Question 1 Question 11

A reaction with a delta G of zero: a. Lysosome A zwitterion ________________.

b. Nucleus
a. Requires energy c. Ribosome a. Has a positive charge
b. Is at equilibrium d. Endoplasmic Reticulum b. Has a negative charge
c. Is spontaneous c. Overall, has no charge
d. None of the above Question 7 d. All of the above
The term "kinetics" refers to:
Question 2 Question 12
A solution with a pH of 5 is: a. The energy required for a All amino acids contain both a(n)
reaction ______ and a(n) ________ group.
a. Acidic b. The disorder of a system
b. Basic c. The speed at which a reaction a. Hydrogen, carbohydrate
c. Neutral will occur b. Amine, carboxylic acid
d. None of the above d. The pH of a solution c. Sulfur, amine
d. None of the above
Question 3
Alcohols contain a _________ group. Question 8 Question 13
______ is the process by which the Essential amino acids:
a. Hydroxyl information in DNA is transferred to
b. Sulfur RNA. a. Are made by organisms
c. Phenol b. Must be obtained from dietary
d. None of the above a. Translation sources
b. Replication c. Are made from DNA
Question 4 c. Transcription d. Include proline
Biologically important noncovalent d. Ubiquitination
bonds include: Question 14
Question 9 The first reaction of amino acid
a. Van der Waals interactions The strongest bonds that are present in biochemical degradation is?
b. Hydrogen bonds compounds are ______________.
c. Electrostatic interactions a. Deamination
d. All of the above a. Ionic bonds b. Decarboxylation
b. Covalent bonds c. Cyclization
Question 5 c. Hydrogen bonds d. None of the above
Entropy is ______________. d. Van der Waals interactions Question 15
The only amino acid without a chiral
a. The degree of disorder of a Question 10 center is _____________.
system A chiral compound _________________.
b. The degree of energy of a system a. Proline
a. Is non-superimposable on its b. Methionine
c. A type of noncovalent bond mirror image c. Alanine
d. A type of covalent bond b. Is the same as its mirror image d. Glycine

Question 6 c. Is inorganic Question 16

The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is stored d. Contains a sulfur atom There are ______ common amino acids.
within the _____________.
 a. 15 b. Ubiquitin d. None of the above
b. 25 c. Alanine
c. 20 d. Urea Question 27
d. 10 The tertiary structure of a protein
Question 22 refers to its __________.
Question 17 Protein secondary structures include:
______ is the initiating amino acid of a. Overall 3D shape
most newly synthesized proteins. a. Loops b. Multisubunit composition
b. alpha helices c. Amino acid sequence
a. Proline c. beta sheets d. None of the above
b. Alanine d. All of the above
c. Glycine Question 28
d. Methionine Question 23 The ______ carries out protein
Protein synthesis is carried out by degradation.
Question 18 __________.
_____________ is an example of a a. Proteosome
hydrophilic amino acid. a. Mitochondria b. Lysosome
b. Chromosomes c. Ribosome
a. Lysine c. Ribosomes d. Chromosome
b. Leucine d. Lysosomes
c. Methionine Question 29
d. Tryptophan Question 24 ________ aid in protein folding.
The amino acid _______ places certain
Question 19 constraints on the protein backbone. a. Chromosomes
_____________ is an example of a b. Chaperones
hydrophobic amino acid. a. Leucine c. Proteosome
b. Alanine d. None of the above
a. Glutamic acid c. Proline
b. Lysine d. Glycine Question 30
c. Arginine Amino acids are linked by a(n) _______ bond to form a
d. Leucine Question 25 protein.
The difference between a peptide and a
Question 20 protein is ____________. a. Hydrophobic
Nonessential amino acids are: b. Peptide
a. Length c. Ionic
a. Provided in the diet b. Bond formation d. All of the above
b. Synthesized by mammals c. Subunits
c. Both A and B d. All of the above Question 31
d. None of the above Each of the following is one of the
Question 26 six classes of enzyme catalysts,
Question 21 The formation of a dimer refers to a except:
A(n) _________ is a short protein tag protein's ___________.
that attaches to and targets proteins a. Ligases
for degradation. a. Primary structure b. Kinases
b. Tertiary structure c. Transferases
a. Peptide c. Secondary structure d. Isomerases
 The rate of an enzymatic reaction can d. Both A and B
Question 32 be regulated by __________.
Enzymes within metabolic pathways can Question 41
be regulated by ____________. a. pH Carbohydrates are also known as
b. Temperature ____________.
a. Allosteric enzymes c. Concentration
b. Post translational modifications d. All of the above a. Sugars
b. Starches
c. Localization Question 37 c. Fats
d. All of the above _______ are derived from vitamins and d. A and B
are necessary for the function of some Question 42
Question 33 enzymes. Carbohydrates are commonly used as
In competitive inhibition, the ___________.
competitor binds to ________________. a. Helicases
b. Cofactors a. A source of energy
a. The substrate c. Carbohydrates b. An amino acid source
b. The substrate binding site d. None of the above c. A source of nitrogen
c. Distant to the substrate binding d. None of the above
site Question 38
d. None of the above ________ is an example of a post Question 43
translational modification of a Disaccharides are formed by
Question 34 protein. ______________.
kcat refers to _________________.
a. Acetylation a. The condensation of two
a. The maximum rate at which an b. Phosphorylation monosaccharides
enzyme can convert substrate to c. Ubiquitination b. Hydrolysis of a polysaccharide
product d. All of the above
b. The maximum amount of product c. Both A and B
produced in a reaction Question 39 d. Neither A or B
c. The free energy of a reaction Enzymes act as catalysts to ___________________.
d. None of the above Question 44
a. Decrease the activation energy In animals, the process of
of a reaction gluconeogenesis occurs in the
b. Increase the rate of a reaction __________.

c. Mediate the conversion of a. Fat

Question 35 substrate to product b. Liver
Kinases are enzymes that add a(n) d. All of the above c. Spleen
_____ group to proteins. d. Gall bladder
Question 40
a. Hydrogen An important product of glycolysis is Question 45
b. Nitrogen ____________. Lectins are ____________.
c. Phosphoryl
d. Alcohol a. Glucose a. DNA binding proteins
b. ATP b. Lipid binding proteins
Question 36 c. Lectins c. Carbohydrate binding proteins
 d. None of the above d. All of the above a. UTP
b. Fat
Question 46 Question 51 c. ATP
Protein glycosylation takes place in Both DNA and RNA are composed of three d. AMP
the ____________. important parts, which are: Question 56
The correct pairing of bases in DNA is
a. Nucleus a. Glucose, side chains, phosphate __________.
b. Cell membrane group
c. Golgi apparatus b. Nitrogenouse base, phosphate a. A-G; C-T
d. Lysosome group, sugar b. A-C; G-T
c. Nitrogenous base, peptide bond, c. A-T; C-G
Question 47 lipid d. A-U; C-G
Starch is an example of a ___________. d. Phosphate group, sugar, side
chain Question 57
a. Monosaccharide The DNA chromosome of bacteria
b. Disaccharide Question 52 consists of ___________.
c. Polysaccharide Cytosine makes _______ with guanine
d. Trisaccharide when base paired in DNA. a. A circular double stranded DNA

Question 48 a. Three hydrogen bonds b. A circular single stranded DNA

Sucrose, aka table sugar, is composed b. Two hydrogen bonds
of ____________. c. Three peptide bonds c. A linear double stranded DNA
d. Three covalent bonds d. A linear single stranded DNA
a. Glucose
b. Fructose Question 53 Question 58
c. Both A and B DNA is synthesized in a _____ What is the base that is used by RNA
d. Neither A or B direction. but not DNA?

a. 3' to 5' a. Guanine

Question 49 b. 5' to 3' b. Uracil
Fischer projections convey useful information about c. Top to bottom c. Thymine
_____________. d. Left to right d. Cytosine

a. Electron positions Question 54 Question 59

b. 3D structural positioning Double stranded DNA takes on a What type of base is adenine?
c. Resonance __________ structure.
d. Bond lengths a. Purine
a. Beta sheet b. Pyrimidine
Question 50 b. Looped c. Both A and B
ATP facilitates the occurrence of c. Double helix d. Neither A and B
energetically unfavorable reactions d. A-form helix
via ___________. Question 60
Question 55 The sugar used in RNA is ____________.
a. Phosphoryl transfer In the cell, _____ is used as energy
b. Energy coupling currency. a. Deoxyribose
c. ATP to ADP conversion b. Dideoxyribose
 c. Ribose
d. Glucose Question 65
Phospholipids can be composed of
Question 61 _______________.
Fatty acids contain ________________.
a. Fatty acids Question 69
a. A carboxyl group and hydrocarbon b. Glycerol Which of the following are composed of lipids?
chain c. Sphingomyelin
b. A phosphate group and d. All of the above a. Waxes
hydrocarbon chain b. Cholesterol
c. A sugar group and hydrocarbon Question 66 c. Triacylglecerols
chain The difference between saturated and d. All of the above
d. Only a hydrocarbon chain unsaturated fatty acids is
______________. Question 70
Question 62 Glycolysis gives a net yield of
Glycerolphospholipids create a double a. The number of hydrocarbon chains __________.
layer lipid membrane, such as the cell
membrane, because of _____________. b. The length of the hydrocarbon a. 8 moles ATP per glucose
chain b. 1 mole ATP per glucose
a. Their high energy phospho group c. The presence of single or double c. 2 moles ATP per glucose
bonds in the hydrocarbon chain d. 3 moles ATP per glucose
b. Their hydrophilic heads and
hydrophobic tails d. All of the above Question 71
c. Their unsaturated tails Glycolysis takes place in the
d. Their ability to covalently bond Question 67 _________.
to each other The fluidity of the cell membrane is
determined by ___________. a. Cytosol
b. Mitochondria
Question 63 a. The lipid content c. Nucleus
Lipids are the starting material of b. The amount of cholesterol d. Golgi
important biological molecules, present
including ___________. c. The number of saturated and Question 72
unsaturated fatty acids present In the citrate cycle, energy from the
a. Steroids oxidation of acetyl-CoA is converted
b. DNA d. All of the above to _____________.
c. Carbohydrates
d. All of the above Question 68 a. 4 moles ATP, 6 moles FADH2
Triacylglycerol is composed of b. 3 moles, NADH, 1 mole FADH2, 1
Question 64 ___________. mole GTP, 2 CO2
Lipids play a role in which of the c. 2 moles NADH, 2 moles FADH2, 2
following? a. Glycerol and fatty acids ATP
b. Glycerol and long chain alcohols d. 1 mole NADH, 1 mole GTP, 4 CO2
a. Energy storage
b. Membrane structure c. Glycerol and cholesterol
c. Cell signaling d. None of the above Question 73
d. All of the above
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in d. Ribose d. Translation
the _______.
Question 78 Question 83
a. Nucleus The __________ is a hub of cellular DNA is synthesized in a _______
b. Cytosol metabolism because it links the direction.
c. Mitochondria oxidation of carbohydrates, fatty
d. Cell membrane acids, and proteins to ATP synthesis. a. Left to right
b. Top to bottom
Question 74 a. TCA/citrate cycle c. 5' to 3'
The complete oxidation of glucose to b. Urea cycle d. 3' to 5'
CO2 and H2O results in a yield of c. Glycolysis cycle
__________. d. Pentose pathway Question 84
DNA replication is carried out by a
a. 38 ATP/glucose Question 79 ________ enzyme.
b. 42 ATP/glucose True or False: Glycolysis requires
c. 60 ATP/glucose oxygen. a. Helicase
d. 32 ATP/glucose b. Polymerase
a. True c. Kinase
Question 75 b. False d. Topoisomerase
The electron transport system links
oxidation of NADH and FADH2 to Question 80 Question 85
_____________. Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate DNA replication is semi-conservative.
produced during glycolysis can go on What does this mean?
a. Glucose synthesis to ________.
b. Ethanol fermentation a. Half the total DNA is copied
c. ATP synthesis a. The pentose pathway b. Each DNA strand serves as a
d. GTP synthesis b. Oxidative phosphorylation template during replication
Question 76 c. The urea cycle c. Only some base pairs are altered
The input and output of glycolysis is d. All of the above during replication
____________. d. None of the above
Question 81
a. Two molecules glucose, 6 Rank the following, from highest to lowest, in terms of Question 86
molecules CO2 energy: AMP, ATP, ADP? DNA serves as a template for which
b. One molecule glucose, 2 type of RNA?
molecules pyruvate a. ATP, ADP, AMP
c. One molecule glucose, 4 b. AMP, ADP, ATP a. mRNA
molecules pyruvate c. ADP, ATP, AMP b. rRNA
d. One molecule glycogen, 2 d. ATP, AMP, ADP c. tRNA
molecules pyruvate d. All of the above
Question 82
Question 77 A Holliday Junction structure occurs Question 87
The sugar on ATP is _______________. during which process? There are three types of RNA
polymerases in eukaryotic cells. RNA
a. Deoxyribose a. Recombination polymerase I transcribes ______, RNA
b. Glucose b. Replication polymerase II transcribes _______, and
c. Cholesterol c. Transcription
RNA polymerase III mainly transcribes d. None of the above
_________. a. Polymerases Question 96
b. Ligases ELISAs use __________, enabling the
a. Introns, mRNA, rRNA c. Receptors measurement of specific proteins in a
b. rRNA, mRNA, tRNA d. All of the above solution.
c. tRNA, introns, rRNA
d. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Question 92 a. PCR
Molecules that play an important role b. Purification
Question 88 in cell adhesion and structure include c. Antibodies
Which of the following are post- _________. d. None of the above
transcriptional modifications of RNA?
a. Integrins Question 97
a. Cap addition b. Cadherins In a Southern blot, probes are used to
b. Poly A tail addition c. Selectins _________________.
c. Intron removal d. All of the above
d. All of the above a. Hybridize to a specific sequence
Question 93 of DNA
Steroids act as signaling molecules by b. Hybridize to a specific sequence
__________________. of RNA
c. Amplify a specific piece of DNA
a. Binding to extracellular domains
of receptor molecules d. Degrade a specific piece of RNA
Question 89 b. Binding to the plasma membrane
_________ enzymes maintain the torsional stress of
DNA. c. Binding to receptors internal to Question 98
the cell PCR is a valuable tool for analyzing
a. Helicase d. None of the above DNA because ___________________.
b. Topoisomerase
c. Kinase Question 94 a. It allows for the exponential
d. Restriction True or false: Ligand binding to amplification of a small amount
receptors can result in wide-spread of starting material
Question 90 gene expression changes via signal b. It takes a short amount of time
Activation of receptor tyrosine amplification.
kinases results in ____________. c. The DNA sequence amplified need
a. True not be known
a. The opening of ion channels b. False d. All of the above
b. The phosphorylation of the
receptor Question 95 Question 99
c. Membrane potential alterations Stimulation of a G protein coupled receptor results in During SDS-PAGE, proteins are primarily separated
__________. according to their _______________.
d. The exchange of GTP for GDP
a. The flow of ions through the a. Mass
Question 91 receptor b. Shape
Intracellular pathways are altered b. Phosphorylation of the receptor c. Charge
through extracellular molecules d. All of the above
binding to __________. c. The exchange of GDP for GTP
ANSWER KEY 45. C 91. C
46. C 92. D
1. B 47. C 93. C
2. A 48. C 94. A
3. A 49. B 95. C
4. D 50. D 96. C
5. A 51. B 97. A
6. B 52. A 98. D
7. C 53. B 99. A
8. C 54. C
9. B 55. C
10. A 56. C
11. D 57. A
12. B 58. B
13. B 59. A
14. A 60. C
15. D 61. A
16. C 62. B
17. D 63. A
18. A 64. D
19. D 65. D
20. C 66. C
21. B 67. D
22. D 68. A
23. C 69. D
24. C 70. C
25. A 71. A
26. D 72. B
27. A 73. C
28. A 74. D
29. B 75. C
30. B 76. B
31. B 77. D
32. D 78. A
33. B 79. B
34. A 80. B
35. C 81. A
36. D 82. A
37. B 83. C
38. D 84. B
39. D 85. B
40. B 86. D
41. D 87. B
42. A 88. D
43. C 89. B
44. B 90. B