MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

BAGUIO: Upper Ground Floor, Pilando Center, Baguio City
Contact Number: (+93)956 2568509 (Manila), (032) 254-9967 (Cebu), (+63)939 5746940 (Baguio)
E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com

Review Module - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING - RCD-USD (SR Beams)

ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN: BEAMS

2. Under-Reinforced Design
NSCP 2015:
- Steel yields first than Concrete
Load Factors:

U = 1.2D+1.6L

SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS

- Beams reinforced for tension only

STRAIN DIAGRAM of BEAM SECTION

𝜀𝑐 = 0.003; 𝜀𝑡 > 𝜀𝑦
𝑓𝑠 = 𝜀𝑡 𝐸𝑠 > 𝑓𝑦
“STEEL YIELDS”

𝜀𝑐 = 0.003; 𝜀𝑡 > 𝜀𝑦
𝑓𝑠 = 𝜀𝑡 𝐸𝑠 > 𝑓𝑦
“STEEL YIELDS”

3. Over-Reinforced Design
MODES OF DESIGN
- Concrete yields first than Steel
1. Balanced Design

- Concrete and Steel yield simultaneously

𝜀𝑐 = 0.003; 𝜀𝑡 < 𝜀𝑦
. 𝜀𝑐 = 0.003; 𝜀𝑡 = 𝜀𝑦 𝑓𝑠 = 𝜀𝑡 𝐸𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑠 = 𝜀𝑡 𝐸𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 𝜀𝑦 = 𝑓𝑦/𝐸𝑠
“STEEL DOES NOT YIELD”
“STEEL YIELDS”
600(𝑑 − 𝑐)
𝑓𝑆 = 𝜀𝑡 𝐸𝑠 =
𝑐
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
BAGUIO: Upper Ground Floor, Pilando Center, Baguio City
Contact Number: (+93)956 2568509 (Manila), (032) 254-9967 (Cebu), (+63)939 5746940 (Baguio)
E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com

Review Module - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING - RCD-USD (SR Beams)

Ultimate Bending Moment

Steel Ratio
𝑀𝑈 = ∅𝑀𝑁
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥

Minimum Steel Ratio Variation of ∅ with net tensile strain in extreme tension
reinforcement, 𝜀𝑡
the bigger governs

1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦

0.25√𝑓𝑐′
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦

General Formula for steel ratio 𝜌

0.85𝑓𝑐′𝛽 𝑐
𝜌= ( )
𝑓𝑦 𝑑

0.85𝑓𝑐′𝛽 600
𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = ( )
𝑓𝑦 600 + 𝑓𝑦

𝛽 = 0.85 𝑖𝑓 𝑓𝑐′ ≤ 28𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.05
𝛽 = 0.85 − [𝑓𝑐 ′ − 28] ≥ 0.65 𝑖𝑓 𝑓𝑐′ > 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
7
PAST CE BOARD PROBLEMS:

Maximum Steel Ratio SITUATION:

A 12m simply supported beam is provided by an
0.85𝑓𝑐′𝛽 3 additional support at midspan. The beam has a width
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( )
𝑓𝑦 7 of b= 300mm and a total depthh = 450mm. It is
Based on 𝜀𝑡 = 0.004 reinforced with 4 – 25mm dia. at the tension side and
2 – 25mm dia. at the compression side with 70mm
cover to centroid of reinforcements. fc’ = 30 MPa,
Actual Steel Ratio fy = 415 MPa. Use NSCP 2015 PROVISIONS

1. Determine the depth of compression block.

𝑨𝒔
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 2. Determine the nominal bending moment.
𝒃𝒅
3. Determine the total factored uniform load including
the beam’s weight.
Nominal Bending Moment
𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑁 = 𝐶 (𝑑 − ) = 𝑇 (𝑑 − )
2 2

𝑎 = 𝛽𝑐

𝑎 = 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘

𝑐 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
BAGUIO: Upper Ground Floor, Pilando Center, Baguio City
Contact Number: (+93)956 2568509 (Manila), (032) 254-9967 (Cebu), (+63)939 5746940 (Baguio)
E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com

Review Module - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING - RCD-USD (SR Beams)

SITUATION: MAY 2022 EXAM SITUATION:

Beam section is b = 300mm, h = 450 mm. Effective
The beam shown has the following data: depth is 380 mm. Compressive strength of concrete
fc’ = 30 MPa, steel strength fy = 415 MPa. The beam
Beam: b x h = 350mm x 550mm is simply supported on a span of 5m and carries the
Slab thickness = 100mm following loads:
Reinforcement at the top of the beam: 3 – 28mm∅ Superimposed dead load = 16 kN/m
Reinforcement at the bottom of the beam: live load = 14 kN/m
5 – 28mm∅
Web reinforcement diameter = 12mm U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Clear concrete cover = 40mm
1.What is the maximum moment at ultimate condition?
fc’= 28 MPa
fy = 415 MPa 2. Find the number of 16mm dia. bars required if the
𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.0288 design moment at ultimate load is 200 kN-m.

The beam having a length of 12m is simply supported 3. Find the number of 16mm dia. bars required if the
at the left end at a point 3m from the right end of the ultimate concentrated load at the midspan is 50kN.
beam.

1. Determine the positive nominal moment

capacity of the beam.

2. Determine the negative nominal moment

capacity of the beam.

Additional question:
3. Determine the maximum uniform load that
the beam could support based on the positive
ultimate moment capacity.