) 
 ""(sphygmograph)  
= 
(Pulse pressure) = Systolic B.P. – diatol B.P.
108 H


(Disorders Related to the Circulatory System)


1. (Hype rtension) 

120 mmHg 80 mm Hg 

140mm Hg 
90mmHg 

(hypertensio n) 
 

2. (Hypote nsion) 
100 mmhg 
 70 mm hg
N



(Var icose veins) 
0
3.


-2
E

saphenou s vein 
19

varicose 

Ather osclerosis Arteriosclerosis
1.  Lipid (Cholestrol) 
 20
Calcium Cholestro l 

LL
(Atheromato us plaque)  

n
2.
Plaques  

io
3. Platelet derived growth factor Plaque

 (Calc ium 

Cholestr ol
ss

4. 

Se
5. 

A

  
Nitric oxid e 

4. Hear t faliure : 




5. Heart b lock  AV  Heart B lock 

H 109


(Blood - Vessels)
 (1) 

 (2) 
 (veins) (3) 



(1)  (Tunica ex terna) :-  

(2)   (Tunica me dia) :- 

(3)  (Tunica inte rna) :-  (squamous epithelium)  

"
(endot helium)" 


 

 
(elastic) 

(Non-collapsable)
N


  (non elastic) 
 
 
(Blood capillaries)   " (endot helium) 
" 
0

(perforat ed) 
-2


E
19
ARTER Y CAPILLARY VEIN
T.Ext erna T.Externa
T.Me dia Capilla ries 20 T.Media
LL
n
io
Arteriole Venule
T.Interna T.Interna
ss
Capillary system discovered

Inter nal Elastic Lamina by Marcello malpighi
Se
(ARTERY) 
(VEIN)
A
1  1 

2  2 

  blood)
(pure
3 
 
3 
4 
 
4 
5  5 (Lumen)
6 (valves) 6 
7  7 

8  8 

110 H

GOLDEN KEY POINTS
 


" 
" (Vasa - Vasorum) 
Flow chart of Circulation of blood
Jugular vein Carotid artery

Head & Neck
Subclavian vein Subclavian artery

Forelimbs
N
Superior vena cava
0
-2
RA LA
E RV LV
Dorsal aorta
19
Pulmonary
artery
Lung
20
Pulmonary vein
LL
Lung
Hepatic artery
n
Hepatic vein
Liver
io
Hepatic
Superior
portal vein Leino Gastric artery mesenteric
ss
artery
Inferior vena cava
Gut Inferior
mesenteric
Se
artery
Segmental lumbar Segmental lumbar
A
veins artery
Trunk
Renal vein Renal artery

Kidneys
Genital vein Genital artery

Gonads
Iliac Iliac
vein Posterior artery
&
Hindlimbs
H 111


(Portal system)
 
" 
" 


(1) 

(Renal portal system)
(2) 
(Hepatic portal system)
(3) 

(Hypophysial port al system)
(1) 
(Renal portal system) :- 



N

(2) 
(Hepatic portal system) :- 
(mammals) 
0

 
-2


E
 
:- 
19
(3) (Hypothalamo - hypophysial
portal system) 


Hypothalamus 
hypophysial portal vein 
Ant. lobe of Pituitary gland 
adenoh ypophysis  20
Hypothalamus Hor mones 
LL
Pituitary glan d 
 
(Lym phatic system)

n
io

ss
Lym ph :- (Blood – RBC + platelets ) or (Plasma + WBC)
  CO 2 

Se


RBC 
A
 
  W.B.C 

 W.B.C 

 
 (second circulatory system) 
 

R.B. C 

(colourless) 


 
(soluble prot ein) 
 
(Lacteals) 

112 H

Blood capillary
RBCs
Bacteria
WBCs
Plasma
Arteriole
Venula
Cell debris and bacteria Lymph capillary
N
Chemi cal exchange between blood, tissue fluid and tissue cells
 (Blood)  (Lym ph)
0
1.  1. 
-2
2. 
E 2. 
19
3. 
 3. 

4. 
 4. 

5. O2 CO 2 
 5. O2 20 CO 2 

LL
 
6. 
 6. 

n
7. WBC  7. WBC 
io
8. 
 8. 

ss
Circul ation of Lymph in Lymph Vessels :-

Se
Heart
A
Superior ven acave

Blood c apillary
Right sub. clav ian Left sub. clavian
vein vein
Interstitial fluid Hea d, neck Hea d, neck, left part of thorax,
Right part of thorax left ant limb, both hind limbs,
& hand alimentary canal, Abdomen
Right lymphatic Left tho rasic lymphatic

Lymph
duct duct
Lymph capillary Lymp h vessels
H 113

Cervical lymph nodes
Left jugular vein
Right lymphatic duct
Left subc lavian vein
Right Subclavian vain
Axillary lymph no des (Armpit)
Thoracic duct Intestine

Lacteals
Cisterna chyli
Mesenteric lymph nodes
Inguinal lymph nodes (Groin)
N
Lymphatic system of mammals shown in man (ventral view
0

-2
(a) (lymph nodes) :-

E "
" 
19

(1) 
(2)  20
LL
(3) 



n
(4)


io

(Neck) 
 
ss
 

(Splee
Se
 n)
A
 
 
" 
" (Blood bank) 
 
"R.B.C  
" (graveyard o f R.B.C) 
 
 "  
" (Me soderm) 
 

 

 
 " " (splenic
pulp ) 
(1)  
(white pulp) :-  

(nodules) 


114 H

Splenic lob ules
Visceral peritoneum
Capsule
Trabeculae
White pulp
Arteriole
Venous sinusoid
Red pulp
T. S. Spleen
N
(2) (Red pulp ) :- 

(venous sinu ses) 

(splenic
0
cord) 
-2
 

E

 (cor d of billroth ) 

19
  (Phagocyte) 
 "
 " 


20
LL

(function of spl een) :-
n
(1) 

io
(2) 


(antibo dies) 

ss
(3)
(4) 
"" 

Se
(5) 

A
(6)  RBCes 

 
BEGINNER'S BOX-5
1.   
:- 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
2. 


(1)  
(2) 
(3) 

(4) 

3. 

(1)  (2)  (3)  
(4) 
H 115

4. " 
" 
(1)  (2) 
 (3) 
 (4) 

5. 
RBC 

(1)  (2)   (4) 
(3) 
6. 
(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 
7. 
(1)  
(2) 
N
(3)  
(4) 


0
8.

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
-2
E
19
20
LL
n
io
ss
Se
ANSWER KEY
A
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6
BEGINNER'S BOX-1
Ans. 1 4 1 1 1 3
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
Ans. 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 3
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEGINNER'S BOX-3
Ans. 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 1
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEGINNER'S BOX-4
Ans. 1 2 3 4 4 3 3 3
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEGINNER'S BOX-5
Ans. 2 3 1 3 4 3 4 2
116 H

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding
BLOOD 12.  RBC 


(1)  
(2) 
1. 

(3)  (4) 
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (3) 1 : 4 (4) 1 : 5
13. 
2. (
 
) 


(1) 
(1) 
 (2) 

(2) 
(3)  (4) 

(3) 


(4)  14.  WBCs       

:-
3.  (1)  
(2) 
(1) 
 (2)  
(3)  
(4) 
(3) 
(Hay fever) (4) 

N
15. _____ 
_____ 
  
4.  (antigen ) 
  
(1) (2)   (1) AB–, O + (2) O + , A B–
0
(3) RBC  (4) 
 (3) O –, A B+ (4) AB+ , O –
-2
5. E 
Hb  16. ABO 
(1) 
19
(1) 2  - 2  (2) 2  - 2 

(2) 
(3) 2  - 2  (4) 4 
(3) 
6. HbF (Fo etal Hb)
(1) 2  - 2 

 :-
(2) 2  - 2 
20
(4) 
LL
(3) 2  - 2  (4) 4  17.  
(1)  (2) 
n
7.   (3) 
 (4) 
io
(1) 4  (2) 9-12 

(3) 20-30  (4) 90  18. 
ss
(1) 

8.  (Hematocri t) 
 
(2) 
(1) 
Se
to plasma 
(3) 
(2) Platelet to plasma (4) 

A
(3) Blood cells to plasma

(4) RBC to plasma 
Z:\NODE02\B0AI-B0\TARGET\BIO\HINDI\MODULE_7\02-DIGESTIVE-H.P65
19.
9. Hb  
RBC  (1)  (2) 
(1) 3% (2) 10% (3) 36% (4) 46% (3)  (4)  
10. RBC  20. 

(
 ) 

(1) > 1 lac (2) < 10,000
(1) TCA cycle  (2) 

(3)  (4) 
(3) 10 - 20,000 (4) 

11.
21. 

(1) Na + + K +
 +
(2) Na + Prothrombin
(1) Globulin (2) Albumin (3) Na + + Thromboplastin
(3) Fibrinogen (4) Prothrombin (4) Ca ++ + Thromboplastin
H 117

22. 
33. 

(1)  
(2)  (1)  (2) 

(3)  
(4)  
(3)  (4) 
23.  

34. 
(1)  (1) 1 : 100 (2) 1 : 200
(2)  (3) 500 : 1 (4) 1 : 500
(3)  35. 
W. B. C. 
(4)  (1)  
(
)
24.   

(2) 
(1) 
 (2) 
 (3) 
 (4) 


(3)  
(4)  36. 
25.  (1)  (2) 
(1)  (3)  (4) 
N
(2)   37. 
(3)  
WBCs  (1) 
 (2) 
0
 
(3)  (4) 
-2
(4) 
E 38. 
26.  
(1)  (2) 

19
(
(1)  ) (3)   (4) 
(2) 
()
(3)  (
 ) 39.
(1) 
20

(2) 
LL
(4) 
(3)  (4) 



n
27.
(1) WBC (2) Lymph 40. 
io
(3) Plasma (4) Blood (1)   (2) 

(3)  (4)  
ss
28.  

(1)  (2)  41. 
Se
(3)  (4) 

 (1) 
A
29. 
 

(1)  (2)  (2) 
(3)  (4)  (3) 


(4) 

30. 100 ml 
 
(1) 15 gm (2) 20 gm 42. HB A 2 

(3) 10 gm (4) 5 gm (1) 2 2 (2) 2 2
(3) 2 2 (4) 2 2
31. micro police man 

(1)  (2)  43.       
(3)  (4)  
(1)  (2) 
32. 
 
RBC 
(3)  (4)  
(1) 1 (2) 5 (3) 10 (4) 20
118 H

44. 
 56. 
 :-

(1)  (2)  (1) AB–ve (2) O –ve
(3)  (4)  (3) O +ve (4) AB+ve
45.  WBC  

57.  

(1)  (2)  (1) A (2) B (3) AB (4) O
(3)  (4) 
58. 
:-
46.   (1) 60 – 65 % (2) 2 – 3 %
(1)  (2)  (3) 6 – 8 % (4) 20 – 25 %
(3)  (4)  
59.  
47.  WBC   
(1)  (2) 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
(3)  (4) 

60.  
N
48.   (1) VIII (2) VII (3) VI (4) V
(1)  61. 
(2) 
(1)  (2) 
0
(3) 
 (3)   (4) 

-2
(4) 
E 62.  'A'  
49. 
19
(1) A, AB, O (2) A, O
(1)   
(2)  (3) O (4) B, AB
(3)   (4)  
50. 100 ml. 

63. 
(1) 
20 (2) 
LL
(1) 1.34 ml. O 2 (2) 20 ml . O 2

(3)  (4) 
(3) 15 ml . O (4) 4 ml. O
n
2 2
51.  64. 

(Megakaryocytes) 
io
(1)  (2)  

(1)  (2) 
(3)  (4) 

ss

(3)  (4) 
52. 
WBC  65. 
'B' 

Se
(1) Acidophil (2) Basophil (1) Anti A (2) Anti B

(3)  (4) 

A
(3) Lymphocyte (4) Neutrophil
53. 


66.
 (1)  
(2) 
(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 2 
(3)  (4) 
54. 
 67. 

(1)  (2) 
 (1) 
 (2) 
(3)  (4)  (3)  
(4) 
55. T– 
 68.  
(1) 
 (2)  (1) Rh + Rh –  (2) Rh – Rh – 
(3) 
 (4) 
(3) Rh + Rh +  (4) Rh – Rh + 
H 119

69. AB  80.         
(1) A (2) B (3) AB (4) O (1)  (2) 
70 .  (3)   (4) 
(1)  (2) 
81.       
(3)  (4) 

(1)  (2) 
71 .  (3)  (4)  

(1)  (2)  82.     
(3)  (4)  (1)  (2) 
(3)  (4) 
72 . (Rh - ve) Rh -  
(Rh + ve) 
:- 83. 

(1) 
  
(2)   (1)   (2)   
(3)   (4)  
N
(3) 

(4) (1)  
(2) 84.    
(1)  (2) 
0
73.      (3)  (4) 
-2
(1) Na +  K+
E
(2) Na +   85.      
 ? 
19
(3) Na  
+ (1) Vitamin B 12
(2) Vitamin A
(4) Ca  
2+ (3) Vitamin D (4) Vitamin C.
74.     86. 

20
(1)    (1)  (2) Fe 2+
LL
(2)    (3) Fe 3+ (4)  
n
(3)   
87. 
(4)   
io
(1) 10% (2) 20%

75.    (3) 34% (4) 48%
ss
(1) 
 (2)  88. 


(3)  (4)  (1)   (2)    
Se
76.       

(3)  (4)  
A

(1)  
(2) 
89.  (Megakaryocytes)
(3)  (4) 
(1)      

77.       (2)      
(1)   
(2)    
(3)  
(3) 
  (4)  
 (4) O 2    
78.        
90.         
(1)  
(2) 
(1) 
 (2) 
 
(3) 
 (4) 

(3)     
(4) 
79.      
(1) 24  (2) 10  
91.    mm 
3 

(1) 4 million (2) 5 million
(3) 120  (4) 100 
(3) 6 million (4) 0.5 million
120 H

92. 
mm 3  
103. 
(1) 800 0 (2) 4000    
: - 
(3) 3000 (4) 16000
(1) – (2) 
–
93.       (3) – (4) 
–
(1)  (2) 
104. 
(3)  (4) 
 :-
94.    (1)  (2) 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
(3) EDTA (4) 

 
105 .
95. 
 :-
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
(1)  (2) 

(3) 
 (4)  106. 
  
pH  
  
N
96.
(1) 7.4 (2) 7.8 (3) 6.9 (4) 6.3 
–
(1) 
 (2) 
97.        (3)  
(4) 
0
(1) 
-2
IND RODUCTION (TYPES OF CIRCULATION)
(2)    
E
(3)       107. 
19
(4)       
(1)  (2)  
98.      

(1)  (2) 
20
(3)  
(4) 
LL
(3)  (4)  108.        
(1)  (2) 
n
99. 
(3)   
(4) 
io
(1)  (2) 


(3)  (4)  109.  :-
ss
(1) 
100. 
  (2) 
(1)  (2) 
Se
(3)      

(3)  (4)      
A
(4)    

STRUCT URE OF HEART, HEART BEAT,
101. CONDUCTING SYSTEM


  110.          

(1)  (2)  
(1) 
(3)  (4) 
 
(2) 
102.     (3) 

 
(4) 
  
(1)  
 111. 

(2)   (1)  (2) 

(3)  (3)  (4) 

(4) 

H 121

112. 

121. 
      (1)  
 
(2) 
 (3) 
(1)  (2)    (4) 
(3) 
(4) 

122.  
113.   
(1)  (2) 
(1)  (2) 
 (3)  (4) 

(3)  (4) 
123.  
114. 
 
(1)  
(2) 

(1)  (3) 
 (4) 

(2) 

(3)  124.  
N
(4)  (1)  (2) 
(3)  (4) 


115. 
0
(1)   125.            

-2
(2) 
(3) 
E  (1) 
(2) 

19
(4) 
 (3) (4) 
116. 126. "

 "  
(1) 
 (1) S.A.  20
LL

(2)  (2) A.V 
(3)  
(3) 
n

(4)  
(4) 
io
117. 127.           
 
ss
(1)   

(2)  
(3)   
(4)  
(1)  (2) 

(3)  
(4) 
Se
118.  

A
 
128. 
(1)    (1) 
(2)   
(2) 
(3) H 2 (4)  (3)  (4) 
119.  129. 

(1) 
 
(1) 
(2)  (2) 
(3)  (3) 
(4)  (4) 

120. 
" 
"  130. 
(1)  (2)  
(1)  (2) 
(3)  (4)  (3) 
 (4)  '2' '3' 
122 H

142. 
131.  
(1) 
 (2) 
 
(1)  
(2) 

(3)  
(4)  
(3)  (4) 
132. 143. 


 (1) 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  (2) 
(3) 
133.  
 
(4) 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 

134 .   144.   

(1)  
(2) 
(1)  
     
(3)  (4) 
 (2)  
      
N
135.    :- (3)        

(1)   (2) 
  (4)  
(3)  (4)  
0
145. 
-2
136. 
 :-    
E
(1)   (2)      
(1) 
19
(3)        (2) 
 
 
(4)  (3)   
(LADA)
(4) 
   
20
137. 

By p ass
LL
146. 

  :-
(1)  (2)    
n
(1) AV  
    
SA   
(3)  (4) 
io

138. Pulmon ary  
Aortic  (2) SA  

AV  

ss
 :- (3) 

AV  AV 
 
 
(1) Legamentum Arteriosus (4) SA  AV 
     

Se
(2) Ductus Arteriosus


(3) Foramen ovale (4)  
A
147.       

139.    
:-
(1)  (2) 

(1)    (2)   
(3)  (4) 
(3)  (4)  
148.      
140. (Congenital heart desease) 
(1)      
(1) Patent ductus arteriosus
(2) Patent foramen ovale (2)     
(3) Ventricular septa defect (3)      
(4)  (4)     
141.   2 
   
:- 149. 
    
(1) <72/min. (2) 60 to 72/min. (1)  
(2) 
(3) >72/min. (4) 16/min.
(3)  (4) 
H 123

150.         157.        
(1)   (1) S.A. Node (2) A.V. Node
(3) Purkinje fibers (4) Papillary muscles
     
(2)       158.        :- 
(3)       
(1) 
(4)  (2)    
(3)         
151.       (4)          
(1)  (2) 
159.  
(3)  (4) 

152.       
(1)   (2)    (1)   (2) 
  
(3)    (4)  
(3)   (4)  
N
160.      
:-  
153.       
(1) 
 (2) 
 
(1) 
  
(3)   
(4) 
0
   
(2)  
161. 

-2
(3) SA 
E
(4) AV 
:-
(1) 
Internodal tract 
19
154.  
     (2)     
 
(1)  (2)   (3)    (4)   
  (4) 
(3)     162.
20
 
LL
155.  
    :-
   
(1) 
n
- I  - II
(2)      
io
a  p     

(3)  
 
       
(4)  
ss
b    q 

  163 .  
Se

(1) 
c  
 r   
A
(2) 

  

(3) 
   

(4) 
d  
 t    
    164. 
(1) 

  

(2) 
(1) a-q, b-t, c-r, d-p (2) a-t, b-p, c-q, d-r
(3) 
orbit 
(3) a-t, b-r, c-p, d-q (4) a-t, b-p, c-r, d-q

(4) 
156. 
    165.  
(1)  (2)  
(1)  (2) 
(3)   (4)   
(3)  (4) 
124 H

RE GULATION OF HEART BEAT, CARDIAC 176. 
CYCLE AND HEART SOUNDS (1)  (2) 
166.  (3)   (4) 1 2 

(1)  (2)  177.           
(3)  (4) 
(1)   
167.   (2) 
(1) X  (2) IX  (3) III  (4) V  (3) 
(4) 2  3 
168. 
 178.    
(1)  (2)   (1)       
(3)  (2)       
(4) 
(3)        
169. ""   (4)        
N
(1)  
179. 
(2)  
 
0
(3)  
(4)  (1)   (2) 
-2
(3) 
E  (4)  
170.  
19
(1) 
 (2)  180.       

(3)  
(4)  (1)       
171. 
20
(2) 

(3)        
LL
(1)  
(2)  (4) 
n
(3)   181.     “Dubb”    
io

(4) 
(1)      
172. Cardiac output    (2)     
ss
:-
(1) 15 Litres/min. (2) 5 Litres × 72/min. (3)       
(3) 5 Litres/min. (4) 5/72 Litres/min.
(4)       
Se
173. Acetyl choline  :-

A

(1)  (2)   182.   
:-
(1)   (2)  
(3)  (4)  

(3)    (4)  
174.    :-
(1) ‘LUBB’     183. 
(2) ‘DUBB’     (1)  (2) 
(3) ‘LUBB’       (4) 
(3)  
(4) ‘DUBB’     
184 . 

175.  
(1) 
(1)   (2) 

(2)   (3) 

(3)  (4) 

(4) 
H 125

BL OOD P RE SS URE, BLOOD VES SE LS ,
195. 

PORTAL SYSTEM AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (1) 
AND OTHERS (2) 

(3) 
185. 
(4) 
(1)  (2) 
 
(3)  (4) 


196. 

186.  (1) 

(1) 
 (2)  
(3) 
(2)  
(3) 
 
 (4) 

(4) 
 
197.       
N
187. 
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)  
(1)  (2) 
 
0
188. (3)  (4) 
(1)  
-2
198. 
(2) 
E 
(1)   (2)  
(3)  
19
(3)   (4)  
(4) 
199. 
" 
" 
189.  
(1)  (2) 

20
(1)  (2) 
LL
(3) 
 (4) 
(3)  (4) 
200.  
n
190.  
(1)  
(2) 
io

(1)  (2)   
(3)  
(4) 
(3) 
ss
(4)   201. 


Se
191.   (1)  (2)  

A
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 


(3)  (4) 

202. " "  

192.  (1) 

(1)   (2)  (2) 
(3)  (4) 
 (3) 


193.  (4) 

(1)  (2) 
( ) 
(3)   (4)  
203. 
194.   
(1) 120/80 mm  (2) 80/100 mm  
(3) 80/12 0  (4) 100/80 mm  (1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
126 H

204.  213. 
(1) 
(1)      
(2) 

(3) 
(2) 
(4) 
(3) 

205. 



(4) 

(1)  
(2) 
(3)  
(4)  
206. 
 214.  
(1)  (2)  
(3)  (4) 
 (1) 

N
207.  (2) 

(1) 
 (3) 

(2) 
 
0

(3) 

(4) 
-2
(4) 
E

19
208. 
 215. 
(1)  (2)  
20
(3)  (4) 
 
(1)  (2) 
LL

(3)  
(4) 
209.  
n
(1)   (2)  
216. 
io
(3)  (4) 

(1) 

ss
210.   (2) 


(1)  (2)  (3) 
 (4)  (3) 

Se
211.   (4) 


A
(1)  (2) 



217. 
(3)  (4) 

(1)   
(2) 
212.   (3) 
 (4) 
(1)  
(2) 
218.     
:- 
 (1)  (2) 
(3)   (3)   (4)  chambers

219. 
(4)  :-

(1) Carotid  (2) Pulmonary 
 (3) Pulmonary  (4) Aorta
H 127

220.    
 :-  229.         

(1) Pulmonary  (2) Pulmonary  (1)   (2)  
(3)   (4) 
(3) Coronary  (4) Cerebral 
230.     
221.  (Portal system) :-
(1)  

(2)   (1)   
       (2)  
(3)    
     (3)   

(4)  IVC  (4)   

231.         
222. 
     
(1) Ren al (2) Carotid
(1)    (2)  
N
(3) Phrenic (4) Right systemic
(3)     (4) 
223. 
232.     :-  
0
(1) O 2       
(2) CO 2   (1) 
 
-2
(3) 
E        (2)    
(3)      
19
(4) RBC s  WBC s 
   
(4)  
224.        
(1)    20
233.  
(1)   (2)  
LL
(2)    
(3)    (3)  (4) 
n
(4)      234.  
io
225.     

:-
(1)  
(2) 
ss
   

(1) 
 (2)   (3)  (4)   
(3)  (4) 2 3 
 
Se
235. 
A
226.     

  (1)   (2)   
(1)    (3) 
(2) 
    (4) 

(3) 
 (4)   
236.      
227.   
  (1)    (2)  
(1)   (2)   (3)    (4)  
(3)   (4)   
237.  
228.      
(1) 80 mmHg (2) 120 mmHg (1)  (2) 
(3) 40 mmHg (4) 320 mmHg
(3)  (4) 
128 H

238 . Coronary heart disease  240. 
(1) Strepto cocci bacteria (1) 90/60 (2) 120/85
(2) pericardium  (3) 110/70 (4) 140/100
(3)  valves 

(4) 
239. 
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
deoxygenat ed 
(4) 
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY
N
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 4 3 2 2 1 3 3 4
0
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
-2
Ans. 3 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 4 3 2 2 1 3 1
Que. 31 32
E 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. 1 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 2 1 4 3 2 4 1
19
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 2 2 4 1 2 4 1 3 2 3 4 3 4 3 3
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 7120 72 73 74 75
LL
Ans. 4 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 3 4 1 4 2 3
Que. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
n
Ans. 3 1 2 2 1 4 2 4 4 1 2 3 4 2 1
Que. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
io
Ans. 2 1 4 4 1 1 3 2 3 1 4 3 3 2 1
Que. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
ss
Ans. 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 4 3 3 1 1 4
Que. 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135
Se
Ans. 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 1 4 4 2
A
Que. 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
Ans. 1 3 2 4 4 3 1 4 2 3 4 2 1 2 1
Que. 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165
Ans. 2 4 3 4 3 3 1 2 2 4 2 1 3 1 3
Que. 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
Ans. 2 1 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 4 1 3 3 1
Que. 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195
Ans. 3 1 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 1 1
Que. 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210
Ans. 4 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 3 4 4 2 1 2 3
Que. 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
Ans. 2 4 4 3 1 3 4 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 1
Que. 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240
Ans. 1 4 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 4 1 4
H 129

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET & AIIMS (2006-2018)
AIPMT 2006 AIPMT 2009
1.  

7. ABO 
 ABC ABO  

"O" 

:-
(1) RBCs   A  
B 

(2) RBCs  A B 

(3) A 
B 
(1)  (2) 
  
(3) 
 (4)  (4) RBCs 
–
AIPMT 2007 
A  –B
2.  8.
 T- "T" 
 :-
 (1)  

(2) 
N
(3)  (4) 

    
(1)   (2)    9. 
:-
0
(1) RBCs 
WBCs  
(3)  
(4)  
(2) 

-2
3. 
E (3)  

(4) WBCs  
RBCs 
19
         
(1)         AIIMS 2011
(2)  

10. 

(3)  
20
 
(1)  (2) 
LL
(4)          
(3) 
 (4) 
n
AIPMT 2008 NEET-UG 2013
io
11. 

4.   
A  D 
ss
 
(1) 
 (2) 
 
Se
(3) 
 (4) 

A
5. 

 
(1) 
(2) 
(3)  
(1) D- 
-

(4) 

PO = 95 mm Hg
2
6.  (2) A-

 - 

 PO 2 = 60 mm Hg
(1) 
 (3) B- 
-
(2) 
 
PO 2 = 90 mm Hg
(3) 
 (4) C-
-
(4) 
PCO 2 = 45 mm Hg
130 H

AIIMS 2013 17.  
:-
12. 
 :  
(1) 
(1) 20-30%  (2) 

(3) 

(2) 20-25% 
  
(4) 
AIIMS 2016
(3) 60-65% 
 18. 

:-
(4) 200 000/mm 3

(1) 
 (2) RBC 
AIPMT 2014
13. (3) 
 (4) WBC 
 19. 

(1)  (1) 
(2)  
N
(2)   (3)   (4)  
 NEET( UG) 2017
(3) 
20. 
 RBC   
0

(4)  
-2

 
E 
(a) 
19
AIPMT 2015
14.  (b) 
  
    (c) 
(1) 
 
20
(d) 
LL
(2) 
 
n
(3) 
  
 (1)  (a) (2) (a), (c) 
io
(4)  (d)

(3) (b) (c) (4) (d)
NEET -I 2016
ss
15.  

:- 21.  
(1)    (1)  (2) 
Se
(2)  (3)  (4) 

A
(3)  


22. 
  

(4)   

NEET -II 2016
(a) 
16. 
(b) 

(c) 

:-
(d) 
(1) 
(2)   :
(3) 
 (1) (d) (2) (a) (b)
(4) 
(3) (c) (d) (4)  (c)
H 131

AIIMS 2017 
I  27.II 
 

 
23.  
 :-
(1)   I II
(2)   a.   i. 

(3)  b. 
 ii.  
c.  iii. 
(4) 

a b c
24. 

(1) iii ii i
(1) WBC's 
 (2) i ii iii
(2)  

(3) i iii ii
(3)  (4) ii iii i
(4) 
 AIIMS 2018
N
25. 
28. 

(1) 

0

(2) 
-2
(3)  (1) 
-K (2) 
-A
(4) 

E (3) -D (4) 
-E
19
NEET( UG) 2018 29. 

26.  
I  II 

 :
  (1) 20

LL
(2) 
 I II
(3) 

n
a.  
i. 
io
 (4) 


b.   ii. 
 

ss
30. :-


(1)  
(2) 

Se
c.  iii.   (4) 

(3)  
A

a b c
(1) iii i ii
(2) i iii ii
(3) i ii iii
(4) ii i iii
EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) ANSWER KEY

Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 2 1 3 4 2 2 1 1 4 2 4 4 1 2 3
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 4 1 3 1 4 1 1 2
132 H

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Check Your Understanding
EXERCISE -III(A) (NCERT BASED QUESTIONS) 5.       
 
.... ..............  
1.  
WBCs 

(a)  
(b) 

:-
(1) 
(c)  
(d) 
(2) 

(1) (a) (2) (a) 
(b)
(3) Rh 
(3) (a) 
(c) (4) (c) 
(d)
(4) Rh-
2.  
C 
A, B 
6. (A - D) 
:-

(A)  

   55  
(
)
(B) 
90-92 6-8 
N
 
A
2+ 
(C) 
+ Ca
D B  
0
C Fibrin (D)   
-2
E 
:- 
:
19
A B C (1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
(1) Thromoplastin Prothrombin Fibrinogen

7. W.B.Cs 
(2) Thrombin Fibrinogen Thrombo-

Kinase :-
20
LL
(3) Thromboplastin Thrombin Fibrinogen (1)  

(4) Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen (2)     
n
  
  
io
3. :-

(1)  (2) 

ss
(3)  ,  

(3)  
(4)  
Se
(4) 
.   
4.  (A-D) 

:-
A
A. 
RBCs 
8. 

 
B.  RBCs 
 5 5.5  (1) Heart attack
 (2) Cardiac arrest
C. 

RBCs  (3) Angina pectoris
D. 
RBCs 
 (4) Heart Failure
(
 ) 
  9 . 

 
:- 
(1)  (2)  (1) 
 (2) 

(3)  (4)  
(3)  
(4) 
H 133

10 .  15. 
(1)   (2)   (1)  
(3)   (4)   (2)  
11 .   (3) 
(4)  
(1)  
16 . 
(2)  
 
(3)  
(1) 
(SAN)
(4) 
(2)  (AVN)
12 .  -I -II 
(3) 
  -I  -II (4) 
A Cardiac arrest (i)   17 . 
  
N
B Heart Failure (ii)   (1) 
(SAN)
 (2)  (AVN)
(3) 
0
C Heart attack 
(iii) 
(4) 
-2
D Angina (iv)  
E
(1) A(i), B(ii), C(iii), D-(iv) 18 . 
19
(2) A(iv), B(ii), C(i), D-(iii) (1)  5000 ml 
(3) A(iv), B(i), C(ii), D-(iii) (2)  
(4) A(ii), B(iii), C(i), D-(iv)

20
13.  -I  -II  
(3)  
LL
 -I  -II
 
(A)  (i) 3-
n
(4) 
(B)  (ii)  
io
(C)  (iii) 4-


19 .  
(iv) 
ss
(1)  

(v) 2-
(2)  
(vi)  
Se
(1) A(i), (ii) B(iii), (vi) C (iv), (v) (3) 

A
(2) A (i), (iv) B(v), (ii) C (iii), (vi) (4) 

(3) A(v), (iv) B(i), (ii) C (iii), (vi) 20 . 

(4) A(iii), (ii) B(i), (iv) C (v), (vi) (1) 
1 4.  
(2)  
(A)  
(3) 

(B)  
(4) 

(C)  

21 . 
(D) 
(1)  
 
(E) 
(F)   (2)  
(1) A, C, E (2) D, E, F (3)  


(3) A, C, D (4) B, D, F (4)  
 
134 H

22 .   27. 
(1)  (1) 
(2) 30  

(2) 
(3) 


(4)  
23.   (3) 

  
(4) 
(1) S A  A V  A V   
EXERCIS E-III(B) (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
(2) S A  A V  
A V 
      :  
28.
(1)  (2) 
(3) S A  A V  A V   
(3)  (4) 
(4) S A  A V   A V  29.  ?
N
24.  (1)      
(2) 

(3)       
0
(1) 
(4)     
-2
(2)  30. 
E    
: 
(3)  
19
(1)         
(4)  (2)          
25.  III  (3)       
 (4)  
       
20
LL

 -I  -II
31.  
     
n
A.  i.  
 (1)  (2) 
io
B.   ii.   (3)   (4) 

C.  iii.   32.  
ss
  :


Se
(1)   (2)  

D.   iv.  
(3)   (4)   
A

(1) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv (2) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii 33.  RBC  

(3) A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv (4) A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv :
26.   (1) 
 (2) 
 :- (3)    (4)  
(1)  34.    
     
: 
(2)   (1) 
 (2) 

(3) 
 (4) 

(3)   35.         

    
: 
(4)   (1) 6.5-7.0  (2) 5.5-6.0 
 (3) 4.5-5.0  (4) 3.5-4.0 
H 135

36.        :  46.  pH :
(1) A +   
A +   (1) 7–8   (2) 2–4 
(2) A 
+  
A 
–  (3) 12–14   (4) 2–5 
(3) O 
+  O 
+  47.   : 
(4) O –  O +   (1)   –O (2)  
–AB
37.   (3)   –A (4)  
–B
 48. RBC    :
      :  (1) 50  (2) 70 
(1) Rh 
– Rh (2) Rh – 
+ Rh + 
(3) 120  (4) 220 
(3) Rh +  Rh + (4) Rh –  Rh – 
49.        
: 
38.  : (1) Co (2) Ca ++
(1)   (2)   (3) Na + (4) Cl–

(3)  (4)  50. :
39.     ?  (1) Fe ++ (2) Mg++
N
(3) Na ++ (4) Ca ++
(1)  (2)  
(3)  (4)  51.     
(1)  K (2) D
40.      K  
0
(3)   (4) 
   :
-2
(1) 
   52.    
: 
E
  
(2)  (1) Fe  (2) Na 
19
(3) 
     (3) Ca  (4) Mg 
(4)       53.       :
41.    : (1) 20
Ca ++  
(3) Ca ++  
E (2) Ca ++ 
A (4) K+ 
K
LL
(1)  (2)  K
(3) '1'  '2 '  5 4. RBC     
n
(4)   (1) 48% (2) 34%
  
(3) 10% (4) 20%
io
42. ABO       : 

55.     ?  
(1)   (2) 
ss
(1)   

(3)   (4) 
(2)  
43.  
Se
(3)  

(1)  (2) 

(4)  
A
(3) Ca 2+ (4) O 2 

56. 
44. 
   : 
 :
(1)  RB C 
(1)  
(2)  WBC 
(2)  
(3)      
(3)  
(4)     
(4)  
45.   
57. PH 
    : 
(1) 

(1) Rh +  Rh – 
(2) 
(2) Rh –  Rh + 

(3) 
PH  
(3) Rh +  Rh + 
(4) 
(4) Rh –  Rh – 
136 H

58. " "  63. 

(1) RBC   
(2)  (1)     
(2)     
 (3)    
(3)  (4)    
64.       :  
(4) 
59.  (1)   
(1)  (2)      

(2)  (3) 
   

(3) 
(4) 

(4)     
60.  65 . 
 
lymphat ic duct
 
N

(1)  (1) 
(2) 
 (2)  
(3)   (3) 
0
(4)   
(4) 
-2
61.  66.

E  
      
19
(1)   (2)   (1)    
(3)   (4)    (2)    
62.     20
(3)      
LL
 - I  - II (4)     
a   p  67. 
n
b  q  (1)   
io
c  (Alveoli) r  (2) 

d 
 s    
ss
t  (3)   

(1) a-s, b-r, c-p, d-t (2) a-r, b-t, c-s, d-p (4)   
Se
(3) a-r, b-s, c-t, d-p (4) a-s, b-q, c-p, d-t
A
EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) ANSWER KEY

Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 1 2 2 3 3 1 4
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 1 4 4 3 4 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 1 4
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. 4 1 4 4 3 2 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
Ans. 1 3 3 2 4 4 2
H 137

EXERCISE-IV (Assertion & Reason) Target AIIMS
             
          
(A)              
(B)               
(C)        
(D)       
1.  :    

  7. : 
B12 
:    


(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D  : B 12   
RBC 
      
:        
N
2. (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
   8. 

: 
: 

0
: 
 
-2
E (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

19
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D : 
9. Haemoglob in 22
chains  
3. :  'O'      
: 
'O' 

20
: Ha emoglobin  conjugate protein 
 Globin molecules 
4 polyp eptide chains 
LL
  
n
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
io
4. 10. :- 

:  
 
ss

:-  Ca +2 

: 

Se
 (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

A
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

11. : 
(Diastole) 

5. : Rh 

: 
 : Rh  (Rapid inflow stage) 

  
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
12. :  AV Node 
6. :  
Pecemaker 
 :       
: 
Neuro muscular
  con duction pathway 
AV node 
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D  
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
138 H

13.  :      21. :- LUBB (
  ) 
  
:- 
 : 
  
  (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
:- 
22.
14. :  

:-  
:  
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
 
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
15. :  
23. :- Atherosclerosis (  
) 
:  
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D :- Ca, 

16.  : 
N


(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
 24. :-  
0
: 
75% 
-2

 :- 
 
(1) A
E (2) B (3) C (4) D 
19
 
17. :- 
Nerve Supply  (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

25. 20
:-  
:-   
LL
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D   
:-  
n
18. :-       
 
io
RBC 
   (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
ss
:- RBC 


26. :-  
   :-  
Se
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D   

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
A
19. 
:-  
(Joint diastole) 
27. :- Myocardial infarction 
  

:-   
  :-  
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D      
Myocardial inf arction  
20. :-  (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

28. :-  ()
(SAN) 
  
:- (dupp)   :- SAN  
   
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
H 139

29. 
:-  33. :- 
 
:-  :- 

  
 
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
34. :- 
30. :-  

 :- 
 (cardiac output)  
:-   (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
  35. 
:- 
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D 
:- 
N
31. :- (Cardiac output) 
 
 (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
:- (athlete)  RBC 
:-  A 
B 
0
36.

-2
:- AB 
(1) A E (2) B (3) C (4) D (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
19
32. (LUBB) 
:- 
   
:- 
20
LL

n
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
io
ss
Se
A
EXERCISE-IV (Assertion & Reason) ANSWER KEY

Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 4 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 1 1 4 2 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 2
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36
Ans. 2 3 2 4 1 3
140 H
H

A
Se
LL
IMPORTANT NOTES
ss
io
E n
20 N
19
-2
141
0
142
A
Se
LL
IMPORTANT NOTES
ss
io
E n
20 N
19
-2

H

23 Body Fluids and Circulation 1589345889

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BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION S.No.

11. Blood vessels 110

12. Portal system 112

13. Lymphatic system 112

14. Exercise-I (Conceptual Question) 117

cardiothoracic surgeon.[2] After graduating from King George Medical

Medical Center Manhattan USA from 1971 to 1988. After a successful

managing director and chief cardiac surgeon of MedantaTM-The Medicity.

He has served as personal surgeon to the President of India since 1991,

Plasma   

 R.B.C  (Biconvex),   (Oval shaped)

5. R. B.C Plasma  Donnan's memberane 

6. Sp ongy  R.B. C (7.5 ) (5) 

 Iron (Fe) Micr ocyte  

TLC : Total leucocyte count 6000–8000/mm 3

Leucocytope nia : T.L.C  ,  AIDS  

 W.B. C. 

Chara cteristics Acidophils Baso phils Ne utrophils Mo n o cyt e s Lym p h o cyt es

Size 10- 14µ 8-10µ (smallest 10-12µ 12- 20µ 6-16µ

Two or three lobed,

3 to 5 lobed Kidney / Bean

Bleedi ng time : 1-3 min

(i) Thr ombus Clot :

2. Pr o-thrombin Thrombi n 

VIII AHG Anti Haemophilic globulin A

Blo od Group Antigens on RBCs Anti bodies in Plasma Donor’s Group

(1) RH + RH –

AB+  O – 

GOLDEN KEY POINTS

1. P acked Cell Volume [PCV] :- 

2. Haematocrite Volume [HV] :- 

 99% R.B. C 

New Born  100 days

Frog  100 days

10. R.B.C 

12.  RBC 

6. macro police man  20

Atria (Atr ium) 1 2 2 2

Type of circulation  

(1)  " " 

GOLDEN KEY POINTS

TYPES OF CIRCULATION OF BLOOD

1. Single Circuit :- Example Fishes

Body parts Lumen

Right su bclavian artery Brach icephalic artery

Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk

Left c ommon carotid artery Left subclavian artery

Superior vena cava Aorta

Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery

Pulmonary semilunar valves

Left pulmonary veins

Inferior vena cava

(Thebasian valve)  

Inter nodal pathway Auriculoventricular node

 - 72 per min.

 - 21 0 per min.

(b)  (Horm onal control) :-

(1)  (sympath etin) 

(atrial diast ole) 

(1)  = 0.1 sec  = 0.8 sec

  (ventricular systole) 

(b) "  "- (Period of ejection) :-  

(2)   (Ventric ular diastole) :-   