Mapua University

Disruptive
Technology
Part 1
CS158 - 1 Artificial Intelligence
School of Information Technology
Raymond B. Sedilla, MSIT
image source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Highlights-of-industrial-revolutions_fig1_324952880
https://pwc.blogs.com/ceoinsights/2016/08/a-guide-to-the-essential-eight-emerging-technologies.html
 Disruptive Technology
Disruptive technology is the technology that
affects the normal operation of a market or an
industry. It displaces a well-established product or
technology, creating a new industry or market. A
professor at Harvard Business School, Clayton M.
Christensen, invented the term “disruptive
technology.”
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/disruptive-technology/
Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects — devices,
vehicles, appliances — embedded with sensors, software, network
connectivity and computing capability that enable them to collect,
exchange and act on data, usually without human intervention. By
monitoring a supply chain, IoT can increase confidence in the end
product, while its tracking of machines and systems can provide better
predictive maintenance and asset management. Industrial IoT (IIoT) refers
to its use in the manufacturing and industrial sectors.

https://www.pwc.com/us/en/tech-effect/emerging-tech/essential-eight-technologies.html
Four main components used in IoT:
1. Low-power embedded systems: Less battery consumption and high
performance are the inverse factors that play a significant role in the
design of electronic systems.

2. Cloud computing: Data collected through IoT devices is massive and

this data has to be stored on a reliable storage server. This is where cloud
computing comes into play. The data is processed and learned, giving
more room for us to discover where things like electrical faults/errors are
within the system.
Four main components used in IoT:
3. Availability of big data: We know that IoT relies heavily on sensors,
especially in real-time. As these electronic devices spread throughout
every field, their usage is going to trigger a massive flux of big data.

4. Networking connection: In order to communicate, internet connectivity

is a must where each physical object is represented by an IP address.
However, there are only a limited number of addresses available
according to the IP naming. Due to the growing number of devices, this
naming system will not be feasible anymore. Therefore, researchers are
looking for another alternative naming system to represent each physical
object.
IoT Enablers:
1. RFIDs: uses radio waves in order to electronically track the tags
attached to each physical object.
2. Sensors: devices that are able to detect changes in an environment
(ex: motion detectors).
3. Nanotechnology: as the name suggests, these are extremely small
devices with dimensions usually less than a hundred nanometers.
4. Smart networks: (ex: mesh topology).
 Internet of
Things (IoT)
Inventory and material tracking
Real-time asset monitoring
Connected operational intelligence
Customer self-service
Usage and performance
benchmarking
Data integration and analytics
Connected service parts management
Remote service
Real time market insights
Flexible billing and pricing
models

https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/technology/essential-eight-technologies.html
Advantages Of IoT Devices
IoT encourages the interaction between devices called a machine-to-machine
interaction.
It provides good automation and control.
Integrated with more technical information, so it is better to operate.
IoT possesses strong monitoring features.
It saves a lot of time.
IoT helps to save more money by reducing manual tasks and time.
Automating daily life tasks makes good monitoring of devices.
Increased efficiency and time-saving.
With good features make a better quality of life.

https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/iot-devices/
Disadvantages Of IoT Devices
Internet of Things devices does not have any international compatibility standard.
They may become highly complex resulting in failure.
Internet of Things devices may get affected by privacy and security breach.
Reduced safety for users.
Reduction in the employment of manual tasks thus resulting in job reductions.
Internet of Things devices may take control of life in due course of time with
increasing AI technology.

https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/iot-devices/
Smart speakers

https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/11/16453788/google-home-mini-smart-speaker-review
Smart watch

https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/smartwatch
Smart doorbell

https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-55044568
Smart WiFi
LED bulb
music sync

https://www.capetronix.com/products-detail/smart-rgb-bulb.html
Smart jacket

https://dlmag.com/levis-jacquard-smart-jackets-now-more-accessible-affordable/
Smart AI fridge

http://tech4tea.com/blog/2020/07/24/new-arrival-samsung-family-hub-smart-fridge-in-singapore/
3D Printing
3D printing creates three-dimensional objects based on digital models by
layering or “printing” successive layers of materials. The technology relies
on innovative “inks,” including plastic, metal, glass and wood. Some
companies use this technology for creating product prototypes, while
others use 3D to manufacture parts or even complete products. 3D
printing has the potential to turn every business into a factory. 3D printing
is moving beyond the use case of widgets and prototyping and is being
used to create consumer-ready products. It is also extending into the
industrial space now with eccentric use cases such as large scale 3D
printers being used to “print” buildings.

https://www.pwc.com/us/en/tech-effect/emerging-tech/essential-eight-technologies.html
How does 3D printing work?
Every 3D print starts as a digital 3D design file like a
blueprint for a physical object. Trying to print without a
design file is like trying to print a document on a sheet of
paper without a text file. This design file is sliced into thin
layers which is then sent to the 3D printer.
How do the different 3D printing technologies
work?
1. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) - The FDM printing process starts
with a string of solid material called the filament which in turn is guided
from a reel attached to the 3D printer to a heated nozzle inside of the 3D
printer that melts the material.

2. Stereolithography and Digital Light Processing (SLA & DLP)- These

technologies create 3D printed objects from a liquid (photopolymer) resin
by using a light source to solidify the liquid material.
How do the different 3D printing technologies
work?
3. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) - Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) uses a
laser to melt and solidify layers of powdered material into finished objects.

4. Material Jetting (PolyJet and MultiJet Modeling) - Material Jetting

(Stratasys PolyJet and 3D Systems MultiJet Modeling) technologies are
similar to inkjet printing but instead of jetting drops of ink onto paper
these 3D printers jet layers of liquid photopolymer onto a build tray and
cure them instantly using UV light.
How do the different 3D printing technologies
work?
5. Binder Jetting - The binder jetting technology is similar to SLS in the
way that the printer uses thin layers of powdered material to build up an
object but instead of using a laser that sinters the layer together, these
printers use a binding agent extruded from a nozzle to bind the powder
together.
 3D Printing

Healthcare and smart medical devices Supply chain optimization

Tools and end use parts Customized products
Prototyping Remote location production
Bridge manufacturing

https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/technology/essential-eight-technologies.html
7 ways 3D printing is disrupting US manufacturing
1. More making, less tinkering
2. Expectations rise for 3D printing of high-volume and low-volume
production
3. After-market parts vs newly developed products.
4. 3D printing has seen useful to produce obsolete parts
5. Majority of all manufacturers in the US adopting 3D printing
technology
6. Cost and quality lead to adoption barriers
7. 3D printing is seen to disrupt the supply chain, threaten intellectual
property

https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/industrial-products/library/3d-printing-comes-of-age.html
Prosthetic limbs and
other body parts

https://www.livescience.com/61095-3d-printed-mask-puppy-fractured-skull.html
3D Printed house

https://singularityhub.com/2017/03/05/watch-this-house-get-3d-printed-in-24-hours/
Edible 3D printing

http://chocedge.com/
Firearms

https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mhl45ediih/the-liberator/?sh=486dbd7f2e1e
Musical Instruments

https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/instruments/3d-printed-instruments/
 Anything your mind can imagine

A wrist support for the long working hours A fully working 3D printed wrench

https://fossbytes.com/49-highly-useful-3d-printed-things/
The desert landscape of
California’s Coachella Valley
will soon be home to the
first US neighborhood
comprised entirely of 3D-
printed houses.

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/mar/18
/california-housing-coachella-3d-printed-houses
https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-advancing-3d-printing-construction-systems-for-bases-on-the-moon-and-mars/
3D printing could wipe out 40% of
world trade by 2040

The figure is presented in an analysis by Dutch bank

ING, according to which the emergence of 3D
printing, otherwise known as additive
manufacturing, could radically shake up global
supply chains and threaten current trade growth
levels.

https://www.gtreview.com/news/global/3d-printing-could-wipe-out-40-of-world-trade-by-2040/
https://www.digitalpulse.pwc.com.au/drones-technology-essentials-101/
What is a Drone?
Drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are flying vehicles that do not
have on board a human pilot. They have been commonly used by the
military for warfare and to perform a range of complex tasks. These tasks
required substantial control and instructions, modern ground control
computers, and effective locally available navigation systems.

Enabling Drone Services: Drone Crowdsourcing and Drone Scripting - Majed Alwateer; Seng W. Loke; Niroshinie Fernando
 Drones

Insurance claim validation Construction site management

Precision farming Forestry management
Infrastructure inspections Facility inspection (wind, turbine,
Railway safety oil rig, etc)
Cargo delivery

https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/technology/essential-eight-technologies.html
Benefits of 1 Better precision

drones 2 Improved productivity

3 Reduced labor cost

4 Scalability and Adaptability

5 Increased safety
Limitations 1 Bandwith availability

of drones
2 Stored energy density

3 Coverage potential

4 Lack of Maturity
https://www.statista.com/chart/17021/number-of-countries-using-drones/
Real-World Applications for Drones

Drone food delivery service Drone-Assisted Photography/Surveying

Amazon announced it was close to being able to offer for For instance, high-quality photos and videos from different
package deliveries by drone for its Prime Air service. aerial angles can better showcase residential properties up for
sale, more effectively highlighting elements that appeal to
buyers.

https://www.pobonline.com/articles/101638-surveyors-ask-about-drone-use
https://www.voanews.com/africa/possible-first-use-ai-armed-drones-triggers-alarm-bells
Robotics:
Robots are machines that offer enhanced sensing, control and intelligence
to automate, augment or assist human activities. The robot market is
poised for growth in a broad range of service applications. These
applications are transforming both manufacturing and non-manufacturing
operations with new capabilities that address the challenges of working in
changing, uncertain and uncontrolled environments, such as alongside
humans without being a danger to them.

https://www.pwc.com/us/en/tech-effect/emerging-tech/essential-eight-technologies.html
Characteristics
1. Appearance: Robots have a physical body. They are held by the
structure of their body and are moved by their mechanical parts. Without
appearance, robots will be just software programs.

2. Brain: Another name for the brain in robots is the Onboard control
unit. Using this robot receives information and sends commands as
output. With this control unit robot knows what to do else it’ll be just a
remote-controlled machine.

Geeks for geeks

Characteristics
3. Sensors: The use of these sensors in robots is to gather info from the
outside world and send it to the Brain. Basically, these sensors have
circuits in them that produce the voltage in them.

4. Actuators: The robots move and the parts with the help of these robots
move are called Actuators. Some examples of actuators are motors,
pumps, compressors, etc. The brain tells these actuators when and how to
respond or move.
Characteristics
5. Program: Robots only work or respond to the instructions which are
provided to them in the form of a program. These programs only tell the
brain when to perform which operation like when to move, produce
sounds, etc. These programs only tell the robot how to use sensor data to
make decisions.

6. Behavior: Robots' behavior is decided by the program which has been

built for them. Once the robot starts making the movement, one can
easily tell which kind of program is being installed inside the robot.
Types of Robots
1. Articulated: The feature of this robot is its rotary joints and the range of
these is from 2 to 10 or more joints. The arm is connected to the rotary
joint and each joint is known as the axis which provides a range of
movements.

2. Cartesian: These are also known as gantry robots. These have three
joints that use the Cartesian coordinate system i.e x, y, z. These robots
are provided with attached wrists to provide rotatory motion.
Types of Robots

3. Scara: These robots are mainly used in assembly applications. Its arm is
cylindrical in design. It has two parallel joints which are used to provide
compliance in one selected plane.

4. Delta: The structure of these robots are like spider-shaped. They are
built by joint parallelograms that are connected to a common base. The
parallelogram moves in a dome-shaped work area. These are mainly used
in the food and electrical industries.
Types of Robots
5. Cylindrical: These types of robots have at least one rotatory joint and
one prismatic joint which are used to connect the links. The use of
rotatory joints is to rotate along the axis and prismatic joints are used to
provide linear motion.

6. Polar: These are also known as spherical robots. The arm is connected
to the base with a twisting joint and have a combination of 2 rotatory joint
and one linear joint.
Scope and limitations of robots:
The advanced version of machines are robots that are used to do advanced
tasks and are programmed to make decisions on their own. When a robot is
designed the most important thing to be kept in mind is What the function is
to be performed and what are the limitations of the robot. Each robot has a
basic level of complexity and each of the levels has a scope that limits the
functions that are to be performed. For general basic robots, their
complexity is decided by the number of limbs, actuators, and the sensors
that are used while for advanced robots the complexity is decided by the
number of microprocessors and microcontrollers used. Increasing any
component in the robot, it is increasing the scope of the robot and with
every joint added, the degree of the robot is enhanced.
Advantages:
They can get information that a human can’t get.
They can perform tasks without any mistakes and very efficiently and
fast.
Maximum robots are automatic, so they can perform different tasks
without needing human interaction.
Robots are used in different factories to produce items like a plane,
car parts, etc.
They can be used for mining purposes and can be sent to earth’s
madrid.
Disadvantages:
They need the power supply to keep going. People working in factories
may lose their jobs as robots can replace them.
They need high maintenance to keep them working all day long. And
the cost of maintaining the robots can be expensive.
They can store huge amounts of data but they are not as efficient as
our human brains.
As we know that robots work on the program that has been installed on
them. So other than the program installed, robots can’t do anything
different.
The most important disadvantage is that if the program of robots
comes in wrong hands they can cause a huge amount of destruction.
Robotics

Manufacturing Service industry

Hazardous industries Automation of predictable tasks
Hotels and tourism Data management

https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/technology/essential-eight-technologies.html
 AI and robotics are transforming
healthcare

https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/healthcare/publications/ai-robotics-new-health/transforming-healthcare.html
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48760799
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48760799
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K9brH27jvM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlkCQXHEgjA
https://www.geekwire.com/2019/apple-picking-robots-gear-u-s-debut-washington-state/
https://www.hansonrobotics.com/sophia/