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PDF Funny Bones Posada and His Day of The Dead Calaveras Duncan Tonatiuh Ebook Full Chapter
PDF Funny Bones Posada and His Day of The Dead Calaveras Duncan Tonatiuh Ebook Full Chapter
PDF Funny Bones Posada and His Day of The Dead Calaveras Duncan Tonatiuh Ebook Full Chapter
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Abrams Books for Young Rea
New York
keletons riding They are the creation of José
bicycles . . . skeletons Guadalupe Posada, and this is hi
wearing fancy hats . . story.
. skeletons dancing
and strumming on
guitars. We call these
festive bony figures
calaveras. In Spanish,
the
word calavera [ca-la-
VEH-rah] means “skull.”
A lot of things that are
associated with skulls
and with el Día de
Muertos—the Day of the
2
Dead—are called
calaveras. For example,
there
are calavera drawings,
candy calaveras, calavera
poems, and calavera
toys. The skeleton
figures
are not scary—in fact,
they look as if they’re
having fun.
In 1852, in a small house in the Lupe’s older brother Cirilo becam
Mexican city of Aguascalientes, teacher. He taught Lupe how to re
José Guadalupe Posada was born. and write. Lupe loved to copy the
Lupe [LOO-peh], as everyone called drawings he saw in prints and in
him, books at
was the son of a baker and the sixth school. Cirilo noticed how well Lup
of eight children. drew and helped him enroll at the
local
art academy.
4
When Lupe was eighteen years old, Lupe also learned engraving. He
he began to work at Don Trinidad helped Don Trinidad print docume
1. Pedroza’s printpencil,
Using a grease shop. There
draw
2. Apply on ahe
special
chemicals and 1. diplomas, flyers,
Draw on a piece of labels
wood for
2. Useor
a acutting
metal pla
too
discovered
flat limestone.his lifelong passion for
moisten the stone matchbooks, receipts, and invitatio
called a “burin” to
printing. with water. for weddings carve
He learned lithography. and birthdays. around the drawi
This will cause the
drawing to be rai
Lithography Engraving above the rest of t
plate.
14
For the holiday, Don Antonio and
other editors published literary
calaveras. CALAVERA
They were short rhyming poems that
featured a skeleton and made jokes LOVE
about him or her. People found the
poems very funny and bought them
on the
street from paperboys. A man named
Manuel Manilla illustrated many of
these
poems for Don Antonio. Don Lupe It was a warm afternoon in
also began to illustrate them, and middle of May.
soon he Mr. Bones grabbed his hat a
became a master at it. went walking that day.
When he noticed a beauty on
opposite street,
16 He ran towards her and knee
at her feet.
“You are the prettiest girl I
seen in my life!
Please marry me! Please be
wife!!”
“I am sorry, Señor. But tha
cannot be.
You’re handsome and all,
but too skinny for me!”
Don Lupe had a lot of work. He was
busy all the time! He began using a
printing technique that was quicker
than lithography or engraving. It was
called
“etching.”
Etching
. . . we can try to go
Don Lupe saw his country—and
especially Mexico City—change faster
dramatically during his lifetime. When but one day we will all
24 he was a boy, people walked or rode
on horses or in carriages. Now he saw reach the same finish
people riding on bicycles. He saw
streetcars travel on tracks through the line
city. Everyone seemed to be going
faster and faster. and become calaveras?
In 1910, when Don Lupe was fifty-
eight years old, a terrible conflict
began.
Most of Don Lupe’s
Today it is referred to as the “Mexican calaveras
Revolution.” Thousands of farmers
and are festive and fun.
workers throughout Mexico were
angry because they worked very hard
but
could barely earn enough money for
their families to live on.
EMILIANO ZAPATA
...
CALAVERAS
ARE ALL
AROUND US?
Don Lupe drew calaveras of famous THAT WE
men, but he also drew calaveras of ARE ALL
30 the
CALAVERAS,
WHETHER
people around him, like the men who
swept the streets and the people who WE ARE
worked at print shops. He even drew RICH OR
a calavera of his friend Don Antonio. POOR,
FAMOUS
OR NOT?
Don Lupe died on January 20, 1913. Today, José Guadalupe Posada is
Many people were familiar with his called Don Lupe anymore. He
drawings and his calaveras, but very is simply called Posada, which is th
few people knew the artist who was way he signed his work. His art is
32 behind them. It was years after his celebrated in Mexico, in the United
death that historians and artists such States, and around the world. Som
as Jean Charlot and Diego Rivera people even dress like Catrinas an
began to wonder who had drawn such parade on the streets during el Día
wonderful images. de Muertos. And on that special da
there is always somewhere an alta
with an ofrenda to remember the
great Don Lupe Posada.
What would Posada’s calaveras
look like nowadays?
34
El
AUTHOR,S NOTE
Día
ones.
de
They
bring their loved
in some kind of
way. The poems
his work. These
publications
Muertos, or the ones’ favorite often imagine revived interest
Day of the food and tell how a person in Posada’s
Dead, is a stories about encounters work and made
festive and them. death or how Posada’s name
often humorous Sometimes they theJosé person and work
In an essay,
The inholiday
holiday which hire musicians becomes
Guadalupe a known
Diego to Riveraother
has its origin in
people to play their calavera.was not
Posada artists
wrote and that to
Pre-Columbian
remember their loved
There ones’
are Calavera
the firstpoems to the public at
Posa- da’s name
times.
deceased Many loved favorite songs.
different crafts are
illustrate written large.
may one day be
cultures
ones.
When It in the is They have a
and decorations every
calavera
Posada poems, year,
made Although
Famous they
forgotten but
Americas
celebrated held
Spanish picnic
that and
people especially
but
calavera he about was were
Mexican made
his work will
festivities
every November to spend
typically use the powerful every
certainly and
the during
muralists a
conquered the to drawings always be like a
celebrate
1–2 throughout
Aztecs the
and whole day at
decorate famous
most
Día people,
prolific
de Muertos specific
Diego time
Rivera
part of Mexico’s
dead.
other andThe
Mexicopeoples in
of the
ofrendascemetery.
and like the
and
for presidents,
best at
twenty-four period,
and Posada’s
Jose
pop-ular arts. In
Aztecs,
many
the parts
Americas, for
of In some places
gravestones. politicians,
it.
years. TheAlthough
editor calaveras
Clemente have
many ways, this
instance,
the
36 much hadthe
ofUnited a they spend the
Cempasúchil artists,
Antonio
his drawingsand a uni- versal
Orozco were
is true today.
month-long
States wayand
natives’ of entire night
flowers, bright athletes.calveras
Vanegas
and had and
greatly timeless
Reproductions
celebration
Central
life was lost. there
orangetoo. worked
The with
were poems
popular an quality.
influenced Theyby
of Posada’s
every
America.
But year
some Similarto
of At
marigolds, home,
are becamehe
illustra-
while popular tor
was make
Posada, us and ask
artwork are
honor
holidaystraditions
their exist in people build
sold at markets an in
named
alive, the Manuel
Posadalate questions
they about
celebrated
typi- cally used
Mictlantecuhtli
other parts
and of
beliefs altar with
and an
outside 1800s. a After
Manilla
died for
poor life
his and death.
work.
during el Dia de
and
the
survived Micte-
world.
and ofrenda,
cemeteries or MexicoVery
several
man. won years
fewits This book
Nowadays, is a
Muertos. They
cacíhuatl,
mixed with the
November 1 is offering.el Día
during They
de independence
before
people knew he tribute
museums, to the
have become
god
dedicated andto often include a from
began
was theworking
Spain in great Don Lupe
galleries,
beliefs Muertos. Bakers artist part of and the
goddess
children, of and
customs of
the pic-
oftenture
bakeof pan
any 1810, Posada.
with
behind the
such Posada,
uni- and inI
versities
celebration’s
death.
November
European For these
2 is relatives
de muerto,and a countrydrawings.
Some
great calavera
gained hope
Mexico, it offersthe
imagery. His
ancient
dedicated
conquerors. to friends
round who
bread more freedom
drawings that an
Unitedopportunity
States,
calaveras are
cultures,
adultsiswho death
the have have passed ofItthewas
are pressyears
often
and to
and ponder parts the
Such case decorated with muchother more
was
with not seen
died. elIn Día 2003,as
de away.
bonelike Many a
attributed
after lotPosada’s to
of meaning
of behind
the thanworld
famous his
the end ofUnited
Muertos, living
which people believe
shapes. Ven- newspapers
Posada
death are Jean
that now
and his
have calaveras.
collections It
name. They
but, instead, on
Nations as that during sell el publications
known to have is
of also an
is celebrated dors Charlot, a capture Posada’s the
another
Educational,
the step in
Catholic Día de
alfeñiques,Muertos began
been drawn
French-born to
by opportunity
work, including to
festive
the cycle of
Scientific
holiday of and
life.
All the spirit of
figurines the
made appear.
Manilla.
American Very learn
the and
actual
sentiment of el
Cultural or All
Hallows, deceased
out of sugar, Calavera
little
painter, is poems
knowndis- celebrate
printing el Día
plates
Dia de Muertos
Organization
Saints’ Day. travels
and back
papel became
of Manilla and
covered an
his de
fromMuertos,
which his a
holiday.
(UNESCO
El )Díanamed de from
picado, the
among acceptable
of his life.
images while way
Even in wonderful
prints were
el
MuertosDía deis afterlife
other to
crafts and to poke
less
Mexico is fun knownand at holiday
made. that
Many is
Muertos
celebrated an again be
toys. with
Crosses, electedto collect
about
began artists
and not
books only have a
GLOSSARY engraving: A printmaking paperboys: young boys who
Manuel
sell newspapers
Manilla o
alfeñique [al-fen-YEE-keh]: Sugar figurine.
technique During
that can be el streets Bonilla Reyna, Helia
Día traced to of a town or city. Emma. Manuel Manil
de Muertos, vendors sell Mesopotamia
alfeñiques and3000
people
years Diego Rivera: Perhaps theProtagonista
most famous deMexic
los
buy them ago. There are different painter and cambios en el graba
calavera
to decorate [ca-la-their -rah]: Calavera
VEHofrendas. types means “skull”
Theoffigurines are in
BIBLIOGRAPHY
muralist. greatlydecimonónico.
He wasPosada México
influenced by Posada
Spanish.
usually of Calaveras are not
lithography [lih-THOG-ruh-
meant toThe
engraving. be scary but,
engraving
José Guadalupe
work. He
ART CREDIT
City: Círculo de
ART CREDITS
Barajas Durán, Rafael. Posada: FOR W
Mito y mitote:
fee]: A printmaking
rather,
calaveras. The skulls aretechnique sometimes thatmade Posada
out of wrote an essay about Arte,
Posada
NOT BY 2000.
that was
DUNCAN includ
TONA
caricatura
technique
festive
chocolate, and fun. practiced the 1930de José Guadalupe López
José Casillas,
Guadalupe
Exact datey of Mercu
Posa
execu
política Posada Manuel
that was invented in
cartoons:
and they Cartoons
are often are decorated
drawings
was awith relief
that a name.
are
printing
meantPeople
to catalogManila.
Alfonso Monograph
that Jean CharlotCover:
co-edited.
unknown, of 598
Heofinclud
Details
but Pr
imag
circa
1796. It is based on the
buy
poke fun
Jean Charlot [shar-LOW]: technique.
A French-born In it,American
the artist portraits by
of Fondo de Cultura
México City: Mexican
found 19th and early
Economica, 20
principle that
calaveras
at someone
painter inscribed
or something.
with makes
theIfnames
the a cartoonof their is of a Posada in some
López Casillas,
Berdecio, of his
Mercurio.
Roberto, Engraver
murals,
in
Images
20th
and Stanley like
the text; Manuel
the
of Death Ma
mural
PagesPosa
centuries.
Appelbaum, in edc
2–3
oil and water don’t mix.
deceased
person,
who spent hisloved
a significant portion drawing of onhisalife surface,
in Dream
Mexican
Posada’s Prints. México
Details
artworksCity:
of onEditorial
later image2
pages
The artist draws with a
ones.
or her
Mexico. HeThe
features—like
figurines can
noseusually
also or be
ears—are
aof wood
animals often
or metal
or food. of a Sunday
México
Popular City: Afternoon
Editorial
Mexican Prints: 2005.
in273
RM, Alameda
except
2008. Park
andfor5by
Cuts the
are (1948
colored
José
grease
ofrenda [off- REN -dah]:
exaggerated.
broadsides:
is generallyArecognized plate.
type of inexpensive
as He publication
the person thenwho that the
———.mural,
JoséPosada.
Guadalupe Martínez,
Guadalupe Posada:
calavera Jesús.
by theIllustrator
with Histo
guitar
author. of t
Posad
pencil on a special flat
Offering.
Political
was very cartoons are used
“discovered” uses
to criticize
tools, such politicians
as a Rivera painted
Chapbooks.
New York: himself
México
Dover del
as“El
Publications,grabado.
boy.
gran He
1972. 2 vols.
ablack-and-white
shows
panteón him
amo
pri
limestone.
pan de muerto After[pahntreating
de
and otherWhen
common
Posada. between Posada burin,
the sixteenth
was toand
alive, carve
his workaround
nineteenthwas the holding
Bonilla la
City: Editorial
Reyna, RM, 2005.
Helia Emma,Guanajuato,
(The Big
especially
ed. the boo
José Guadalup
the
MWEAR stone
-toh]: A type of
38 people in
centuries.
popular, but power. drawing. Calavera
———.
Posada: A Catrina’s
Posada: México:
hand.Cemetery
Posada
El grabador isEdiciones
mexicano.
covers he onLovers).
of the La
opp
Seville,
illustrated,
with
bread gum arabic and
laBroadsides
Catrina:
few peopleThe were
knew female
large
who dandy
the The
pieces plate
or
ofthe
actual paper.isdapper.
artist thenThecovered
was. When
text
When of side
100 of
Spain: la de su partida. Rana,
Centro
años often 2006.
Broadside.
México City:Colored
colored by
in a sim
Instituto
other
that chemicals,
is made the stone
specially for
the
la Catrina
story
Charlot with ink. The ink will cover Catrina,de
Andaluz
Cultural holding
de her arm.Duncan
Arte Contemporáneo; Tonatiuh.
PrintmakingMéxico City
fashion.
is moistened
el Día
was
saw first
printed
Posada’spublished,
onimages
only itone
foronly
was side
the ofdethe
the
called
first
Muertos.
la
timeCalavera
page, The
and
in 1922, he Editorial RM, 2005.
Aguascalientes, Page
Banamex, 5:Jules.
Heller,
2012. Details from “
Printma
with
bread water.
is that is in relief isor
The stone
there
Garbancera.
was was section Rothenstein, Julian,
Carrillo Azpeitia, ed. J.
Rafael. Juego
G. Posada:
Posada
Today: de Lotería”
yA el Messeng
Studio (Th
grabado
then covered with an oil-
usually
“Garbancera”
immediatelya large was
illustration
struck abynameisround
them to go and
raised
given
and with
to
began
isit.
or women decorated
embossed. whoA
collecting Mortality.
mexicano: Desde Lottery
Handbook.Game).
New York
based
with ink.
bonelike shapes.
powdered
them. He press is Mount Kisco,
el famoso N.Y.: Moyer
grabador Board
Bell,populares
de temas
Holt, 1989.
game. Colored
Rinehart and
hasta
The ink often
Families will adhere only
their facesfor
searched toPosada’s then used
hide theirprinting
brown skin to
plates and
andprint
look the
white.
tried to Toor, Frances,
artistas Paul O’Higgins,
DuncanandTonatiuth.
Blas
Winston, 1972. Vanega
Pa
toinclude
the greasepan depencil
muerto in
Diego
learn more image on paper. Arroyo, eds.
contemporáneos. MéxicoEl Jicote
City:
Saff, Panorama
Donald, andEdit
Del
drawing
their and
ofrendas.
Rivera
about his is the
life.one that coined
In 1925, etching:
he the A
wrote term
an printmaking
essayla Catrina.
about Monografía: Las obras de5
1991. José
(1871).
Guadalupe
Sacilotto. Page 13:Pos
De
Printmaking
not topicado
papel the moist [pah- areas.pee-
PELback A
After Rivera
him; in 1930, technique that dates México of “Al C.and
General
Frank, Patrick. Posada’s Broadsheets:
History Porfi
Mexican
press
CAH is then
-doh]: Paper used to print
cutouts.
called the drawing
he co-edited a catalog la Catrina,
oftoPosada’s
the everyone work.began These City: Mexican
Popular Imagery,Folkways, Díaz”
1930. (To C.
Process. New York: H
theThey
calling it that.
publications 1500s.are Inbright,
etching, acid is Topete del Valle,
1890–1910. Alejandro.
Albuquerque: General
José Guadalupe
Porfirio
University
Rinehart and of Díaz)
New
Winston
drawing
decorative onsheets
paper,ofone paper
It has become
helped Posada’sthe drawing’s
name used
and popular
to bite
work become or
name. known to Posada: Notorious
Mexico Press, 1998. Broadside.
1978. Page 17:
time or multiple times.
cempasúchil
other [sem-pa-SOOthat are A bright
disintegrate
-cheel]: the orange Promoter
José of Popular
Guadalupe Mexican
Posada: Illustration
Graphic
Edición from
Art.“La
conmemorativ
Many thingsto create
perforated
marigold.
artists and the public at large. areas of a metal plate Aguascalientes,
Aguascalientes, calavera de Cupido”
like posters
designs. and
Daycoveredof thebooksDead
el Día de Muertos [el DEE-ah thatday areMWEAR
not -tohs] by an México:
México: Universidad Autonoma
(Calavera
Instituto Cultural de of
Aguascalie
Cupid).
de Aguascalientes;
continue
papel picado to be printed
(the Day of the Dead): Aacid- holiday in which people 2007.
México City: Broadside. Page 19:
today
often by a
include imagesThe of
remember loved ones who have passed resistant substance. away. It is Tyler, Ron,Nacional
Consejo ed. Posada’s Mexico.
para la“Calavera
CulturaWashington,
yDon Juan D
las Artes, 2
modern offset
calaveras.
celebrated every November etching 1–2 technique
throughout that Library of Tenorio” (Calavera of
lithographic process.
Mexico and in Posada Congress, 1979. Juan Tenorio)
Mexican Revolution (la
many parts of the Unitedpracticed States and was different
Central Left: simulation of zin
Revolución) [la re-voh-loo-
America. from traditional etching plate. Right: Broadsid
WHERE YOU CANTOSEE
MY ABUELITOS,
ABUELITAS,
The artwork in this book
POSADA,S WORK IN ANDhand-drawn,
was
Amon Carter Museum of American ANCESTORS
Art, Fort then
Worth,
Texas; THE U.S.A. collaged
Tonatiuh, Duncan.
cartermuseum.org digitally. The book also
Funny bones : Posada and
features art by José
Art Institute of Chicago; artic.edu
his Day of the Dead
Bancroft Library, University Guadalupe Posada
of California, Berkeley;
calaveras / by
bancroft.berkeley.edu and Manuel Manilla,
INDEX Duncan Tonatiuh.
sometimes
Jean Charlot Collection, Thomas Halewithin Duncan
Hamilton
alfeñique, 15,
Madero,
36 pagesI.,cm
Francisco 28
Library, Tonatiuh’s
Manilla, Manuel,ISBN 978-1-4197-1647-8
16, 37
illustrations
University of Hawaii at Manoa, and
Honolulu;
broadsides, Mexican
12 1. Posada,
Revolution, 26 José
sometimes standing alone.
libweb.hawaii.edu/libdept/charlotcoll/charlot.html
Mexico City, 12,Guadalupe,
24 Books
Abrams 1852–1913—
Colorado Springs Fine ArtsPleaseCenter,see the for
art Young
Colorado;
calavera, 2, 8, 16, 19, 22,Biography—Juvenile
24,
Readers are available at special
csfineartscenter.org credits for titles.
28, 30, 32,ofrenda,
34, 36, 37
15, 33, 36
literature.
discounts when 2. Engravers—
purchased in
Library of Congress, Washington,
115 West DC;
18thloc.gov
Street
la Catrina, 22, Library of
33 José Mexico—Biography—
Orozco, Clemente, Congress
37
quantity for premiums and
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New New
York,York;
NY 10011
cempasúchil, 15, 36 Cataloging-in-Publication
Juvenile literature.
promotions as well as
metmuseum.org www.abramsbooks.com
Charlot, Jean,
pan 32,
de 37
muerto,Data
3. 15,
Human36 skeleton in art—use.
40 fundraising or educational
Museum of Modern Art, New York; moma.org
papel picado,Special
15, 36
Juvenile literature. I. Title.
New York Public Library; nypl.org
el Día de Muertos,
Pedroza,2, Trinidad,
14, NE546.P6T65
20, 6, 7, 8, 92015
editions can also be created to
Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin;
33, 36, 37 Rivera, Diego,769.92—dc23
32, 37
specification. For details,
hrc.utexas.edu
2014042319
contact
Arizona State
engraving, 7, University
18, 19 Art Museum, Tempe;
Vela, María de Jesús, 10
specialsales@abramsbooks.com
asuartm.edu
etching, 18,Vanegas,
19 Text and illustrations
Antonio, 12, 14, 16,
or the address below.
copyright © 2015 Duncan
30, 37
el Jicote, 8, 9 Tonatiuh
Book28
Zapata, Emiliano, design by Maria T.
lithography, 6, 10, 18, 19Middleton
Published in 2015 by
Abrams Books for Young
Readers, an
imprint of ABRAMS. All
rights reserved. No portion
of this book
may be reproduced,
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Assyrian never committed that fault. He knew that the great flesh-
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development in herbivorous animals, like the sheep or ox, or those
that eat anything that comes, like the pig. Look at the bronze lion
from Khorsabad figured in our Plate XI., and see how lean he is at
the croup in spite of the power in his limbs, and how the bones of his
shoulder and thigh stand out beneath the skin.
This characteristic is less strongly marked in the bas-reliefs,
which hardly enjoy the same facilities for emphasising structure as
work in the round. On the other hand the other features of the
leonine physiognomy are rendered with singular energy. Anything
finer in its way than the head of the colossal lion from Nimroud
figured in our Plate VIII. can hardly be imagined.
§ 5. Chaldæan Sculpture.