The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

Senior High School Department

Assessing the Public Speaking Proficiency of Grade 11-STEM Students at

the Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High School Department
The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research I

By

Dimaculangan,Emmanuel Josh N.

Navallo, John Royd M.

Ferranco, Isabela Grace P.

Lacerna, Alliyah Faye Q.

Terania, Ashlyn Kaye D.

Fatima B. Benjamin, LPT

2024

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

English has emerged as the universal language of the modern world as it

connects us to people around the globe. It facilitates the easier exchange of

ideas and information between people from different cultures. English is vital to

understanding as it is the primary language used in school. Also, it is considered

a vital language for many job applications, and proficiency is a prerequisite for

employment (Abdullah, 2010, pp. 1-2), demonstrating the importance of knowing

the language for a successful career. Day-to-day interactions in social, business,

and governmental spheres, as well as the media, all employ this terminology.

Global collaboration is being propelled by this language, which facilitates

communication across cultural boundaries.

Communication between humans is a diverse phenomenon, as suggested by

(Harmer and KHAN, 1991). Interacting with others, conveying the various

thoughts running through their minds, and speaking are essential abilities that

people use every day. This is because individuals who gain a specific type of

language are commonly identified as speakers of that particular language (Ur,

1996). The speaker is commonly known as the source of information. Speaking

involves learning about one's strengths and weaknesses and how to effectively

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

use them, which should be competent enough for speakers to communicate

effectively in front of other people.

The most crucial part of learning a second or foreign language is developing

the speaking skills needed; the capacity to converse in the target language is the

criterion for success (Nunan, 1995). One of the most crucial abilities to hone to

communicate effectively is speaking since it is generated by an organized verbal

expression used to transmit meaning, including speech, dialogue, and brief

conversations. Speaking is a skill that should be highlighted in both first and

second languages. Speaking is an entirely effortless skill that can be learned;

speaking in a language other than our own is anything but simple to do (Linse &

Nunan, 2006, p. 48).

Public speaking is when a speaker delivers a speech to inspire an audience,

maintain their interest, and sway their opinions and sentiments. Speakers give

public speeches for various purposes, including inspiring, telling a story, and

sharing their experiences. Furthermore, verbal and nonverbal cues are used to

build trust and rapport between people who are conversing. These cues clarify

words and express emotions, allowing interpreters to respond quickly to the

relayed message and resulting in a deeper and more efficient interaction.

Leadership, business and politics, and mass communication are some fields that

require public speaking.

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

The primary objective of English language instruction is to provide learners

with the competence to utilize the English language when interacting (Davies &

Pearse,2000) effectively and accurately. Nevertheless, learners of a new

language cannot communicate clearly and successfully because they need more

knowledge. Speaking is a need not only to express or convey information but

also to move forward from intimate conversations to global discourse; effective

speaking bridges linguistic and cultural divides, nurturing harmony in diverse

communities. Regrettably, educational institutions excessively focus on

improving grammar, disregarding the importance of honing oral communication

skills.

Learning a particular language requires significant hard work and practice for

students to become proficient speakers. Learning the language requires the

same amount of hard work if the language is complex. This results in effective

communication in daily life, where students must be proficient in both their

mother tongue and a global language. This allows people to easily convey their

ideas, opinions, and thoughts in the classroom and compete confidently locally

and internationally. Learning a relevant language aims to prepare students for

the future workforce by giving them excellent critical thinking skills for excellent

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

communication. As Bygate (2009) asserts, students must have a solid command

of grammar and vocabulary and produce and adapt them to the circumstances.

Most students fail to articulate their thoughts efficiently despite the

curriculum's focus on holistic education, and students are hindered in their

academic growth. Different cultural beliefs exacerbate this problem, and it varies

in levels of public exposure when seeking opportunities (Baker & Westrup, 2003).

Although some students are proficient in English, others need more guidance

and encouragement to develop English proficiency when they are still kids.

Numerous language learners express their prolonged investment of time in

studying English yet lament their inability to communicate effectively and

comprehensively (Bueno, n.d.). To bridge this gap and devise solutions,

educators or people with knowledge must dive deeper into the root causes of this

challenge.

This study is based on the observed significance of practical

communication skills (Baker & Westrup, 2003). This study aligns with the

institution's commitment to holistic learning and the purpose addressing a

specific area of need. It also aims to assess the public speaking skills of grade 11

stem students. Hopefully, after this assessment, the required adjustments may

be made to guarantee each student's successful development. The researchers

want to increase students' understanding of the importance of public speaking

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

and provide them with opportunities to participate in activities that will build and

enhance their public speaking confidence for their successful development.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the public speaking proficiency of Grade 11-

STEM students of The Mabini Academy. Specifically, it seeks answer to:

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender; and

1.3 public speaking experience?

2. How do the respondents assess their proficiency in public speaking?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of Grade 11-STEM

students of The Mabini Academy and their public speaking proficiency?

4. What course of action may be prepared to enhance the respondents’

public speaking proficiency?

Hypothesis

The researchers used the hypothesis in its null form:

There is no significant relationship between the respondents’ profile

and their public speaking proficiency.

Conceptual Framework

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

The results of this research will tell if the TMA students are proficient in public

speaking proficiency, specifically among the grade 11 students. The System

Approach Framework was used in this study which contains Input-Process-Output.

Input Process Output

Profile of the
respondents
1. Gender;
2. Age and;
Programs to
3. Public
Survey/Interview strengthen and
speaking
evaluate the
experience
confidence of
grade 11-
Assessing the
Assessment of STEM students
Public
Public Speaking at The Mabini
Speaking
Proficiency of Academy in
Proficiency of
Grade -11 STEM terms of public
Grade 11-
students. speaking
STEM
profiency.
Students at the
Mabini
Academy of
Lipa, Batangas

Figure 1

Research Paradigm

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

The figure above displays the conceptual framework of the research -the

input, the process undergone, and the output of the study. The research

paradigm pertains to the following sectors:

The input which includes the study's topic and the attributes or

variables that will influence its conclusion;

The process that comprehends to the analysis used by the

researchers to analyze the issue at hand;

The output that demonstrates how the institution's results are

implied.

Theoretical Framework

The researchers found that Abella and Cutamora’s (2019) findings

regarding how to assess public speaking proficiency, particularly among grade

11 students of Mabini Academy for the school year 2023 – 2024, are essential in

guiding them in their own research.

Consciousness

Public Speaking
Commitment Consistency
Skills

Challenge

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

The researchers found a theory named the Four C's in Public Speaking

Theory, developed by Rongie C. Abella and Jezyl C. Cutamora (2019), which

expounded the stages of how one individual can develop and elevate their

public speaking skills with the help of the four C’s for one to transform from a

novice public speaker to an expert public speaker. The Four C's in the said

theory stands for Commitment, Consciousness, Consistency, and Challenge.

Regarding development of public speaking skills, one must first have the

determination and motivation to do so. More importantly, the Four C’s in

Public Speaking Theory is connected to a theory named the Self-

Determination Theory (SDT). The Self-Determination Theory is a theory of

human motivation, development, and wellness (Deci & Ryan, 2008). The said

theory clarifies that motivation is needed for an individual to grow and achieve

something. (Miller & Stone, 2009). Therefore, individuals who engage in

educational organizations focusing on public speaking have the motivation

needed to improve their competence, which will eventually influence

necessary outcomes in their personal and professional endeavors. This skill

is essential to improve the societal self-confidence of a speaker (Abella &

Cutamora, 2019). Abella and Cutamora's study will serve as the framework

that will help the researchers assess the public speaking proficiency of

students, particularly among grade 11 students of the Mabini Academy.

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

Scope and Delimitation

The study aims to determine the primary obstacles to Grade 11

students' public speaking proficiency and assess the long-term benefits of public

speaking proficiency on students' academic performance at The Mabini Academy

of Lipa, Batangas. The study will be guided by the conceptual framework. The

study's expected respondents are Grade 11 students from Batch 2024–2025. It is

therefore highlighted that any extra respondents' own coping strategies and

techniques beyond the study's specified timeframe are considered valid,

acceptable, and reliable.

Significance of the Study

Public speaking proficiency is multifaceted. Strengthened communication

skills, particularly in public speaking, are very essential in terms of success

across various job roles and industries. Through public speaking, individuals are

able to convey ideas, establish credibility, and build confidence in diverse social

and professional contexts. Effective communication strategies are critical to the

students for future personal and professional success. Through this study,

solutions are provided to address issues regarding students’ public speaking

proficiency. By studying how public speaking can be improved and enhanced,

this study would be beneficial to the following sectors: (1) the school (The Mabini

Academy), (2) teachers, (3) learners, and (4) future researchers.

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

To the Mabini Academy, the study will provide insights into improving

current public speaking training programs and activities, helping to enhance

students' public speaking proficiency. The study will enable the school to elevate

tailored interventions and projects that can improve students' public speaking

skills. The study may also provide recommendations that can guide the policy-

makers and decision-makers at the Mabini Academy on how to implement

effective strategies that will surely improve students' public speaking skills.

To the teachers, the study will influence their teaching practices by

integrating tailored interventions and projects to help their students enhance their

public speaking skills. This study will provide teachers with insights that will

enable them to implement day-to-day practices that will help nurture and develop

the public speaking proficiency of their students.

To the learners, the study will give them insights into how they can

improve their public speaking skills just by themselves. The learners can assess

their public speaking to tell whether they are proficient or not. Through the study,

the learners will find solutions to the problems in their public speaking that will

enable them to communicate effectively and improve their self-esteem and

confidence.

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

To future researchers, the study will serve as a reference point for

their pursuits and studies regarding the public speaking proficiency of students

which can be used as a basis for comparison. The study can give insights and

contribute to the body of knowledge about effective public speaking assessment

and improvement strategies. The study will allow future researchers to expand

their understanding of public speaking proficiency and continue to explore more,

contributing as well to the body of existing knowledge.

Definition of Terms

For clearer understanding of the study, some of the unfamiliar words were

defined conceptually.

STEM. According to Ben Lutkevich (2022),it is a curriculum that was

created to educate elementary and secondary school students for postsecondary

education, graduate school, and jobs in the fields of science, technology,

engineering, and mathematics. Inquiring minds, logical reasoning, and teamwork

are among the other abilities it seeks to foster.

Public Speaking. According to Chris Miller in his book entitled "Exploring

Communication in the Real World" (2020), is an organized, intentional, and

purposeful attempt to inform, amuse, or convince a group of five or more people

through spoken words, body language, and sometimes visual or audio support is

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

known as a public speaking engagement. Furthermore, the speaker is given

whole attention for a set amount of time.

Proficiency. According to Renaissance Learning site (2024), is the official

proof that every student has attained the minimum level of knowledge and skill

established by benchmarks.

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books
Harmer, J., & Khan, S. (1991). The Practice Of English Language

Teaching With Dvd. A

Tesol Publication Of English Australia Pty Ltd, 24(1), 85.

Davies, P., & Pearse, E. (2000). Success in English Teaching. Oxford

University Press.

Nunan, D. (1995). Language Teaching Methodology: A Textbook for

Teachers. NY: Phoenix Ltd., p. 593.

Baker, J., & Westrup, H. (2003). Essential Speaking Skills: A Handbook

for English Language Teachers. London:

Continuum.

Baker, J., & Westrup, H. (2003). Essential Speaking Skills: A Handbook

for English Language Teachers. London:Continuum.

Articles in Periodicals

Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching. Practice and Theory.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

Alterio, M. (2008). Using storytelling to Enhance Student Learning. The Higher

Education Academy,28(3),232–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.05.001

Research Studies

Irwan, Deni Asrida, Novria Fadli: Contributing Factors to The Students’

Speaking..(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334658198)

Online Sources

Public Speaking Tips - Learn How to Become an Effective Speaker

1.3 The Process of Public Speaking – Introduction to Speech

Communication

Team, C. (2024, January 23). Public Speaking. Corporate Finance

Institute.

Walker, M., Linsenmeyer, M., Hollingsworth, S. E., Hanrahan, S., &

Elwood, T. (2021, August 15). 1.3 The Process of Public Speaking. Pressbooks.

Research Studies

Abdullah, Khairi Izwan & Abdul Rahman, Nurul Lina. 2010. "A Study on Second

Language Speaking Anxiety among UTM Students." Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia Institutional Repository 22 September 2010: 1-6. Web. 22 November

2011.

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com
 The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas
Senior High School Department

Basa, I. M., Asrida, D., & Fadli, N. (2018, January 14). CONTRIBUTING

FACTORS TO THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY. Langkawi: Journal of the

Association for Arabic and English,

The Mabini Academy of Lipa, Batangas

T.M. Kalaw St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Telephone Number: 741-2659
mabiniacademy1922@gmail.com