Chapter 3 - Automatic Wind Loads

Ksh = A reduction factor to account for global shielding by members or

appurtenances, and for changes in airflow around member or appur-
tenance in accordance with API 4F section 8.3.3.4
qm = Velocity pressure, qm, evaluated at height z of the centroid of area
Af.
Cs = Shape coefficient, as specified in Table 3-10 (API 4F-2013, Table
1).
A = Projected solid area normal to the wind.

Table 3-10: Cs Shape Coefficients for use in (API 4F-2013)

Shape Cs
Angles, Channels, Beams, Tees 1.8
Square/Rectangular box 1.5
Round pipes 0.8
Others 2.0

3.19 2005 Eurocode 1(EN 1991-1-4) Wind Loads

3.19.1 Input Wind Coefficients
Seven wind coefficients are input for EN 1991-1-4:2005 wind loads. They are
the basic wind speed, vb , in meter per second (m/sec), the terrain category, the
terrain orography, co ( z ) , turbulence factor, k1 , and the structural factor, cs cd .

The basic wind velocity, vb , is described in EN 1991-1-4:2005 Section 4.2

(2)P.

The terrain roughness, Cr ( z ) , is described in EN 1991-1-4:2005 Section 4.3.2.

The terrain categories can be 0, I, II, III and IV. The roughness factor, Cr ( z ) ,
accounts for the variability of the mean wind velocity at the site of the structure
due to:

 the height of ground level

Exposure from Line (Frame) Objects 3 - 73