253T20221153 TC

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1.1.3. Bien cultural
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1.3.1. Legislación del patrimonio arqueológico
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2.5.1. Características
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Fiscalías supremas: penal, civil, Junta de Fiscales Superiores del


Distrito Fiscal
contencioso administrativo, control
interno

Junta de Fiscales Prvinciales del


Distrito Fiscal Fiscalías provinciales: corporativas, civiles, mixtas,
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jerárquica del Ministerio Publico


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