Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya

Shri Vaishnav Institute of Information Technology

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

SESSION: JAN– JUN 2024

3rd YEAR
VI SEMESTER

SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

SUBJECT CODE: BTCS603N

LAB FILE

Submitted by: - Submitted to: -

Jaya Singh Prof. Gyanesh Savita
B. Tech CSE
Section - B
Enrollment No – 21100BTCSE10476
 INDEX
S. No. Practical Name Page No. Signature
1 Install virtual box / VM ware workstation 1
with different of window OS
2 Install a C Compiler in the virtual machine 6
created using virtual box and execute any
simple program
3 Install Google App Engine. Create Hello 8
World App and other simple web applications
using Python / Java
4 Find a procedure to transfer the file from one 13
VM to another VM
5 Find a procedure to launch VM using 18
Trystack (online-Openstack demo version).
6 To study cloud computing deployment 22
models.
7 To study cloud computing service models 24
8 To study cloud architecture Anatomy 25
9 Find a procedure to attach virtual box to a 26
virtual machine
10 Find procedure to run the VM of different 27
configuration. Check how many VMs can be
utilized at time
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Experiment - 1
Aim: Install virtual box / VM ware workstation with different of window
OS.
VirtualBox is a free and open-source software program for virtualizing the x86 computing
architecture. Oracle Corporation developed it. It works as a hypervisor and develops a Virtual
Machine where the user can run another operating system. The "host" OS is the operating
system where VirtualBox runs. The "guest" OS is the operating system running on the
Virtual Machine. As the host OS, VirtualBox supports Windows, Linux, Solaris, Open
Solaris, and MacOS.
STEPS TO INSTALL VIRTUAL BOX ON WINDOWS: -
Step 1: Open the VirtualBox website. Go to https://www.virtualbox.org/ in your computer's
Internet browser. This is the website from which you'll download the VirtualBox setup file.

Step 2: Click Download VirtualBox. It's a blue button in the middle of the page. Doing so
will open the downloads page.

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Step 3: Click Windows hosts. You'll see this link below the "VirtualBox 7.0.12 platform
packages" heading. The VirtualBox EXE file will begin downloading onto your computer.

Step 4: Open the VirtualBox EXE file. Go to the location to which the EXE file downloaded
and double-click the file. Doing so will open the VirtualBox installation window.

Step 5: Navigate through the installation prompts. Do the following:

 Click Next on the first three pages.
 Click Yes when prompted.
 Click Install
 Click Yes when prompted.

Step 6: Click Finish when prompted. It's in the lower-right side of the window. Doing so will
close the installation window and open VirtualBox. Now that you've installed and opened
VirtualBox, you can create a virtual machine in order to run any operating system on your
PC.
 Make sure that you don't uncheck the "Start" box before doing this.

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STEPS TO INSTALL VIRTUAL BOX ON MacOS: -

Step 1: Visit the VirtualBox’s download page and download the latest available version for
your macOS. Download the package based on your CPU (Intel or Arm66).nnnn

Step 2: The downloaded file will be stored in the Downloads folder. Click to open the
downloaded VirtualBox .dmg file. You will see the following screen. Double-click on
“VirtualBox.pkg” to begin the installation process.

Step 3: An installation wizard will start. Click the Continue button:

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Step 4: You can change the installation location by clicking “Change Install Location”. To go
with the default installation location, simply click Install button:

Step 5: Enter the login credentials to authorize the installation. Then click the “Install
Software” button to continue the installation process.

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Step 6: On successful installation, you will see the output as below screenshot:

Step 7: The VirtualBox installation has been successfully completed on your macOS. The
VirtualBox launcher will be in your “Applications” folder.

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Experiment - 2
Aim: Install a C Compiler in the virtual machine created using virtual box
and execute any simple program.
Step 1: open vm ware.

Step 2: navigate through ubuntu and open the terminal.

Step 3: To install C compiler enter the following commands

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install build-essential

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Step 4: open the file using command “gedit&” on the terminal and write a
program.

Step 5: save the file as “program.c”.

Step 6: Type “gcc program.c” on the terminal to compile the file.
Step 7: Type “./a.out” on the terminal to run the program.
Step 8: output will be printed on the next line of the terminal.

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Experiment - 3
Aim: Install Google App Engine. Create Hello World App and other simple
web applications using Python / Java.

Procedure:

1. Install Google Plugin for Eclipse

Read this guide – how to install Google Plugin for Eclipse. If you install the Google
App Engine Java SDK together with “Google Plugin for Eclipse“, then go to step 2,
Otherwise, get the Google App Engine Java SDK and extract it.

2. Create New Web Application Project

In Eclipse toolbar, click on the Google icon, and select “New Web Application
Project…”

Figure – New Web Application Project

Figure – Deselect the “Google Web ToolKit“, and link your GAE Java SDK via the
“configure SDK” link.

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Click finished, Google Plugin for Eclipse will generate a sample project automatically.

3. Hello World
Review the generated project directory.

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and also the hello world servlet – http://localhost:8888/helloworld

5. Deploy to Google App Engine

Register an account on https://appengine.google.com/, and create an application ID for
your web application.

In this demonstration, I created an application ID, named “mkyong123”, and put it in

appengine web.xml.
File : appengine-web.xml

To deploy, see following steps:

Figure 1.1 – Click on GAE deploy button on the toolbar.

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Figure 1.2 – Sign in with your Google account and click on the Deploy button.

Figure 1.3 – If everything is fine, the hello world web application will be deployed to this URL
– http://mkyong123.appspot.com/

Result:
Thus the simple application was created successfully.

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Experiment - 4
Aim: Find a procedure to transfer the file from one VM to another VM.
Steps:
1. You can copy few (or more) lines with copy & paste mechanism.For this you need to
share clipboard between host OS and guest OS, installing Guest Addition on both the
virtual machines (probably setting bidirectional and restarting them). You copy from
guest OS in the clipboard that is shared with the host OS.Then you paste from the host
OS to the second guest OS.
2. You can enable drag and drop too with the same method (Click on the machine,
settings, general, advanced, drag and drop: set to bidirectional ) You can have
common Shared Folders on both virtual machines and use one of the directory shared
as buffer to copy.
3. Installing Guest Additions you have the possibility to set Shared Folders too. As you
put a file in a shared folder from host OS or from guest OS, is immediately visible to
the other. (Keep in mind that can arise some problems for date/time of the files when
there are different clock settings on the different virtual machines).If you use the same
folder shared on more machines you can exchange files directly copying them in this
folder.
4. You can use usual method to copy files between 2 different computer with client-
server application. (e.g. scp with sshd active for linux, winscp... you can get some info
about SSH servers e.g. here)
5. You need an active server (sshd) on the receiving machine and a client on the sending
machine. Of course you need to have the authorization setted (via password or, better,
via an automatic authentication method).
Note: many Linux/Ubuntu distribution install sshd by default: you can see if it is
running with pgrep sshd from a shell. You can install with sudo apt-get install
openssh-server.
6. You can mount part of the file system of a virtual machine via NFS or SSHFS on the
other, or you can share file and directory with Samba. You may find interesting the
article Sharing files between guest and host without VirtualBox shared folders with
detailed step by step instructions.

You should remember that you are dialling with a little network of machines with different
operative systems, and in particular:
 Each virtual machine has its own operative system running on and acts as a physical
machine.
 Each virtual machine is an instance of a program owned by an user in the hosting
operative system and should undergo the restrictions of the user in the hosting OS.
E.g Let we say that Hastur and Meow are users of the hosting machine, but they did
not allow each other to see their directories (no read/write/execute authorization).
When each of them run a virtual machine, for the hosting OS those virtual machine
are two normal programs owned by Hastur and Meow and cannot see the private
directory of the other user. This is a restriction due to the hosting OS. It's easy to
overcame it: it's enough to give authorization to read/write/execute to a directory or to
chose a different directory in which both users can read/write/execute.
 Windows likes mouse and Linux fingers. :-)
I mean I suggest you to enable Drag & drop to be cosy with the Windows machines
and the Shared folders or to be cosy with Linux.When you will need to be fast with
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Linux you will feel the need of ssh-keygen and to Generate once SSH Keys to
copy files

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on/from a remote machine without writing password anymore. In this way it functions
bash auto-completion remotely too!

PROCEDURE:
Steps:
1. Open Browser, type localhost:9869
2. Login using username: oneadmin, password: opennebula
3. Then follow the steps to migrate VMs
a. Click on infrastructure
b. Select clusters and enter the cluster name
c. Then select host tab, and select all host
d. Then select Vnets tab, and select all vnet
e. Then select datastores tab, and select all datastores
f. And then choose host under infrastructure tab
g. Click on + symbol to add new host, name the host then click
on create.
4. on instances, select VMs to migrate then follow the stpes
a. Click on 8th icon ,the drop down list display
b. Select migrate on that ,the popup window display
c. On that select the target host to migrate then click on migrate.
Before migration
Host: SACET

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Host: one-sandbox

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After migration

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Host: one sandbox

host: SACET

APPLICATIONS:
Easily migrate your virtual machine from one pc to another.
Result:
Thus the file transfer between VM was successfully completed.

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Experiment - 5
Aim: Find a procedure to launch VM using Trystack (online-Openstack
demo version).
OpenStack is an open-source software cloud computing platform. OpenStack is primarily
used for deploying an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) solution like Amazon Web Service
(AWS). In other words, you can make your own AWS by using OpenStack. If you want to try
out OpenStack, TryStack is the easiest and free way to do it.
In order to try OpenStack in TryStack, you must register yourself by joining TryStack
Facebook Group. The acceptance of group needs a couple days because it’s approved
manually. After you have been accepted in the TryStack Group, you can log in TryStack.

I assume that you already join to the Facebook Group and login to the dashboard. After you
log in to the TryStack, you will see the Compute Dashboard like:

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Overview: What we will do?

In this post, I will show you how to run an OpenStack instance. The instance will be
accessible through the internet (have a public IP address). The final topology will like:

As you see from the image above, the instance will be connected to a local network and the
local network will be connected to internet.

Step 1: Create Network

Network? Yes, the network in here is our own local network. So, your instances will be not
mixed up with the others. You can imagine this as your own LAN (Local Area Network) in
the cloud.
1. Go to Network > Networks and then click Create Network.
2. In Network tab, fill Network Name for example internal and then click Next.
3. In Subnet tab,
1. Fill Network Address with appropriate CIDR, for example
192.168.1.0/24. Use private network CIDR block as the best practice.
2. Select IP Version with appropriate IP version, in this case IPv4.
3. Click Next.
4. In Subnet Details tab, fill DNS Name Servers with 8.8.8.8 (Google DNS) and then
click Create.

Step 2: Create Instance

Now, we will create an instance. The instance is a virtual machine in the cloud, like AWS
EC2. You need the instance to connect to the network that we just created in the previous
step.
1. Go to Compute > Instances and then click Launch Instance.
2. In Details tab,
1. Fill Instance Name, for example Ubuntu 1.
2. Select Flavor, for example m1.medium.

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3. Fill Instance Count with 1.

4. Select Instance Boot Source with Boot from Image.
5. Select Image Name with Ubuntu 14.04 amd64 (243.7 MB) if you want
install Ubuntu 14.04 in your virtual machine.
3. In Access & Security tab,
1. Click [+] button of Key Pair to import key pair. This key pair is a public
and private key that we will use to connect to the instance from our
machine.
2. In Import Key Pair dialog,
1. Fill Key Pair Name with your machine name (for example
Edward-Key).
2. Fill Public Key with your SSH public key (usually is in
~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub). See description in Import Key Pair dialog
box for more information. If you are using Windows, you
can use Puttygen to generate key pair.
3. Click Import key pair.
3. In Security Groups, mark/check default.
4. In Networking tab,
1. In Selected Networks, select network that have been created in Step 1, for
example internal.
5. Click Launch.
6. If you want to create multiple instances, you can repeat step 1-5. I created one more
instance with instance name Ubuntu 2.

Step 3: Create Router

I guess you already know what router is. In the step 1, we created our network, but it is
isolated. It doesn’t connect to the internet. To make our network has an internet connection,
we need a router that running as the gateway to the internet.
1. Go to Network > Routers and then click Create Router.
2. Fill Router Name for example router1 and then click Create router.
3. Click on your router name link, for example router1, Router Details page.
4. Click Set Gateway button in upper right:
1. Select External networks with external.
2. Then OK.
5. Click Add Interface button.
1. Select Subnet with the network that you have been created in Step 1.
2. Click Add interface.
6. Go to Network > Network Topology. You will see the network topology. In the
example, there are two network, i.e. external and internal, those are bridged by a
router. There are instances those are joined to internal network.

Step 4: Configure Floating IP Address

Floating IP address is public IP address. It makes your instance is accessible from the
internet. When you launch your instance, the instance will have a private network IP, but no
public IP. In OpenStack, the public IPs is collected in a pool and managed by admin (in our
case is TryStack). You need to request a public (floating) IP address to be assigned to your
instance.
1. Go to Compute > Instance.
2. In one of your instances, click More > Associate Floating IP.
3. In IP Address, click Plus [+].
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4. Select Pool to external and then click Allocate IP.

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5. Click Associate.
6. Now you will get a public IP, e.g. 8.21.28.120, for your instance.

Step 5: Configure Access & Security

OpenStack has a feature like a firewall. It can whitelist/blacklist your in/out connection. It is
called Security Group.
1. Go to Compute > Access & Security and then open Security Groups tab.
2. In default row, click Manage Rules.
3. Click Add Rule, choose ALL ICMP rule to enable ping into your instance, and then
click Add.
4. Click Add Rule, choose HTTP rule to open HTTP port (port 80), and then click Add.
5. Click Add Rule, choose SSH rule to open SSH port (port 22), and then click Add.
6. You can open other ports by creating new rules.

Step 6: SSH to Your Instance

Now, you can SSH your instances to the floating IP address that you got in the step 4. If you
are using Ubuntu image, the SSH user will be ubuntu.

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Experiment - 6
Aim: To study cloud computing deployment models.
The cloud deployment model identifies the specific type of cloud environment based on
ownership, scale, and access, as well as the cloud’s nature and purpose. The location of the
servers you’re utilizing and who controls them are defined by a cloud deployment model. It
specifies how your cloud infrastructure will look, what you can change, and whether you will
be given services or will have to create everything yourself. Relationships between the
infrastructure and your users are also defined by cloud deployment types. Different types of
cloud computing deployment models are described below.
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
 Community Cloud

Public Cloud
The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The public
cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one in which cloud
infrastructure services are provided over the internet to the general people or major industry
groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by the entity that delivers the cloud
services, not by the consumer. It is a type of cloud hosting that allows customers and users
to easily access systems and services. This form of cloud computing is an excellent example
of cloud hosting, in which service providers supply services to a variety of customers. In this
arrangement, storage backup and retrieval services are given for free, as a subscription, or on
a per-user basis. For example, Google App Engine etc.

Private Cloud
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud deployment
model. It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There is no need to share
your hardware with anyone else. The distinction between private and public clouds is in how
you handle all of the hardware. It is also called the “internal cloud” & it refers to the ability
to access systems and services within a given border or organization. The cloud platform is
implemented in a cloud-based secure environment that is protected by powerful firewalls and
under the supervision of an organization’s IT department. The private cloud gives greater
flexibility of control over cloud resources.

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Hybrid Cloud
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software, hybrid cloud
computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you may host the app in a
safe environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s cost savings. Organizations
can move data and applications between different clouds using a combination of two or more
cloud deployment methods, depending on their needs.

Community Cloud
It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of organizations. It is a distributed
system that is created by integrating the services of different clouds to address the specific
needs of a community, industry, or business. The infrastructure of the community could be
shared between the organization which has shared concerns or tasks. It is generally managed
by a third party or by the combination of one or more organizations in the community.

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Experiment - 7
Aim: To study cloud computing service
models.
Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted
on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal
computer. Companies offering such kinds of cloud computing services are called cloud
providers and typically charge for cloud computing services based on usage. Grids and
clusters are the foundations for cloud computing.

Types of Cloud Computing

1. Software as a service (SaaS)
2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Software as a Service(SaaS)
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and applications over the
Internet. Instead of installing and maintaining software, we simply access it via the Internet,
freeing ourselves from the complex software and hardware management. It removes the need
to install and run applications on our own computers or in the data centers eliminating the
expenses of hardware as well as software maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis from
a cloud service provider. Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a web browser
without any downloads or installations required. The SaaS applications are sometimes
called Web-based software, on-demand software, or hosted software.

Platform as a Service
PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in
the cloud and accessed by users simply via their web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result, PaaS
frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new
application. Thus, the development and deployment of the application take place independent
of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including
network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed
applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.

Infrastructure as a Service
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer infrastructure on
an outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically IaaS is a service where
infrastructure is provided as outsourcing to enterprises such as networking equipment,
devices, database, and web servers.
It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS customers pay on a per-user basis,
typically by the hour, week, or month. Some providers also charge customers based on the
amount of virtual machine space they use.
It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking, and servers for
developing such applications, and services, and deploying development tools, databases, etc.

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Experiment - 8
Aim: To study cloud architecture Anatomy.
The hierarchical structure of a cloud is called cloud anatomy. Cloud anatomy differs from
architecture. It does not include the communication channel on which it deliver the services,
whereas architecture completely describes the communication technology on which it
operates. Cloud architecture is a hierarchical structure of technology on which it defines and
operates. Anatomy might therefore be considered as subset of cloud architecture.

The cloud is made up of five main elements:

1. Application: Top most layer is the application layer. This layer may be used to execute any kind
of software application.

2. Platform: This layer exists below the application layer. It consists of executable platforms those
are provided for the execution developer applications.

3. Infrastructure: This layer lies below the platform layer. Infrastructure includes virtualized
computational resources are provided to the users to connect with other system components. It
allows the users to manage both applications and platforms. This allows the user to do computations
based on their requirements.

4. Virtualization: It's a vital technology that allows cloud computing to function. It is the process
of making abstraction of actual physical hard ware resources are provided in virtual manner. It
changes the way of providing the same hardware resources are distributed to multiple tenants
independently.

5. Physical hardware: The bottom most layer is the physical hardware layer. It consists of servers,
network components, databases and storage units.

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Experiment - 9
Aim: Find a procedure to attach virtual box to a virtual machine.
A general procedure to attach a virtual hard disk using VirtualBox to a virtual machine:
1. Open VirtualBox: Launch the VirtualBox application on your computer.
2. Select Virtual Machine: Choose the virtual machine you want to attach the virtual hard
disk to from the list on the left-hand side.
3. Go to Settings: Click on the "Settings" button at the top of the VirtualBox window for the
selected virtual machine.
4. Storage Settings: In the Settings window, navigate to the "Storage" tab or section. Here,
you'll see the existing storage devices associated with the virtual machine, such as the virtual
hard disk and optical drives.
5. Add New Storage: Click on the icon to add new storage (usually a small disk with a plus
sign) or an option like "Add Hard Disk" depending on the VirtualBox version.
6. Choose Disk: Select the option to "Choose existing disk" if you already have a virtual disk
file (.vdi, .vmdk, etc.) or "Create new disk" if you want to create a new one.
7. Browse for Disk File: If you're choosing an existing disk, browse to the location where
the virtual hard disk file is stored on your system and select it. Click "Open" or "Choose" to
add it.
8. Configure Settings: Once the disk is added, you may need to configure settings like the
disk type, size, and other specifications depending on whether you're creating a new disk or
attaching an existing one.
9. Confirm Changes: After setting up the new or existing disk, click "OK" or "Apply" to
save the changes and close the Settings window.
10. Start the Virtual Machine: Start the virtual machine to allow it to detect the newly
attached virtual hard disk.
11. Manage the Disk in the VM: Inside the virtual machine, you might need to initialize,
partition, and format the newly attached disk based on your operating system's requirements.
This process varies depending on the OS running in the VM.
Remember, attaching a virtual hard disk to a virtual machine can sometimes be similar but
might differ slightly depending on the version of VirtualBox you're using. Always refer to the
official VirtualBox documentation or user manual if you encounter any difficulties or
inconsistencies.

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Experiment - 10
Aim: Find procedure to run the VM of different configuration. Check how
many VMs can be utilized at time.
Running a virtual machine with a different configuration in VirtualBox typically involves
modifying the settings of an existing VM or creating a new VM with specific configurations.
Here’s a step-by-step guide:
Modifying Existing VM Configuration:
1. Open VirtualBox: Launch the VirtualBox application.
2. Select VM: Choose the virtual machine you want to modify from the list on the left-hand
side.
3. Go to Settings: Click on the "Settings" button at the top of the VirtualBox window for the
selected virtual machine.
4. Adjust Configuration: You can modify various settings here:
- System: Adjust CPU, RAM, boot order, etc.
- Display: Change video memory, enable 3D acceleration, etc.
- Storage: Add/remove virtual hard disks, attach ISOs, etc.
- Network: Modify network adapter settings.
- USB: Enable/disable USB controller and add USB devices.
5. Make Changes: Modify the settings according to the new configuration you want for the
VM.
6. Confirm and Save: Click "OK" or "Apply" to save the changes and close the Settings
window.
7. Start the VM: Launch the modified virtual machine to apply the new configuration.

Creating a New VM with Different Configuration:

 Open VirtualBox: Launch the VirtualBox application.
 Click "New": Click on the "New" button to create a new virtual machine.
 Name and OS Type: Enter a name for the VM and choose the operating system and
version you intend to install.
 Allocate Memory: Assign the amount of RAM for the VM.
 Create Virtual Hard Disk: Choose whether to create a new virtual hard disk or use an
existing one. Set the size and type of the virtual disk.
 Configure Settings: Customize additional settings such as video memory, network
configurations, USB support, etc.
 Install OS: Start the VM and follow the prompts to install the operating system or use
a pre-existing image.
 Save and Use: Save the new VM configuration and start using it.

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To check how many VMs you can run at the same time:
 Check Host System Resources: Monitor your host system's resource usage while
running VMs. Check the Task Manager (Windows) or Activity Monitor (macOS) to
see CPU, RAM, and disk usage. If you're using Linux, you can check resource usage
using tools like `top` or `htop` in the terminal.
 Monitor VirtualBox Settings:Open VirtualBox and check the settings for each VM:
- CPU and RAM Allocation: Ensure that you're not allocating more resources to
VMs than your host system can spare. Adjust the settings if needed.
- Number of VMs: Count the number of VMs listed in the VirtualBox Manager
that are currently in a running state.
 Experiment: Start running VMs one by one and monitor the performance of your host
system. Note any performance degradation or slowdown as you add more VMs.

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