November | December 2011 Feature title: Copper Alloy Mesh

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Feed Management

COPPER ALLOY MESH

Copper alloy mesh cage sustaining the worlds marine aquaculture

The European Copper Institute (ECI) attended AquaNor 2011, in Trondheim, Norway. ECI demonstrated copper accuFerguson et al. (2010) used more alloys for use in both near and offrate and reliable molecular techniques to shore marine aquaculture enclosures demonstrate that diets supplemented with at Booth C-226, Copper Alloys in Pediococcus acidilactici exhibited alteraMarine Aquaculture: Increasing Productivity, Sustaining the Future. tions in GI microbiota. PCR-DGGE revealed The exhibit highlighted the use with an direct antagonism of P. acidilactici of various forms of copper alloys uncultured bacterium (closest known relaand provided scientific evidence tive was a bacterial clone marine that copper alloys nets inisolated from the intestine of help improve fish health aquacultureAtlantic salmon) during a period andreverting to nonsupplemented feeding. of production, prevent predator attacks and escapes,conductedcage the Recent work maintain at volumes and minimize maintenance Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition Research costs and efforts. Aquarium, University of Plymouth supports this (see Figure 1). Here fish fed a P. acidilactici supplemented diet exhibited considerably higher LAB populations in their digesta, which, were identified as P. acidilactici. This colonisation of the GI tract (at least during continual supplementation) is thought to be a major advantage for potential probionts.

F: Probiotic bacteria
tilapia can obtain their essential amino acid Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus pumilus,Copper alloy mesh technology began in 1975 with small requirements from GI in Northeastern Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus salmon farming enclosures microbiota aloneUSA. Since then, alloy technology has evolved and now is when dietary sources are low or absent. faecium as well as various mixtures of these being successfully used in Japan, Australia and Chile, Other authors have isolated gut microbes candidates. providing productive and sustainable solutions for fish that can produce future applications and trials However, other studies have failed to farmers. Development of other enzymes involved in of digestion (carbohydrases, esterases, forms, show a difference in growth parameters withimproved copper alloy materials, mesh lipases, and aquaculture system configurations are underway with a phosphatases, peptidases, cellulases), some the use of various probiotics. Contradictory variety of species in China, Korea, Panama, Turkey, South of which are being assessed as potential results may reflect the differences in rearing Africa, and the United States. probiotics. conditions and diet where fish reared under Copper alloy mesh cages have improved the sanitary Anaerobic and sustainability of shortnear optimal conditions are unlikely to conditions, productivity microbes can produce operations chain fatty farmers raising salmon, trout benefit from probiotic applications. for aquaculture acids (which can elevate gut and many motility and be used said Nigel purposes Probiotics can improve growth perform- other species for years, for energy Cotton of the European Copper Institute. or further lipid synthesis) by fermenting ance by increasing nutrient utilisation and dietary carbohydrates. Obligate anaerobes, uptake, production of enzymes, amino acids, primarily Cetobacterium somereae and short-chain fatty acids and vitamins. Chlostridium spp. can produce large opened However, 2011, specific mechanisms in the ECI presented the copmarine aquaculture industry, which amounts In August of vitamin B12, thus tilapia do not require scientific evaluations are AquaNor to up a favorable condition for further explorper alloy cage solution at often hardand a the source this vitamin because of elucidate, a trial part to the in Turkey ingdietary potentialof of this technology in presented due in case deployedethical and the microbial production capability. Another methodological limitations of animal studEurope and China. over the summer. In September of 2011, mechanism which may improve digestive ies, together with complex relationships ICA joined efforts with the East China Sea function is the enhancement of the morbetween possible Institute action. Fisheries Researchmodes ofto demonstrate MORE INFORMATION: phology of the GI tract. the Bacteria commonly found in the trial significant outcome of the their gut, Irina Dumitrescu including Aeromonads, are known to proproject at the 11th Five-year National European Copper Institute duce Technological other gut microbes Morphological effects Fisheryproteases and Innovation Exhibition, Avenue de Tervueren 168 - box 10 produce amino acids Strait Fishery used on the B-1150 Belgium Brussels, intestine a major activity of thewhich could beExpo, by of the It +32 2 7777082 Tel: has been reported that probiotics can onethe host. most influential fishery trade Email: id@eurocopper.org This helps affect fish GI function and morphology. In event in China. to explain the findings of Website: www.eurocopper.org Newsome activities significantly raised this respect, a study by Pirarat et al (2011) These et al. (2011) who showed that awareness of copper alloy mesh in the
Website: www.aquaculture.org

Growth performance and effect on digestion and nutrient utilisation

Improved growth performance has been observed in tilapia fed diets supplemented with a number of probiotics including S. cerevisiae, Micrococcus luteus, B. subtilis,

iven that supply of natural resources in the oceans is under increasing pressure, the marine aquaculture industry is growing and looks set to overtake traditional fishing industry as a major source of edible seafood. In Europe, Asia and Latin America the emphasis is on transforming the current industry into a sustainable industry. In fact, China has become the only country in the world whose aquaculture production volume exceeds that from traditional fishing. The countrys annual output for aquaculture constitutes as much as 20 percent of global production output. However, owning to constraints placed by out-of-date aquaculture technologies and facilities, as well as a series of unfavorable natural environmental conditions, Chinas marine aquaculture faces challenges with respect to ensuring the adequate supply of healthy and high-quality aquaculture products. Given this background, International Copper Association China (ICA) and the European Copper Institute (ECI) are introducing copper alloy mesh into China, and respectively Europe, following its great success in introducing the new technology into Chile Salmon farming to contribute to the sustainable development of the world marine aquaculture.

Pseudoscisena crocea otakii

Sebastodes fuscescens

Hexagrammos

Lateolabrax japonicus

The blue revolution

In China, a trial targets improving the professional standards of Chinas agricultural

technology and fostering a Blue Revolution for Chinese food production, through meeting Chineses growing needs for protein. This trial kicked off through a partnership with the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, a subsidiary organization of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and ICA. They jointly embarked on a research project, evaluating the effectiveness and potential to introduce copper alloy mesh into Chinas marine aquaculture, as well as exploring innovations to adapt this technology to the marine environment of China. During the past two years, this project has initiated a series of R&D efforts, focusing on verification, design, production and trial run of copper alloy mesh cages tailor made for Chinese local marine environment. To-date 10 pilot cages have been successfully placed in Dalian, Weihai, Taizhou and Fangchenggang for testing and on-going research. The types of fish bred in these cages include large yellow croaker, black rockfish, bass and greenling, etc. Along with this trial, ICA and ECI also rolled out a series of promotional activities, to educate Chinese and European stakeholders and audiences on the benefits of adopting copper alloy mesh. "Its an exciting time for this proven product, we are seeing increasing inter-

est in copper alloy cages resulting in significant sales in several parts of the world and important trials in areas where we are rolling out the experience says Nigel Cotton of ECI. Forward thinking companies see the need for consolidation of their resources to gain efficiencies, leading to larger cages, the need for better security from predicators, escapes and better stock keeping In September of 2011, International Copper Association (ICA) joined efforts with the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (ECSFRI), to demonstrate the significant outcome of introducing copper alloy mesh into Chinas marine aquaculture through their partnership at the Fuzhou Strait Fishery Expo, one of the most influential fishery trade events in China

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