GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF

TEXTILE FIBERS

TEXTILE FIBERS

NATURAL MAN - MADE

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 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
TEXTILE FIBERS
NATURAL

CELLULOSE PROTIEN MINERAL

EXAMPLE:
BAST LEAF SEAD HAIR STAPLE FILAMENT ASBESTOS

EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:

FLAX SISAL, COTTON, HAIR SILK
(LINEN), CAMEL,
HEMP, CASHMERE,
JUTE, LIAMA,
RAMIE, MOHAIR,
WOOL
SHEEP
 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
TEXTILE FIBERS
MAN-MADE

ORGANIC IN-ORGANIC

EXAMPLE:
NATURAL POLYMER BASE SYNTHETIC PYLMER BASE GLASS,
METALLIC,
(REGENERATED CELLULOSE)

EXAMPLE:
CELLULOSE BASE PROTEIN BASE ALGINATE BASE
ACRYLIC,
EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: MODACRYLIC,
NYLON,
RAYAN, AZLON RUBBER OLEFIN,
POLYESTER,
ACETATE,
SPANDEX,
TENCEL
ESSENTIAL PROPERTIES OF
TEXTILE FABRICS
 Abrasion Resistance

“ An ability to resist wear from rubbing”

Mainly contributes to fabric durability

Nylon is extensively used for active sports wear because it

is very strong and resists abrasion extremely well.
 Absorbency
An ability to take in moisture from atmosphere”

Expressed as a percentage of moisture regain

Moisture Regain = Original Weight – Oven Dry Weight x 100
Oven Dry Weight

Moisture regain is the amount of water a dry fabric will absorb

from the air under standard atmospheric condition of 65%

relative humidity, 20+20C temperature

 Hydrophilic Fibers
“Fibers, which are able to absorb water easily”
All ->

 ->

 ->
 Hydrophobic Fibers

“Fibers, which are not able to absorb or has

difficulty in absorbing water”

All synthetic fibres like polyester,nylon,acrylic and

spandex are Hydrophobic in nature
Absorbency is related to many factors
Skin Comfort
 Little absorption of perspiration results in a clammy feeling

Static Charges Build up

 Static charges can be easily build up in hydrophilic fibers,
results that sparks and clinging occurs

Stain Removal
It is easier to remove stains from hydrophilic fibers because
water and detergent are absorbed in to the fiber
 Wicking

“The ability of a fiber/fabric to spread of moisture on the

surface of the fiber”

 Based on the chemical and physical composition of the outer

Smooth surface reduces wicking action

 Cotton is hydrophilic and also possess good wicking action

 Polyester & Nylon are hydrophobic but has good wicking when
micro-denier in size
 Wicking is desirable for jogging & exercise clothes and active sports
wear.
 Cover
“An ability to occupy yarns on area in fabric structure”

 Thick fiber, one with a crimp will give the fabric better
cover than a thin straight fiber

 Wool is widely used fiber for blankets and winter

fabrics because its crimp gives excellent cover – resulting
in large amount of air being trapped in the fabric
 The effectiveness of cover
depends on:

 Cross section of fibers

 Longitudinal configuration of fibers

 Thickness or diameter of yarn

 Chemical Effects
“An ability of fibers how they are reacting with different
chemicals like acids, alkalis, organic solvents, bleaching
agents etc”
The effect of chemicals relates directly to the
care required in

Cotton has poor resistance to acids but excellent

resistance to alkalis

Wool athletic socks turns yellow if washed with

Chlorine bleaches
 Dimensional Stability
“An ability of a fabric to retain its shape & size during
washing or dry cleaning”

Cellulosic fibers -> Swelling in water

Wool -> Felting in washing

(Relaxation of stress and strain during washing)

Reduction in size -> ‘Shrinkage’

Increase in size -> ‘Growth’

 Elasticity
“The ability to increase in length when under tension
“Elasticity” and then return to the original length when
tension released “Elastic Recovery”

 Makes a fabric more comfortable garment

 Causes less seam stress
 Increases the breaking strength of the fabric
 Complete recovery will help to prevent bagginess occurring at
elbows,knees, as well as preventing the garment become loose fitting.
 Spandex, rubber are “Elastomeric Fibres”
 300 - 400 Elongation and 98 - 100 Recovery
 Flexibility: “Drape”
“The ability of a fibre (fabric) to bend easily under its own
weight”
It’s a bending behavior of fabric under its own weight

Offers shape and form to textile products

Thinner fiber produce (Sheer fabric)offers the better

drapeablity results graceful appearance
 Example: Acetate, Silk, Nylon and Polyester Light weight
fabrics
 Hand
The way a fiber (yarn or fabric) feels when handled”
 The hand of the fiber is affected by its:
 Surface Configuration
 Shape
 The fiber shape vary from round, flat, tri-lobal and
multi-lobel
 The fiber surface differ from smooth, serrated or
scaly
 The fiber configuration is either crimp or straight
 Type of yarn, fabric construction and finishingprocess used
also affect the ‘hand’ of a fabric
 Luster

Factors that are affecting lusture of the fabric:

 Crimp and Waviness in fiber

 Cross sectional shape
 Fiber length
 In man-made fibers, the degree of lusture can be controlled by a
chemical ingredient (de lusturing agent ‘Titanium Dioxide’ so be
made bright, semi-dull and dull
 Resiliency or Wrinkle Resistance
“

 Fabric that has good resiliency does not wrinkle easily and
therefore tends to retain its good appearance.

 Polyester and Wool fabrics have excellent resiliency.

 Pilling

► Pills usually form in the areas that are rubbed such as

collars
► Hydrophobic ( synthetic ) fibers tend to pill much more than
hydrophilic fibers
 Thermo-Plasticity

“ Thermoplastic fibers melts or soften when heat is applied”

 All synthetic fibers are thermoplastic

 Permanent creases and pleats can be made

on fabrics containing thermoplastic fibers.

 Environmental Condition
“An ability of fabric how it behaves to certain exposure like
sunlight, storage and wet condition”

 Wool garments should be moth protected when

stored

 Nylon and silk looses its strength and colour

when exposed to prolonged sunlight.

 Hence, not preferred for curtains and draperies

 Cotton has poor resistance to fungus. Should

not be allowed to remain wet for long periods of
time
 Static Charges
“Natural electrical charges in textile materials “

 These are induced when the fabrics are in dry

and humid condition

 Hydrophobic fibers are having natural

tendency to induce static problem because or
poor absorbency
 Strength
“Is the ability to resist stress and strain”

 Expressed as tenacity (grams per denier)

 Synthetic fibers are generally stronger than

natural and regenerated cellulosic fibers

 Strength and abrasion resistance contributes to

durability of fabric

 For outerwear and uniforms and industrial

applications strength is most important
Cotton.
 COTTON General Features

Grows in seed pot of the Cotton plant, composed 90% of

Cellulose.
Length of Cotton fibres varies from ½“ – 2½“. When viewed
under microscope, each fibre is a single elongated cell that is
twisted and ribbon like with wide inner hollow (lumen).
Grades of Cotton fibres are based on:

Colour: From white to yellowish or grey

Purity: Amount of foreign matter present
Staple length: Average length of fibre
 COTTON General Features

Sources:
Long stapled Cotton:
South American Pima, Egyptian Cotton, Sea
Island
Short staple Cotton:
India, Pakistan and other Asian countries
 Aesthetic Properties and performance of Cotton
fabrics:
 Basically, Cotton fabrics have poor luster due to its
natural colour. But it can be improved by:
►Using long stapled cotton fibres
►Mercerized and Ammonia treated fabrics have soft
and pleasant luster
►Weave; Cotton Sateen’s luster due to weave structure
 Drape, luster, texture, hand etc are affected by type of
yarn, yarn count, fabric structure and finishes.
 Feels cool, inelastic, soft and dry.
 Poor resiliency: - Cotton fabrics wrinkle easily
 Poor dimensional stability: - Shrink easily
 No problem with pilling but Cotton fabrics have ‘lint’,
due to short fibres
 Durability Properties and performance of
Cotton fabrics

Good strength and abrasion resistance;

In wet condition, strength is increased by
20%;
Good resistance to alkalis and organic
solvents;
Poor resistance to Acids;
Easily attacked by fungus and mildew;
Poor resistance to sunlight.
 Properties and performance of Cotton
fabrics

Hydrophilic, moisture regain is 8.5%

Good wicking
Gives cooling effect – good for hot weather
Absorbs moisture quickly and dries quickly
Cover depends on type of yarn and yarn count.
Poor elasticity and moderate recovery
 Recommended care

Machine wash and dry clean (apparel)

Steam of dry clean with caution (furnishing)

End uses:

Because of Comfort / Durability / Easy Care Formal and Casual shirts,

trousers, intimate apparel and ladies dress materials, wide range of
cotton / polyester blends

Furnishings:
Because of Versatility, Natural comfort, Ease of finishing and Dyeing
Towels, sheets, pillow cases, bed spreads, drapes, curtains,
upholstery, slip covers and wall coverings
 FLAX General Features
Flax comes from the stem of the flax plant, and mainly
composed of cellulose.
The natural color of flax varies from light ivory to tan color.
Medium weight fiber and fiber length varies between 2” – 36”.
 Linen fabrics are ‘lint’ free because no short fibers.
Under microscope it is shaped like bamboo.
Flax fibers are spun and twisted to form a yarn and woven
the finished fabric is called ‘Linen’
Flax
 FLAX Properties and performance of Linen
fabrics
Positive Features:
Excellent Strength: Twice as long as Cotton; fabric wears evenly; 20%
stronger when wet condition;
 Good hand and high natural luster;
 More hydrophilic than Cotton, 12% moisture regain.
‘Good fabric for hot weather’
#1. Excellent moisture regain
#2. Absorb moisture quickly and dries quickly
Completely washable and dry cleanable; Highest safe ironing
temperature 234° C; No pilling and static problems; Adequate
dimensional stability

Negative Features:
Attacked by mildew and silver fish; Fair abrasion resistance and fair
elasticity “Not as durable as Cotton” and Poor resiliency
 FLAX Uses:
Because of its high production cost and the fact
that it wrinkles easily linen is used only in limited
extend in apparels.
 However, because linen fabrics are strong, light
weight. Drape well, feel cool, and resist soiling.
They are suited for higher quality fashion aspects
or professional wear, summer apparel and
household linen: bed, table and bath items
FLAX Uses:
FLAX Uses:
Silk
Silk
SILK General Features
 SILK General Features
► Silk is a natural animal fibre composed of protein and
obtained from Silk cocoons.

► May look in natural colour like grey or yellow because of a

gum substance ‘sericin’

► The raw Silk that comes from the cocoons consist of fibroin
(fibre) and sericin to hold filaments together

► Sericin is insolublein water, it can be dissolved by strong

acids and alkalies to make silk fabric soft and glossy.
 SILK General Features
► The removal of sericin is called de-gumming

► Silk is an only natural fibre available as filaments.

► One cocoon will yield 1000 – 2500 yards of filament

► Raw silk appears as a double fibre with an irregular

surface structure. After de-gumming, silk appears as a
single fibre, smooth, regular and transparent
 Major producers of Silk:
China, Korea, Japan and India
 Aesthetic Properties and performance of Silk
fabrics
 Luster: Luxurious appearance, high brightness after sericin is removed.

 Drape: Light weight fibre excellent drape gives graceful appearance to garment

 Resiliency: Silk ranks next to wool, wrinkles hangout fairly readily but not
as quickly as wool

 Hand: Luxurious hand, feels warm, crisp, smooth and dry

 Pilling: No problem
 SILK Durability performance
►Strength: Strongest animal fiber, looses 15% - 20% when
wet
►Abrasion resistance: Fair – good depends on fabric
construction
►Chemical effects:
 Good resistance to acids. Concentrated, strong acids will
destroy silk; Nitric acid causes silk to become yellow;
 Poor resistance to alkalies; better than wool; dissolved by 5%
NaOH; Damaged by substance containing chloride salts
which are found in perspiration, deodorants and plain salt
water;
 Good resistance to dry cleaning solvents;
 Poor resistance to chlorine bleaches
 SILK Durability performance

Effect of Environmental Condition

Poor resistance to sun light, prolonged
exposure results in change of colour and
destroy silk faster than Cotton and Wool;
High resistance to mildew, clean silk fabrics
are not attacked by moths and other insects.
 SILK Comfort Performance

 Hydrophilic fibre. 11% moisture regain

 Fair Wicking
 Rate of absorption - Slow
 Rate of drying - Quick

 Covering Power:
Poor, fibres are thin and more yarns required producing
cloth.
Elasticity:
Very elastic, 20% elongation at breaking point
Elastic recovery:
Poor recovery if stretched beyond 2% elongation
Dimensional Stability:
tends to shrink when laundered or dry cleaned
 SILK Care and Maintenance

 Usually dry cleaned;

 may be laundered depending upon finishing agents,

fabric structure and garment construction.

 Safe ironing temperature is 150 degree Celsius;

Discolors at 120 degrees;

 Damaged by body oils / perspiration and water salts /

from steam
Silk is versatile. It may be woven or knitted in to sheerest
chiffon / lingerie or the heaviest velvets.
For apparels, silk offers:
High strength, excellent drape, comfort, luxurious
hand, a pleasing lusture and beautiful colours.
For daytime wear:
silk provides comfort, durability and wrinkle resistance to
garments that proclaim aesthetic quality.
 Silk is rarely used to make heavy fabrics because it is
expensive due to finer yarns
 Spun silk is less elastic, duller and stiffer than filament silk.
It is used for lower grades of cloth for apparel.
 SILK In Home Furnishings, Silk fabrics provide
A richness, dry, firm, yet yielding hand gives a
pleasant tactile sensation; The brilliance of
colour and the natural luster delights the eyes;
In addition to their aesthetic qualities Silk
furnishings are comfortable and durable;
Dupion silk and Spun silk provide an
interesting textural effects in upholstery and
drapery fabrics.
 Silk
Apparels
Home Furnishing products
 IMPORTANT TYPES OF SILK PRODUCTS







 SILK Types of Mulberry Silk
Si. No Types Mutivoltin Bivoltine
e
:
1 Origin India China, Japan
2 Single Cocoon Weight 1.15 1.5
3 Average Length (mts) 350 1030
4 Filament Denier 3-4 2–3
5 Breaking length (mts) 200 900
6 Luster good excellent
7 Uniformity good excellent
SILK
Wool
 WOOL General Features

Wool is a natural animal fibre and composed of

protein.

Most wool fibres are between 2 – 20cm staple length

and elliptical cross section.

The surface of the fibre is covered with scales.

Most wool is white; however it may be found in gray,

brown and black.
 WOOL General Features
The quality of wool depends upon

Fibre fineness;
Staple length;
The amount of impurities contained in the fleece;
The scale structure; Natural colour;
The part of fleece from which it is derived.

The finer wool: - Thin, long, white and have definite crimp.
The coarser wool: - Rough scale structure, straight and may be
brown or black
Aesthetic Properties and performance of Wool fabrics
Luster:

Drape:
Resiliency:
Hand:
Pilling:
 Durability Properties and performance of Wool
fabrics
Strength: Relatively weak fiber; Strong yarns can be produced due to long staple fibres
and natural crimp with the high friction provided by the scales on its surface.
Abrasion resistance: Good
Chemical effects:
 Poor resistance to chlorine bleaches, damaged by oxidizing bleaches;
 Highly resistant to organic solvents;
 Good resistance to acids; Poor resistance to alkalies;
 Good resistance to oil-borne stains; Poor resistance to water-borne stains.

Effect of Environmental Conditions:

 Fair to Good resistance to sunlight;
 Poor resistance to mildew if exposed to damp conditions for prolonged periods; Easily damaged
by carpet bleaches and moths
 Comfort Performance
Hydrophillic fibre, moisture regain is13%

Wool is a warm fabric. For which, there are two reasons:

Poor Wicking: Rate of absorption & Rate of drying = Poor
Good Cover: The high level crimp and loose structure of wool yarn results
air to be trapped on the outer surface of the fabric. ‘Trapped air’ has
insulating behavior.

Wool stretches well and has excellent elastic recovery => Wool yarns will
permit garments to give with the motion of the body.

Dimensional Stability:
Felting: Interlocking of fibres due to scales when subjected to wet
mechanical action. The result is “progressive shrinkage”
 WOOL Care & Maintenance:
►


 In apparel, wool is found in outer wear, for its warmth and
durability;
 men’s and women’s suits for its wrinkle resistance, comport and
durability;
 socks, for its abrasion resistance and ability to absorb moisture.
 In home furnishings, wool provides resiliency, durability, hand,
and dye ability for floor coverings and carpets as well as
upholstery.
 Wool and wool blends provide long life, excellent comfort
properties, excellent esthetics and formability behavior to formal
suits and bottom weights.
 WOOL Types of wool products

Virgin wool
It is processed from unused fibres obtained from first clipping of fleece of
sheep.

Re-processed wool
Processed fibres, yarns or fabrics that have not been used by the consumers
but is broken down and converted in to fibre state to be made in to yarns
and fabrics again.

Merino Wool
A fine long-stapled and soft wool fibres from the ‘Marino sheep’ which is raised
in Australia and New Zealand
 WOOL Types of wool products
Saxony Wool
A fine long-stapled and soft wool fabric made from sheep raised in
Saxony, Germany

Shetland Wool
A fine long-stapled and soft Wool fabric from the Shetland Island in
Scotland

Lambs Wool
Virgin Wool fibre clipping obtained from 7 to 8 months old lambs
Wool in apparels
Wool in Home
Furnishing
 Specialty wool fibres-Angora

Angora is hair of the Angora rabbit.these rabits are raised in

Europe,Chile,China and U.S
 Each rabbit produces only a few ounces of fibers which is very
fine, fluffy, soft, slippery, and fairly long. It is pure white or a
natural color.
 Angora fibres has poor dye affinity
 It is usually blended with wool to facilitate spinning because the
slick fiber has poor cohesiveness.
 Angora is most often used in apparel such as sweaters.
 Specialty wool fibres-Camel’s Hair

Camel’s hair is obtained from the two-hump Bactrian camel.

Camel’s hair is said to have the best insulation of any of the
wool fibers
.
Camel’s hair gives warmth without weight, the finer fibers are
much prized for clothing fabrics.

Camel’s hair is most often used in coats, jackets, scarves and

sweaters as well as wool blended blankets
 Specialty wool fibres- Cashmere

Cashmere comes from a small goat raised in Kashmir

 Cashmere is used in high-quality apparel.

 Fabrics are warm, buttery in hand, and have beautiful

draping characteristics.
 Fibre has more sensitive to chemicals than wool
 Specialty wool fibres-Mohair

‣M
‣
ohair is the hair fiber of the Angora goat.
Mohair fibers have a circular cross section. Scales on the surface are scarcely
visible. There are some air ducts between the cells that give mohair its lightness

‣and fluffiness.
Mohair is one of the most resilient fibers and has no crimp, giving it a silk like

‣‣
luster and a smoother surface that is more resistant than wool.
mohair fibers are smoother and more lustrous than wool fibers.

‣‣
Mohair is very strong and has good affinity for dye.
Mohair is less expensive than most of the other specialty wools.
Mohair’s chemical properties are the same as those of wool. Mohair makes a
better novelty loop yarn than wool or other specialty hair fibers.
 Specialty wool fibres-Mohair

‣ Mohair’s good resiliency is used to advantage in hand knitting

yarns, pile fibers, and suitings.
‣ Because it resists crushing and pillings, it is used in flat and pile
upholstery fabrics and hand-produced floor coverings.
‣ Its natural flame resistance, insulation, and sound absorbency
make it ideal for specialty drapery applications. Because it holds
heat well, it is used in blends for blankets.
‣ Mohair is also used to produce human hair substitute wigs and
hairpieces.
 VISCOSE RAYON General Features

Viscose Rayon is regenerated cellulose.

It is a man-made fibre and it consists of almost entirely

cellulose;

Under Microscope, the fibre is ridged and has deeply serrated

cross section;

Produced in both filament and staple fibre form;

 Naturally white colour, can be produced in dull, semi dull and

bright colors;
 Aesthetic Properties and performance of Rayon
fabrics

Luster: Bright and luxurious appearance can be modified according

to end uses by adding de-lusturing pigments during manufacturing .
Drape: light weight and drapes extremely well
Resiliency: Poor, Wrinkles easily when worn
Hand: Pleasant, soft and cool to touch
Pilling: No problem
 VISCOSE RAYON Durability Performance

Strength: Poor, Loses 30 – 40% of strength when wet.

Abrasion resistance; Poor

Chemical Effects:
Easily damaged by strong acids. Hot dilute mineral acids or
cold concentrated acids damage the fabric.
Good resistance to alkalies. Concentrated alkalies will
cause swelling and reduce strength; Good resistance to
organic solvents; Both oxidizing / reducing bleaches used in
spot and stain removal.
 VISCOSE RAYON Durability Performance

Effect of Environmental Conditions

 Lengthy exposure to sunlight weakens the fabric; Mildew depends

on humidity and temperature.

 Resist mildew if clean and dry. Mildew discolours and weakens

the fabric;

 May be attacked by silver fish and insects but resistant to moths.

 Comfort Performance-Viscose Rayan
” Absorbency: Hydrophilic; Moisture regain 13%

Wicking: Good. Rate of absorption / drying: Fast.

Elasticity / Recovery: 20% extension & 80%

recovery at 2% extension

Dimensional Stability: Poor; 20 – 30% shrinkage “

Progressive Shrinkage
Dry cleaning preferred for highly value added
apparels;
May be laundered for low priced seasonal
apparels;
easy to iron; safe ironing temperature limit 122
degree Celsius

Safety Performance:
Burns rapidly and it is flammable
 To produce High Wet Strength Rayon, the fibre producer
modifies the regular Viscose Rayon procedure;
 Higher wet / dry strength than regular Rayon; 50% strong when
dry; 100% strong when wet;
 Absorbs less water than regular rayon and swell less;
 Can be given shrinkage treatment to make fabric dimensionally
stable;
 Crease resistant finishes can be applied without loss of
strength;
 VISCOSE RAYON End uses
Viscose rayon is widely used in apparel, home
furnishings and automobile tires.

For apparel use rayon fibres may be used for lightweight

summer blouses and skirts as readily as for heavy,
bottom-weight fabrics for trousers.

In home furnishings, filament and spun yarns of rayon

provide fashion appeal with bright, long-lasting colors
and pleasing luster. Tightly constructed heavy rayon
fabrics give satisfactory durability and ease of care.
 VISCOSE RAYON End uses
 Rayon is one of the least expensive fibre.

 Blending rayon with polyester and nylon, yields

fabrics that are softer,durable,washable more
comfortable, and inexpensive for top weights
and bottom weights.

 It is highly flammable, thus it is not used in

children’s sleepwear
 POLYESTER General Features

Synthetic Poly ethylene terepthalate molecular

structure;

produced as filament and staple length;

under microscope: Smooth, even, rod likes

shape;
naturally white in colour
Luster: High natural luster, may be de-lustered
Drape: Good – Excellent
Resiliency: Outstanding; Excellent recovery from wrinkling /
creasing
Hand: Feels cool, elastic, smooth and slick
Pilling / Static: Subject to pilling and static build up;
produces electric charges
 Durability

Strength very good in both dry and wet condition

Abrasion resistance; Exceptionally Good
Effect of Chemicals
 Good resistance to most acids / alkalies;
 Good resistance to dry cleaning solvents;
 Good resistance to oxidizing and reducing bleaches
Effect of Environmental Conditions
 Good resistance to sunlight;
 Completely resistance to bacteria, fungus, mildew / moth




 –



 Care / Maintenance:

Laundered or dry cleaned; Machine dry at low

temperature; require little or no ironing. Safe ironing
temperature is 163 degree Celsius.

Attracts lint, Oil borne stains difficult or impossible to

remove
Woven fabrics
 Spun yarns blended with Cotton & Rayon made in to durable
press / wrinkle free fabrics.
 Top and bottom weight men’s / women’s formal / casual wears
 Blankets, bed spreads, curtains that match bedspreads mattress
ticking, table linen and upholstery fabrics
Filament yarn fabrics are used in glass curtains because
polyester has excellent light resistance
Knitted Fabrics


 ’
’


.
 POLYESTER-End uses
Fibre fill applications:
Hollow cross section fibres provides high resiliency and loft,
durability, comfort and easy care performances are highly
suitable for pillows, comforters, bedspreads, quilted house holds
and apparel fabrics and winter jackets.

Non Wovens:
Inner linings / interfacings for coats, suits and jackets, shoulder pads
and mattress inner linings.

Industrial Applications:
Carpets, Pile fabrics, tyre cords, conveyor belts, tents, ropes,
parachute cloths, fishing nets, sail cloths, filters, seed / fertilizer
bags
 POLYESTER-modification
Polyester Micro-fibre:
∆ 0.5 to 1 denier / filament: Ski Jackets, Outer wear
sports wear, Snow jackets
∆ 0.6 to 0.7 denier / filament: Intimate apparels, Ski
wear, Outer wear, Body fit, exercise clothing
Micro fibres provides amazing and exciting drape /
hand for high fashion women’s wear.
Improved wicking provides good comfort
performance for intimate / body fit / sports wear
 NYLON General Features
Synthetic Polyamide molecular structure;
Produced as filaments and staple;
Generally round cross-section, but can be
engineered any shape;
Naturally white color;
The most common and heavily produced
polyamides are Nylon 6, Nylon 6 6, which
are nearly identical.
 Properties and performance of Nylon fabrics
 ’






 Properties and performance of Nylon fabrics





“ ”

 NYLON in Consumer Use

Widely used in hosiery, outer wear and

house hold furnishings, in 100% fabrics/
blends / combination Mainly used for outer
wear / swim wear fabrics, Ski pants and
active sports wear
Used for lining material in coats / jackets
because of excellent durability;
however, expensive
 ACRYLIC General Features

Manufactured fibre composed of at least

85% by weight of Acrylo nitrile units;
Produced in both staple and filament
fibres;
Round cross section or bell shaped cross
section;
Color; White or Off-white
Produces high bulk to lightweight fabric;
Appearance & hand similar o wool;

High natural luster; may be de-lustered. Good drape and crease

resistance;

Feels warm, elastic, smooth and slick; Susceptible to

pilling. Subject to static build up;

Slow absorption and Quick drying;

strong in both wet / dry condition; Good abrasion resistance:
Safely bleached by all household bleaches; Good resistance to
mineral acids alkalis and organic solvents Excellent resistance
to sunlight and weathering; Good resistance to fungus and
micro organisms and insects

Produces thick, fluffy, bulk fabric to lightweight makes

warmer for winter dress materials. Good resistance to flame;
slowly burns;

Washes well and dries quickly

Easily dyed with bright colors; cheaper prices
 Acrylic in Consumer Use
Fleece fabrics frequently used in jogging outfits
and active sports wear sweaters and socks.
Thick, snuggy furs that are used for coats, jackets,
linings.
Upholstery fabrics may be flat woven fabrics or
velvets and drapery fabrics. This is an appropriate
and growing end use for acrylics because of their
good sunlight resistance and weathering
properties.
 MOD-ACRYLIC General Features

►Mod-acrylic is a manufactured fibre in

which the fibre forming substance is any
long chain synthetic polymer composed
of less than 85% but at least
35% by weight of acrylonitrile units
Properties and performance of Mod acrylic fabrics

The fabrics made from modacrylic fibre

have a warm, pleasant hand, good drape,
and resiliency, wrinkle resistance and
strength; hence they can be used to make
durable fabric.
Hydrophobic in nature; Fair resistance to
alkalis; Static and pilling are problems
Properties and performance of Mod acrylic fabrics
Good strength & Elasticity; Fair abrasion
resistance; Fair to Good resiliency;
Have good bulking power;
Good fire resistance.
Excellent resistance to sunlight and weather;
Excellent affinities for dyes; Blends well with
other fibres
 MOD-ACRYLIC in Consumer Use

Major uses are Fur pile fabrics, children’s

sleepwear, protective clothing for electric line
personnel;
Widely used in draperies, bedspreads, pillows,
rugs and carpets;
Sweaters, dress and suiting fabrics; Linings in coats,
and jackets as winter fashion
 SPANDEX (LYCRA) General Features

Segmented Poly Urethane

cross section varies dog-bone / peanut shapes;

produced as mono filament / multi filaments
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 SPANDEX (LYCRA) in Consumer Use

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 SPANDEX (LYCRA)
Lycra Adds life to clothes:
 Lycra in swimwear, innerwear and active sports
wear means lasting fit with comfort and freedom of
movement;
 Lycra in tailored clothes and fashion wear freedom of
movement, extra comfort and an elegant drape;
 It also improves the quality of Knitted / Woven fabrics as it
prevents bagging and accelerate wrinkle recovery;
 Lycra in hosiery (Tricot Knit Lingere) provides
improved comfort, wrinkle free, luxurious smooth and soft feel
and define the shape and body without binding