Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science

Mathematics Department

SPECIAL
PARALLELOGRAM
(RECTANGLE)
Ms. Melinda G. Belarmino
Enhanced Mathematics 9
 Most Essential Learning Competency
• proves theorems on the different kinds of parallelogram
(rectangle, rhombus, square) (M9GE-IIIc-1)
Learning Objectives
• state the properties of a rectangle;
• use properties to find measures of angles, sides, and other quantities
involving special parallelogram (rectangle);
• prove that a given parallelogram is a rectangle using its properties and
of parallelogram; and
• solve the problems involving rectangle in real-life situations.
A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right
angles.
Properties of a Rectangle
1. Opposite sides are congruent and
parallel.
2. Opposite angles are congruent.
3. Any two consecutive angles are
supplementary.
4. Diagonals are congruent and bisect
each other.
5. All four angles are right angles.
Theorem: The diagonals of a
rectangle are equal.
Given: ABCD is a rectangle
Prove: 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷
Theorem: The diagonals of a rectangle
are equal.
Given: ABCD is a rectangle
Prove: 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle 1. Given
2. If a quadrilateral is a rectangle, then it
2. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram
is a parallelogram
3. 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐷𝐶, 𝐴𝐷 ∥ 𝐵𝐶 3. Definition of ∥gram
In rt. ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶, rt. ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷
4. 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶 4. Opposite sides of a ∥gram are equal.
5. 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 5. Reflexive Property
6. rt. ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶 ≅ rt. ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷 6. LL Theorem
7. 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷 7. CPCTE
Converse: If the diagonals of a
parallelogram are equal, then the
parallelogram is a rectangle.
Given: 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram,
where 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷
Prove: 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle
Converse: If the diagonals of a parallelogram are
equal, then the parallelogram is a rectangle.
Given: 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram, where 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐷
Prove: 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle
Proof:
Diagonals 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 bisect each other, so quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a
parallelogram. It follows that 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐷 and 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐶, then
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐵 by SSS Congruence Postulate. By CPCTC, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅
∠𝐷𝐶𝐵. Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary,
so 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐷𝐶𝐵 = 180°. By substitution, we have 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 +
𝑚∠𝐷𝐶𝐵 = 180°. Using this equation, we arrive at 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 =
90°. By theorem if an angle of a parallelogram is a right angle, then
the parallelogram is a rectangle; therefore, we conclude that
parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle.
Example 3
Determine whether or not parallelogram 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐾 is a
rectangle given that 𝑃 14, 5 , 𝐴 3, 4 , 𝑅(2, 15), and
𝐾(13, 16).
 Example 3
SOLUTION:
Method 1: Using slope formula, find out if consecutive
sides are perpendicular.
a. Slope of 𝑃𝐴
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 5−4 1 𝑃𝐴 ⊥ 𝐴𝑅; 𝐴𝑅 ⊥ 𝑅𝐾;
𝑚𝑃𝐴 = = =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 14 − 3 11 𝑅𝐾 ⊥ 𝑃𝐾; 𝑃𝐴 ⊥ 𝑃𝐾
b. Slope of 𝐴𝑅 since the product of
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 4 − 15
𝑚𝐴𝑅 =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
=
3−2
= −11 their slopes is negative
c. Slope of 𝑅𝐾 reciprocal.
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 5−4 1
𝑚𝑅𝐾 = = =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 14 − 3 11
d. Slope of 𝑃𝐾
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 4 − 15
𝑚𝑃𝐾 = = = −11
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 3−2
 Example 3
SOLUTION:
Method 2: Using distance formula, determine whether opposite
sides are congruent.
a. Distance of 𝑃𝐴
𝑃𝐴 = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 +(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 = (14 − 3)2 +(5 − 4)2
= (11)2 +(1)2 = 121 + 1 = 122 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 Since the
a. Distance of 𝐴𝑅 distances of
𝐴𝑅 = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 +(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 = (3 − 2)2 +(4 − 15)2
opposite sides
= (1)2 +(−11)2 = 1 + 121 = 122 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
a. Distance of 𝑅𝐾 are equal, then
𝑅𝐾 = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 +(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 = (14 − 3)2 +(5 − 4)2 they are
= (11)2 +(1)2 = 1 + 121 = 122 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 congruent.
a. Distance of 𝑃𝐾
𝑃𝐾 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2 = 3 − 2 2 + 4 − 15 2
= 1 2 + −11 2 = 1 + 121 = 122 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
 Example 3
SOLUTION:
Method 3: Using distance formula, find whether the length of the
diagonals is equal.
Distance of 𝑃𝑅
𝑃𝑅 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2 = 14 − 2 2 + 5 − 15 2
= 12 2 + −10 2 = 144 + 100 = 𝟐 𝟔𝟏 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
Distance of 𝐴𝐾
𝐴𝐾 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2 = 3 − 13 2 + 4 − 16 2
= −10 2 + −12 2 = 100 + 144 = 𝟐 𝟔𝟏 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Since, 𝑷𝑹 = 𝑨𝑲 = 𝟐 𝟔𝟏 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔; therefore, the diagonals are

equal. Parallelogram PARK is a rectangle since consecutive
sides are perpendicular to each other, opposite sides are
congruent, and its diagonals are also congruent.
PICK’S THEOREM
It is used to find the area of any polygon formed
on a unit-based grid of points. It states that
𝟏
𝑨= 𝒃+𝒊−𝟏
𝟐
where 𝑏 is the number of points on the border of the
polygon, and 𝑖 is the number of points in the interior of
the polygon.
SHOELACE METHOD
It is used to find the area of any polygon given
the coordinates of its vertices.