Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Germanisher Lloyd II-1-4 e
Germanisher Lloyd II-1-4 e
4 Equipment
Edition 2009
The following Rules come into force on April 1st, 2009
Alterations to the preceding Edition are marked by beams at the text margin.
Head Office
Vorsetzen 35, 20459 Hamburg, Germany
Phone: +49 40 36149-0
Fax: +49 40 36149-200
headoffice@gl-group.com
www.gl-group.com
"General Terms and Conditions" of the respective latest edition will be applicable
(see Rules for Classification and Construction, I - Ship Technology, Part 0 - Classification and Surveys).
Table of Contents
Section 1 Anchors
A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 1- 1
B. Design and Tests ........................................................................................................................ 1- 1
C. Materials for Anchors and Anchor Components ........................................................................ 1- 1
D. Testing of Materials ................................................................................................................... 1- 1
E. Characteristics of the Anchors .................................................................................................... 1- 2
F. Testing of Anchors ..................................................................................................................... 1- 2
G. Marking ...................................................................................................................................... 1- 4
H. Repair and Testing of Damaged Anchors ................................................................................... 1- 4
Section 1
Anchors
indicating the chemical composition, the heat treat- If no other requirements regarding quality have been
ment condition or the condition on delivery, the heat agreed between the orderer and manufacturer, quality
number and the results of the mechanical tests per- level 2 according to EN 12454 is applicable for the
formed on the components. visual inspection and quality levels SM2, LM2 and
AM2 according to EN 1369 are applicable for the
2. All cast steel parts shall be subjected, in the magnetic particle test.
presence of the Surveyor, to a material test as set out
in Chapter 2 – Steel and Iron Materials, Section 4, B. 2.2 Any defects and/or cracks are to be removed
Special requirements apply to SHHP anchors, for by grinding or welding according to Chapter 2 – Steel
which the notched bar impact test performed on and Iron Materials, Section 4, A.13. In any case the
Charpy V-notch specimens is to be carried out at a test repaired areas have to be retested prior to the load test
temperature of 0 °C. An impact energy of at least 27 J according to 2.1.
is to be proven.
2.3 In addition ultrasonic tests have to be carried
out with HHP and VHHP anchors in way of cut risers
3. Contrary to Chapter 2 – Steel and Iron Mate- and gating systems and in way of repair welding. On
rials, Section 4, A.10.2.3 the dimensions of integrally this quality requirements according to EN 12680-1
cast specimens is to be adjusted to the determining have to be agreed between orderer and manufacturer
wall thickness as described in the following. considering geometric conditions. If not otherwise
agreed, quality level 2 applies.
4. On anchor shanks and palms two integrally
cast specimens each are to be provided, having a 2.4 Weld seams of anchors of welded construc-
width of 1/4 t, max. 100 mm and 250 mm length, tion have to be tested according to Part 3 – Welding, if
where t is the anchor shank or palm root cross section. not otherwise agreed between orderer and manufac-
turer.
5. If anchors are made from forged parts, these Highly stressed weld seams of HHP and VHHP an-
are to be subjected to a material test in the presence of chors have to be tested according to the requirements
the Surveyor according to Chapter 2 – Steel and Iron for weld seam grade 1, those of other anchor types
Materials, Section 3.B. according to weld seam grade 2.
3. Load test
E. Characteristics of the Anchors
3.1 Anchors with a total weight (including the
1. All anchors shall be free from defects liable stock) of 75 kg and over are to be subjected in the
to impair their function, e.g. cracks, major casting and presence of a Surveyor to a load test at the appropriate
forging defects and improperly executed welds. loads shown in Table 1.1 using a calibrated testing
machine approved by GL.
2. After testing at the test load specified in F. 3.2 In the case of large anchors weighing
anchors may not reveal any permanent deformations. 15000 kg and over, other tests may be substituted for
In addition, in the case of anchors of composite con- the load tests, if the available testing machine is inca-
struction, the freedom of movement of the arms over pable of producing the specified test load. The nature
the whole angle of deflection shall be preserved fol- of these tests is to be agreed with GL.
lowing the test, and no excessive changes may be
caused by deformation of the bearings. 3.3 The test load shall be applied at a point on the
arm or palm which, measured from the point of the
palm, is located at one third of the distance from the
F. Testing of Anchors point of the palm to the centre of the anchor crown.
With stockless anchors, both arms are to be tested
simultaneously in both end positions. In the case of
1. Condition in which tested stocked anchors, the test load is to be applied alter-
Anchors are to be submitted for testing in the fully nately to each arm.
assembled condition and may not be coated with paint
or preservatives. 3.4 The following anchor weights are to be ap-
plied in establishing the test loads in accordance with
Table 1.1:
2. Non-destructive tests
– stockless anchors: the total weight
2.1 Before the load test all anchors are to be – stocked anchors: the weight without the stock
visually inspected by the manufacturer as well as
tested for surface defects and cracks in highly stressed – anchors with high holding power (HHP):
areas of the palms by means of magnetic particle test. a weight equal to 1.33 times the actual weight
II - Part 1 Section 1 F Anchors Chapter 4
GL 2009 Page 1–3
2/3
according to 2. as well as surface crack testing. In case
of anchors of composite construction the freedom of Area intended for
movement of the arms is to be demonstrated. stamping on the right
1/3
palm
G. Marking
Line of sight
1. Anchors which have fulfilled the test condi- Fig. 1.1 Marking of anchors
tions are to be marked by the manufacturer as follows:
– manufacturer's symbol
– anchor shackle number, where necessary palm
– number of the GL test certificate marking
Section 2
A. Anchor Chain Cables and Accessories method of manufacture, method of deoxidation, nomi-
nal chemical composition, method of heat treatment
1. General rules and mechanical properties.
1.3 Approval of chain cable manufacturers Rolled steel bars are to be supplied with a certificate
of the manufacturer about the chemical composition of
1.3.1 Anchor chain cables and accessories may each heat.
only be manufactured by works approved by GL. The chemical composition of the steels shall conform
to the data in Table 2.1.
1.3.2 For non-standard accessories, the drawings
shall be submitted to GL for approval.
2.3.4 Testing of mechanical properties
2. Chain cable materials The mechanical tests shall be performed at the chain
cable manufacturer's premises.
2.1 Scope At the request of the chain cable manufacturer, the
These Rules are applicable to rolled steels, forgings mechanical testing of the steel bars may be carried out
and cast steels for the manufacture of anchor chain at the rolling mill; the test sections shall be in a heat-
cables and accessories. treated condition corresponding to that of the finished
chain cable. In this case, the requirements specified in
Table 2.1 shall be met.
2.2 Requirements to be met by material manu-
facturers
2.3.5 Dimensional tolerances of rolled steels
2.2.1 All materials for the manufacture of anchor The diameter and oval shape of rolled steels shall lie
chain cables and accessories may only be supplied by within the permitted dimensional tolerances shown in
manufacturers approved by GL. Approval tests shall Table 2.3.
be conducted for this purpose.
2.3.6 External and internal condition
2.2.2 The manufacturers of the materials or the
anchor chain cables shall submit to GL specifications The material shall be free from internal and surface
of the materials to be used. defects which have more than an insignificant adverse
effect on their proper working and use. Surface defects
2.2.3 The material specification shall contain all may be removed by grinding provided that the permit-
the information required for its evaluation, such as the ted tolerances are not exceeded.
Chapter 4 Section 2 A Chain Cables and Accessories II - Part 1
Page 2–2 GL 2009
Table 2.3 Permitted tolerances applicable to the diameter and oval shapes of rolled chain cable steel
2.3.7 Identification of the material unsatisfactory test. The specimens for the retests shall
be taken from other samples of the same unit test
The manufacturer shall have an identification system quantity which were not the source of the test sections
which enables the material to be traced back to its used for the first test. The unit test quantity is deemed
manufacture. to be accepted if both new specimens or sets of speci-
mens have satisfied the requirements in the retest.
2.3.8 Testing
If the unsatisfactory test result is attributable to inade-
2.3.8.1 For the mechanical tests, the steel bars shall quate heat treatment, a fresh test section may be taken
be sorted into heats and sizes and grouped into test from the same sample and heat-treated again. In this
batches weighing 50 t max. One test section shall be case the entire testing (tensile and impact tests) shall
taken from each test batch for the tests stated in be repeated, the first result being disregarded.
2.3.8.3 and 2.3.8.4.
Before the test specimens are prepared, the test sec- 2.3.9 Marking
tions shall be subjected to the heat treatment intended The steels shall be marked, as a minimum require-
for the finished chain cable, see Table 2.4. The details ment, with the manufacturer's symbol, the grade and
of the heat treatment shall be established by the manu- an abbreviated designation for the heat. Steel bars up
facturer. to 40 mm in diameter which are collected into bundles
2.3.8.2 Tensile and notched bar impact test speci- may be marked by means of a permanently attached
mens shall be taken from the test section in the longi- tag.
tudinal direction in such a way that the longitudinal
axis is located at a distance of 1/6 of the diameter from 2.3.10 Works acceptance certificate
the surface, see Fig. 2.1. For each delivery, the manufacturer shall give the
Surveyor a certificate containing, as a minimum re-
Specimens for notched quirement, the following data:
bar impact test
– job and/or order no.
– quantity, dimensions and weight of delivery
d/6
– grade of steel
– heat number
d – method of manufacture
– chemical analysis
– details of heat treatment of test section (where
d/6
applicable)
Tensile test – results of mechanical testing (where applicable)
specimen
– test specimen numbers (where applicable)
Fig. 2.1 Location of specimens in chain cable steel
2.4 Forged steel
2.3.8.3 For tensile testing, one specimen shall be
2.4.1 General requirements
taken from each test batch and tested in accordance
with Chapter 1 – Principles and Test Procedures, Sec- Forgings intended for the manufacture of chain cables
tion 2, D. and accessories shall satisfy the requirements specified
in Chapter 2 – Steel and Iron Materials, Section 3, B.,
2.3.8.4 The notched bar impact test on steel bars of unless otherwise prescribed below.
grade GL-K3 and, if necessary, grade GL-K2 shall be
performed in accordance with Chapter 1 – Principles 2.4.2 Chemical composition
and Test Procedures, Section 2, E. For this purpose,
one set of 3 Charpy V-notch specimens is to be taken The chemical composition shall correspond to a
from each test batch and tested at the temperature specification approved by GL. The steel manufacturer
specified in Table 2.2. The notch shall be located shall determine and certify the composition of every
radially in the bar. heat.
2.3.8.5 The surface finish and dimensions of all 2.4.3 Condition of supply
products shall be checked by the manufacturer.
The starting material may be supplied in either rolled
2.3.8.6 If specimens subjected to tensile or impact or forged condition. Finished forgings shall be prop-
testing fail to meet the requirements, two new speci- erly heat-treated, i.e. normalized, normalized and
mens or sets of specimens shall be tested for each tempered or quenched and tempered.
Chapter 4 Section 2 A Chain Cables and Accessories II - Part 1
Page 2–4 GL 2009
4. Testing of finished chain cables facturer the remaining three lengths belonging to the
test batch may then be individually subjected to test at
4.1 Tests at proof and breaking loads the breaking load. If one such test fails to meet the
requirements, the entire test batch of 4 lengths shall be
4.1.1 All chain cables are to be subjected to the rejected.
following tests in the presence of the Surveyor. For
this purpose, the chain cables shall be free from paint 4.2.3 If a proof load test fails, the defective links
and anti-corrosion media. The test pieces shall not are to be replaced; localized heat treatment of the new
break and shall be free from cracks after testing. links shall then be carried out and the proof load test
repeated. In addition, the causes of the failure are to be
4.1.2 Each chain cable length (27,5 m) is to be determined.
subjected to a loading test at the proof load appropri-
ate to the particular chain cable as shown in Table 2.7, 4.3 Testing of mechanical and technological
using an approved testing machine. properties of GL-K2 and GL-K3 chain ca-
bles
4.1.3 Sample links comprising three links in the
quantity specified in Table 2.5 are to be taken from the 4.3.1 For GL-K3 and, where necessary, for GL-K2
chain cables. These are to be tested for at least 30 s at chain cables, one tensile test specimen and one set of 3
the breaking loads shown in Table 2.7. The links con- Charpy V-notch specimens shall be taken from every
cerned shall be made in a single manufacturing cycle fourth length of chain cable and tested. The specimens
together with the chain cable and shall be welded and are to be taken from the parent metal on the side of the
heat treated together with it. Only then may they be link opposite the weld, see also Table 2.5.
separated from the chain cable in the presence of the
Surveyor. In addition, one set of Charpy V-notch specimens with
the notch located in the weld shall be taken from GL-
4.1.4 If the tensile loading capacity of the testing K3 chains and non-heat-treated GL-K2 chains and
machine is insufficient to apply the breaking load for tested.
chain cables of large diameter, another equivalent
testing method shall be agreed with GL. 4.3.2 For preparing the test specimens, an addi-
tional link (or, where the chains are small, several
4.2 Retests additional links) shall be provided in a length of chain
cable which is not used to supply a specimen for the
4.2.1 Should a breaking load test fail, a further test breaking load test. The sample shall be manufactured
specimen may be taken from the same length of chain and heat-treated together with the length of chain
cable and tested. The test shall be considered success- cable.
ful if the requirements are then satisfied.
4.3.3 The mechanical properties and the impact
4.2.2 If the retest fails, the length of chain cable energy shall meet the requirements shown in Table
concerned shall be rejected. On request of the manu- 2.6.
Table 2.5 Scope of mechanical and technological testing of finished chain cables
Weld area
Notched bar impact energy
5. Marking swivels, swivel shackles, large links and end links, and
from each manufacturing batch of 50 units or less of
Chain cables which have met the requirements shall kenter shackles, one unit is to be subjected to the
be stamped on both end links of each length of chain breaking load test. Parts tested in this way may not be
cable with the following identifying marks, see Fig. put to further use.
2.3:
– grade of chain cable 6.2.2 In the case of swivels and swivel and anchor
shackles, GL may waive the breaking load test if:
– test certificate number
– The breaking load has been demonstrated on the
– surveyor's stamp
occasion of the approval testing of parts of the
– month and year of test same design;
– The parts are subjected to suitable non-
Test certificate no. destructive testing.
6.4.1 Dimensions for chain links, swivels and shackles (Figs. 2.4 to 2.10)
Note:
All dimensions are given as a factor of the nominal diameter d of the standard link:
» 3,6 »4
1,1
d
4,4
6,6
4
1,
1,
43
3
» 4,2
» 1,52
4
»1
67
0,
,83
»
» 1,2
1
» 4,35
» 6,75
(4,6)
6
(7)
Note:
The dimensions in brackets may be chosen for studless links in fore runners.
II - Part 1 Section 2 A Chain Cables and Accessories Chapter 4
GL 2009 Page 2–9
» 1,3
» 3,4
» 7,1
0,6
»
» 0,4 ø
» 0,8 » 1,6
»0
2,8 ,5 » 0,2 » 1,3
» 5,2
» 1,4
» 4,6
» 8,7
» 0,4 ø
» 0,9 » 1,8
» 0,2 » 1,4
» 1,4
» 3,1
4,7
3,4 2ø
1,2
The dimensions
3,35
in brackets ( )
1,4
1,75
9,7
(3,2)
3,1
1,1
1,25
(1,45)
Note:
All dimensions are given as a factor of the nominal diameter d of the standard link.
Chapter 4 Section 2 A Chain Cables and Accessories II - Part 1
Page 2–10 GL 2009
Table 2.7 Proof and breaking loads for stud link chain cables
Table 2.7 Proof and breaking loads for stud link chain cables (continued)
B. Chafing Chains for Emergency Towing 4.2 The arrangement at the end connected to the
Arrangements strongpoint and the dimensions of the chafing chain are
determined by the type of emergency towing arrange-
1. Scope ment. The other end of the chafing chain is to be fitted
with a pear-shaped open link allowing connection to a
These requirements apply to the chafing chains for shackle corresponding to the type of emergency towing
chafing gear of two types of emergency towing ar- arrangement and chain cable grade. A typical arrange-
rangements with specified working load of 1000 kN ment of this chain end is shown in Fig. 2.11.
(ETA 1000) and 2000 kN (ETA 2000).
The common link is to be of stud link type grade GL-
Chafing chains other than those specified here can be K2 or GL-K3.
used subject to special agreement with GL.
The chafing chain is to be able to withstand a breaking
2. Approval of manufacturing load not less than twice the working load.
The chafing chain is to be manufactured by works For each type of emergency towing arrangement, the
approved by GL. nominal diameter of common link for chafing chains
is to comply with the value indicated in Table 2.8
3. Materials
The materials used for the manufacture of the chafing Table 2.8 Nominal diameter of common link
chain are to satisfy the requirements according to B.
Nominal diameter of
Type of ETA common link, d min.
4. Design, manufacture, testing and certifica-
tion of chafing chain grade 2 grade 3
4.1 The chafing chain is to be designed, manu- ETA 1000 62 mm 52 mm
factured, tested and certified in accordance with the
ETA 2000 90 mm 76 mm
requirements A.3. to A.6.
Chapter 4 Section 2 B Chain Cables and Accessories II - Part 1
Page 2–12 GL 2009
Studless
end link
Common links Enlarged
(diameter = d) link Pear shaped
open link
d
2
2
Towards
2.
d
d
towing pennant
1.2 d
1.1 d
1.2 d
5.75 d
approx.
Section 3
Wire Ropes
C. Manufacture
E. Testing of Wire Ropes
1. The ropes shall conform to recognized na-
tional 1 or international standards 2, and should, wher- The following tests are to be performed:
ever possible, comply with Table 3.1. Ropes of a dif-
ferent construction and ropes with high nominal
1. Testing the zinc coating
Structure of rope
Nominal
Use Number Construction breaking Galvanizing
Number of of wires Type of rope core of strands strength method
strands per strand [N/mm2]
1570
6 7 1 fibre or fully
Standing rigging standard and
6 19 1 steel core galvanized
1770
6 19
1 fibre core
6 37
Hawers standard
(towlines, 6 24 (7fibre cores) Seale or 1570 fully
mooring lines) Warrington. galvanized
6 19 Warrington-
1steel core
6 36 Seale
6 36 Warrington-
1 fibre or Seale 1570
Running rigging steel core
normally
6 37 standard and
galvanized
6 24 7 fibre cores standard 1770
1 This rope may also be used as a single reeved span rope not moved under load.
Table 3.2 Positive tolerances for nominal break- Table 3.3 Zinc coatings
ing strengths
Nominal wire diameter Limiting deviations Nominal wire Minimum mass per unit
d [mm] [N/mm2] diameter area of zinc coating
d [mm] [g/m2] for type
0,20 up to < 0,50 + 390 normally fully
0,50 up to < 1,00 + 350 galvanized galvanized
1,00 up to < 1,50 + 320 0,2 up to < 0,25 15 –
1,50 up to < 2,00 + 290 0,25 up to < 0,4 20 –
2,00 up to ≤ 6,00 + 260 0,4 up to < 0,5 30 75
0,5 up to < 0,6 40 90
weight loss of the stripped wires according to a recog- 0,6 up to < 0,7 50 110
nized method, e.g. in accordance with DIN 51213. 0,7 up to < 0,8 60 120
Wires of the various diameters shall be removed from 0,8 up to < 1,0 70 130
the rope for this purpose. 1,0 up to < 1,2 80 150
GL reserve the right to repeat this test in case of doubt. 1,2 up to < 1,5 90 165
1,5 up to < 1,9 100 180
1.2 The adhesion of the zinc coating shall be 1,9 up to < 2,5 110 205
verified by the winding test, e.g. to DIN 51215. For 2,5 up to < 3,2 125 230
this purpose, the wires shall be wound as follows on to
a test mandrel of the diameter specified in Table 3.4 so 3,2 up to < 3,7 135 250
as to form at least 10 adjacent turns. 3,7 up to < 4,0 135 260
4,0 up to < 4,5 150 270
The zinc coating shall continue to adhere firmly to the
substrate after winding. At least 5 wires of each size 4,5 up to < 5,5 165 280
shall be tested. 5,5 up to ≤ 6,0 180 280
II - Part 1 Section 3 G Wire Ropes Chapter 4
GL 2009 Page 3–3
3.1 From every manufactured length of rope up 2. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in
to 10000 m a test sample is to be tensile tested in its 1., the test is to be performed in the presence of the
entirety to destruction. The test length shall be equal Surveyor in the case of wire ropes of special construc-
to 30 times the diameter of the rope, subject to a tion in accordance with C.1., or if the company con-
minimum of 600 mm. The minimum breaking load cerned has not been approved for independent testing,
shall achieve the value specified for the rope in ques- or if the purchaser has expressed a wish to this effect.
tion in the standard. In the case of manufactured
lengths of more than 10000 m, a second test sample is
to be taken and tested.
G. Marking
3.2 Where the tensile loading capacity of the
testing machine is insufficient to test the rope in its 1. Wire ropes are to be provided with worked-in
entirety, the breaking load of the rope shall be deter- coloured threads as follows for the purpose of distin-
mined from the results of tests performed on the indi- guishing the nominal strength of the wires:
vidual wires. For this purpose a strand is to be taken
from every manufactured length of rope of 5000 m or Nominal strength 1570 N/mm2: white
less, and its constituent wires shall be individually
Nominal strength 1770 N/mm2: green
subjected to the tensile test, e.g. to EN 12385. The
wire test specimens shall have an initial measured Nominal strength 1960 N/mm2: yellow
length of 100 or 200 mm. The tensile strength is de-
termined on the basis of the nominal wire diameter. For special rope constructions in accordance with
C.1., the colour of the distinguishing thread shall be
The test shall be deemed successful if at least 95 % of specially designated.
the rope wires meet the requirements stated in D.1.
and the calculated breaking load achieves the values 2. A tape shall also be worked into the ropes
specified in the relevant standard. For this purpose, the bearing the manufacturer's name and, in the case of
individual test values are to be applied to the total companies approved by GL for independent testing,
number of wires in the rope and multiplied by the the identification number allocated by GL.
realization factor shown in Table 3.5.
The coloured distinguishing thread may be dispensed
4. Dimensional check with if the tape designating the company is of the
colour specified in 1.
The diameter of each rope is to be measured at two
points located at least 1 m apart in two directions Ropes which have been tested in the presence of the
approximately perpendicular to each other. The differ- Surveyor are also (to) be marked with a seal bearing
ence between the smallest and the largest result may the GL stamp:
not be more than 4 %.
II - Part 1 Section 4 E Fibre Ropes Chapter 4
GL 2009 Page 4–1
Section 4
Fibre Ropes
2. Sampling
C. Manufacture For the purpose of sampling, ropes of the same con-
struction, the same material and the same nominal
1. The type, material and structure of the ropes diameter which have been manufactured in an uninter-
shall conform to a national or international standard rupted production run are to be grouped into test
recognized by GL and should, wherever possible,
comply with Table 4.1. Ropes of a different type may
be approved on application provided that they are ––––––––––––––
suitable for the proposed application. 1 See EN 919, and ISO 2307.
Chapter 4 Section 4 E Fibre Ropes II - Part 1
Page 4–2 GL 2009
lengths. The following number of test sections meas- half the numerical value of the rope diameter in mm,
uring about 2500 mm in length shall be taken from the and these shall be subjected to a tensile test.
test lengths:
In taking the test specimens, attention shall be paid to
– test lengths up to 2200 m (or 10 ropes up to the following:
220 m long):
The yarns shall be taken evenly from the outside,
– 1 test section middle and inside positions of the strands of the rope.
– excess test lengths up to 30000 m: When taking the yarns, care is to be taken not to alter
– 1 additional test section per 5500 m the twist of the yarns.
– excess test lengths over 30000 m: 4.2 The yarns shall be tested individually by the
– 1 additional test section per 11000 m tensile test in accordance with ISO 2062.
4. Calculation of the breaking load of rope 6. When required by the purchaser, and in the
case of all companies which have not been approved
4.1 In order to determine the breaking load by for the independent performance of tests, the breaking
calculation, a number of yarns shall be taken from the load is to be tested in the presence of a Surveyor who
test sections specified in 2. which shall be equal to will certify the results.
II - Part 1 Section 4 G Fibre Ropes Chapter 4
GL 2009 Page 4–3
A B C A A A
44 –– –– –– 0,68 –– ––
48 –– –– –– 0,68 0,51 0,82
52 –– –– –– 0,68 0,51 0,82
56 –– –– –– 0,68 0,50 0,82
60 –– –– –– 0,68 0,49 0,82
64 –– –– –– 0,67 0,48 0,81
72 0,58 –– 0,67 0,48 0,81
80 0,58 –– 0,66 0,48 0,80
88 0,57 –– 0,66 0,48 0,80
96 0,57 0,65 0,47 0,80
1. The manufacturers of yarn and rope shall 1. A tape indicating the rope standard designa-
constantly monitor the characteristics of their products tion and the manufacturer's, mark shall be worked into
and shall ensure that the products meet the require- the ropes, each ∼ 1m apart. Where companies have
ments specified in the standards. The manufacturers been approved for the independent performance of
shall keep records of their quality control and shall tests, this tape shall additionally bear the identification
present these to GL on request. number allocated to the company by GL. In addition, a
coloured distinguishing thread denoting the yarn mate-
rial in accordance with Table 4.3 is also to be worked
2. If a manufacturer intends to determine the into the rope.
strength of rope by calculation based on the strength
of the yarn, then the manufacturer shall demonstrate 2. The coloured distinguishing thread may be
at least once a year in the presence of a Surveyor of omitted where the tape has the colour code stipulated in 1.
GL that he is capable of manufacturing rope with
the specified reduction factors. This shall be demon- Table 4.3 Distinguishing threads for fibre ropes
strated by the tensile test on a test section described in
E.3. Material Colour code
manila black
3. Rope manufacturers who have been approved sisal red
by GL for the independent performance of tests may hemp green
themselves test the breaking load using the methods polyamide green
described in E. They shall certify the results on a
polyester blue
printed form prescribed by GL. These forms are ob-
tainable from GL. polypropylen brown