Table 4.

Gender Development Index

Gender Development Index

HDI rank Country Value Group b

2022 2022
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1 Switzerland 0.971 2
2 Norway 0.986 1
3 Iceland 0.975 1
4 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.972 2
5 Denmark 0.981 1
5 Sweden 0.983 1
7 Germany 0.966 2
7 Ireland 0.991 1
9 Singapore 0.991 1
10 Australia 0.978 1
10 Netherlands 0.960 2
12 Belgium 0.975 1
12 Finland 0.989 1
12 Liechtenstein 0.949 3
15 United Kingdom 0.976 1
16 New Zealand 0.970 2
17 United Arab Emirates 0.986 1
18 Canada 0.988 1
19 Korea (Republic of) 0.948 3
20 Luxembourg 0.993 1
20 United States 1.005 1
22 Austria 0.972 2
22 Slovenia 0.999 1
24 Japan 0.968 2
25 Israel 0.991 1
25 Malta 0.980 1
27 Spain 0.988 1
28 France 0.986 1
29 Cyprus 0.977 1
30 Italy 0.969 2
31 Estonia 1.022 1
32 Czechia 0.988 1
33 Greece 0.969 2
34 Bahrain 0.937 3
 SDG3

Human Development Index Life expectancy at birth

Value (years)

Female Male Female Male

2022 2022 2022 2022

0.949 0.977 85.9 82.5

0.957 0.970 85.1 81.7
0.946 0.969 84.3 81.4
0.943 0.970 86.9 81.8
0.942 0.960 83.8 80.0
0.941 0.957 85.1 81.9
0.932 0.964 83.5 78.5
0.943 0.951 84.4 81.0
0.945 0.954 86.3 82.0
0.935 0.956 85.5 81.7
0.925 0.964 83.9 80.9
0.929 0.952 84.4 80.2
0.937 0.947 84.9 79.8
0.924 0.974 86.1 83.0
0.926 0.949 83.8 80.4
0.924 0.953 84.7 81.3
0.923 0.936 81.4 77.7
0.929 0.940 84.8 80.9
0.900 0.950 87.1 80.7
0.920 0.927 84.8 80.4
0.928 0.923 81.0 75.5
0.912 0.938 84.6 80.2
0.924 0.925 84.6 79.6
0.904 0.933 87.8 l
81.8
0.910 0.918 84.5 80.6
0.903 0.922 85.7 81.6
0.902 0.913 86.5 81.2
0.903 0.916 86.0 80.4
0.895 0.916 83.7 80.1
0.890 0.918 86.0 82.0
0.908 0.888 83.0 75.0
0.888 0.899 81.2 75.1
0.878 0.907 83.3 78.0
0.847 0.904 80.5 78.2
 SDG4.3 SDG4.4

Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling

(years) (years)

Female Male Female

2022 c
2022 c
2022 c

16.7 16.5 13.5 d

19.5 f
17.8 13.2 d

20.5 f
17.8 13.9
17.9 17.8 12.0
19.4 f
18.2 g
13.2
20.7 f
17.5 12.8 d

17.4 17.3 14.0

19.5 f
18.8 g
11.9 d

17.0 16.8 11.6

22.0 f
20.2 g
12.8
18.9 f
18.2 g
12.4
19.9 f
18.0 12.5 d

20.3 f
18.3 g
13.1 d

i
14.5 16.4 12.1 j

18.2 f
17.1 13.4
20.2 f
19.2 g
12.9
19.8 f
16.4 12.6
16.5 15.4 14.0 d

16.1 16.8 12.0 d

14.3 14.1 12.9 k

17.3 15.6 13.7

16.8 15.9 12.0 d

18.3 f
16.6 12.9 d

15.4 15.5 12.4

15.6 14.5 13.5 d

16.6 15.2 12.0

18.4 f
17.2 10.5
16.4 15.6 11.5 d

16.6 15.8 12.4

17.1 16.2 10.6
16.8 15.1 13.8
16.9 15.8 12.8 d

20.2 f
19.9 g
11.1
17.0 15.7 10.8
 SDG4.4 SDG8.5

ean years of schooling Estimated gross national income per capita a

(years) (2017 PPP $)

Male Female Male

2022 c
2022 2022

14.3 d
56,928 82,109 e

12.9 d
61,067 77,164 e

13.7 45,506 63,420

12.8 51,563 75,270 e

12.8 51,753 72,387

12.5 d
47,828 66,019
14.5 41,022 70,040
11.4 d
66,876 108,424 e

12.3 76,611 h
99,844 e

12.6 41,131 57,496

12.8 44,139 70,575
12.6 d
43,720 63,804
12.7 d
42,302 56,914
14.0 j
114,829 h
179,045 e

13.4 35,910 57,591

13.0 34,940 52,542
12.9 51,510 84,088 e

13.8 d
39,765 57,230
13.3 d
31,063 61,037
13.0 k
66,697 90,256 e

13.5 53,469 77,898 e

12.6 d
41,899 71,616
12.8 d
35,264 47,843
13.0 33,478 54,395
13.4 d
37,415 49,792
12.4 33,971 54,099
10.7 32,835 47,543
11.9 d
38,135 57,263
12.5 31,777 48,470
10.9 31,413 57,808
13.3 31,199 43,737
13.1 d
30,761 49,404
11.7 24,821 38,227
11.2 22,722 64,700
35 Andorra .. ..
36 Poland 1.009 1
37 Latvia 1.022 1
37 Lithuania 1.028 2
39 Croatia 0.993 1
40 Qatar 1.027 2
40 Saudi Arabia 0.928 3
42 Portugal 0.998 1
43 San Marino 0.966 2
44 Chile 0.973 2
45 Slovakia 1.002 1
45 Türkiye 0.941 3
47 Hungary 0.989 1
48 Argentina 0.995 1
49 Kuwait 1.014 1
50 Montenegro 0.978 1
51 Saint Kitts and Nevis .. ..
52 Uruguay 1.020 1
53 Romania 0.981 1
54 Antigua and Barbuda .. ..
55 Brunei Darussalam 0.983 1
56 Russian Federation 1.021 1
57 Bahamas 1.007 1
57 Panama 1.017 1
59 Oman 0.937 3
60 Georgia 1.005 1
60 Trinidad and Tobago 0.992 1
62 Barbados 1.030 2
63 Malaysia 0.973 2
64 Costa Rica 0.995 1
65 Serbia 0.986 1
66 Thailand 1.011 1
67 Kazakhstan 0.998 1
67 Seychelles 1.064 3
69 Belarus 1.003 1
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
70 Bulgaria 0.995 1
71 Palau 1.007 1
72 Mauritius 0.976 1
73 Grenada 0.976 1
74 Albania 0.977 1
75 China 0.962 2
76 Armenia 1.026 2
77 Mexico 0.979 1
 .. .. 85.8 81.4
0.884 0.876 80.8 73.2
0.887 0.868 80.1 71.5
0.891 0.867 79.1 69.5
0.875 0.881 82.0 76.4
0.893 0.869 83.1 80.6
0.832 0.897 79.5 76.7
0.873 0.874 84.9 79.3
0.853 0.883 84.7 82.0
0.847 0.870 81.9 77.2
0.856 0.854 78.8 71.9
0.825 0.876 81.5 75.4
0.846 0.855 78.3 71.6
0.841 0.845 79.3 72.9
0.848 0.836 82.8 78.9
0.833 0.852 80.3 73.5
.. .. 75.7 68.7
0.832 0.816 81.7 74.1
0.818 0.834 77.6 70.7
.. .. 81.6 76.5
0.814 0.829 76.8 72.5
0.829 0.812 75.7 64.7
0.822 0.817 77.8 70.8
0.826 0.813 80.1 73.7
0.780 0.833 76.0 72.4
0.815 0.811 76.5 66.8
0.809 0.815 78.2 71.3
0.815 0.792 79.6 75.7
0.794 0.816 78.8 74.0
0.803 0.807 80.0 74.8
0.799 0.810 77.0 71.3
0.807 0.798 83.9 75.5
0.799 0.801 73.0 65.8
0.829 0.779 76.0 68.2
0.801 0.799 78.4 68.1

0.797 0.800 75.1 68.3

0.802 0.797 69.3 62.2
0.784 0.803 77.1 71.0
0.781 0.801 78.3 72.6
0.780 0.798 79.5 74.5
0.771 0.802 81.3 76.0
0.795 0.775 78.4 67.9
0.770 0.787 78.2 71.5
12.8 12.8 11.5
16.7 15.2 13.3
17.3 15.9 13.6 d

17.1 15.8 13.6

16.5 14.7 12.1 d

15.3 12.6 11.8 d

15.5 m
14.8 n
10.7
17.1 16.6 9.6
12.0 12.9 10.7 o

17.1 16.5 11.0 d

15.3 14.2 13.0 d

19.6 f
19.8 g
8.1 d

15.4 14.7 12.1

20.9 f
17.1 11.4
17.8 d
13.8 d
8.3 d

15.6 14.6 12.1 d

19.7 f,p
17.0 p
11.1 m

18.8 f
15.9 9.3 d

15.0 14.0 11.1 d

16.7 d
14.4 d
10.3 n

14.2 13.3 9.2

15.8 d
15.5 d
12.5
12.2 m
11.6 m
12.8 d

13.9 d
12.6 d
10.9 d

13.5 12.6 12.3

17.0 16.5 12.8
14.4 r
13.8 r
11.9 d

18.3 d,f
14.8 d
10.4 s

13.4 12.5 10.7 d

16.7 d
15.6 d
8.9
15.2 13.8 11.2 d

15.9 15.3 8.7 d

15.0 14.6 12.5 d

15.4 12.6 12.0 m

13.9 14.0 12.3 d

14.1 13.6 11.5

18.3 f,o
16.9 o
13.3 o

15.2 14.1 9.9 s

17.1 d
16.1 d
9.8 m

14.7 14.3 9.8 s

15.7 d
14.8 d
7.5 m

14.8 14.0 11.3

15.0 14.1 9.1
11.7 .. ..
13.0 27,366 43,446
13.0 d
26,345 38,716
13.4 33,012 43,912
12.6 d
27,573 41,433
9.7 d
47,964 114,135 e

11.7 24,647 69,723

9.5 31,845 39,199
10.5 o
50,410 65,363
11.2 d
18,612 30,337
13.0 d
26,634 37,967
9.6 d
20,538 45,077
12.4 27,203 41,768
10.9 16,933 27,265
7.0 d
28,018 75,232 e

13.2 d
17,543 27,750
10.6 q
.. ..
8.7 d
17,426 27,294
11.7 d
22,595 41,297
10.6 n
.. ..
9.2 44,703 72,823
12.3 21,781 33,001
12.7 d
28,375 37,085
10.4 d
27,611 36,447
11.7 13,055 45,769
12.6 12,237 20,141
11.6 d
17,088 28,007
9.1 s
12,595 17,214
10.8 d
19,262 34,983
8.7 16,531 23,965
11.9 d
15,909 23,388
9.0 d
15,289 18,580
12.4 d
18,595 26,890
10.4 24,756 31,651
12.2 d
14,502 23,022

11.3 20,700 31,466

12.8 m
15,159 23,218
10.1 s
15,594 31,124
9.9 n
9,775 17,412
10.4 s
13,199 17,398
8.7 t
13,292 22,567
11.3 13,443 17,770
9.4 13,548 25,008
78 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.880 5
78 Sri Lanka 0.947 3
80 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.952 2
81 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .. ..
82 Dominican Republic 1.029 2
83 Ecuador 0.990 1
83 North Macedonia 0.950 2
85 Cuba 0.973 2
86 Moldova (Republic of) 1.033 2
87 Maldives 0.976 1
87 Peru 0.952 2
89 Azerbaijan 0.961 2
89 Brazil 1.000 1
91 Colombia 0.998 1
92 Libya 0.988 1
93 Algeria 0.881 5
94 Turkmenistan .. ..
95 Guyana 0.992 1
96 Mongolia 1.032 2
97 Dominica .. ..
98 Tonga 0.996 1
99 Jordan 0.863 5
100 Ukraine 1.021 1
101 Tunisia 0.928 3
102 Marshall Islands 0.945 3
102 Paraguay 0.994 1
104 Fiji 0.940 3
105 Egypt 0.884 5
106 Uzbekistan 0.924 4
107 Viet Nam 1.007 1
108 Saint Lucia 1.013 1
109 Lebanon 0.928 3
110 South Africa 0.985 1
111 Palestine, State of 0.880 5
112 Indonesia 0.940 3
113 Philippines 0.966 2
114 Botswana 0.998 1
115 Jamaica 1.016 1
116 Samoa 0.968 2
117 Kyrgyzstan 0.975 1
118 Belize 0.982 1
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
119 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1.002 1
120 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.965 2
0.710 0.806 77.5 71.9
0.751 0.793 80.2 72.9
0.759 0.797 77.5 73.1
.. .. 71.7 66.7
0.775 0.753 77.5 71.0
0.760 0.768 80.5 75.3
0.744 0.783 76.2 71.7
0.750 0.771 80.6 75.8
0.776 0.751 73.3 64.2
0.748 0.767 81.8 80.1
0.742 0.779 75.5 71.3
0.743 0.773 76.2 70.6
0.758 0.758 76.6 70.3
0.756 0.758 77.1 70.3
0.739 0.748 74.8 69.7
0.682 0.774 78.5 75.9
.. .. 72.9 65.9
0.738 0.743 69.4 62.8
0.751 0.728 77.4 68.1
.. .. 76.5 69.9
0.736 0.739 74.1 68.6
0.662 0.767 76.7 72.1
0.741 0.726 73.9 63.5
0.698 0.751 77.4 71.4
0.708 0.748 67.1 63.5
0.728 0.732 73.6 67.6
0.700 0.745 70.2 66.5
0.664 0.752 72.6 67.9
0.691 0.748 74.3 69.0
0.729 0.723 79.3 69.9
0.729 0.719 74.9 68.0
0.690 0.743 76.6 72.2
0.710 0.721 64.2 58.6
0.649 0.737 75.9 71.0
0.688 0.732 70.4 66.2
0.694 0.718 74.2 70.2
0.707 0.708 68.4 63.3
0.710 0.699 72.7 68.5
0.687 0.709 75.3 70.1
0.690 0.707 74.9 66.2
0.691 0.704 74.7 67.7

0.695 0.693 75.7 66.9

0.686 0.711 67.9 62.3
14.2 14.1 10.7 d

14.1 d
13.2 d
11.1
13.8 12.8 9.8
16.4 d
16.1 d
11.0 o

14.8 12.3 9.6 d

15.3 14.4 8.9

13.4 12.6 9.7
15.3 13.7 10.6 d

15.4 14.4 11.9 d

13.3 d
11.2 d
7.9 d

14.9 d
14.7 d
9.4 d

12.7 12.7 10.2 d

16.2 15.0 8.5 d

14.7 14.2 9.0

14.8 n
13.5 n
8.4 m

16.3 14.7 6.5 d

13.2 13.2 10.8 d

13.3 r
12.7 r
8.7 s

15.3 d
13.8 d
9.9
14.4 m
12.7 m
9.0 n

17.4 15.2 11.0 s

12.9 d
12.4 d
10.1
13.5 13.1 11.4 s

15.5 d
13.8 d
7.3 d

17.0 15.8 12.7 o

14.6 u
13.3 u
8.9
14.4 13.3 10.4
12.8 13.0 10.2 d

12.0 12.0 11.7

13.3 v
12.8 v
8.1 d

13.4 12.1 8.8 d

12.8 w
11.3 w
8.0 m

14.8 13.7 11.5

14.0 12.4 9.9
14.1 d
13.9 d
8.2
13.2 12.4 9.2 d

11.8 11.1 10.4

13.6 d
11.4 d
9.9 d

13.0 11.9 11.8 d

13.2 12.8 11.9 d

12.8 12.1 9.0

14.3 o
12.4 o
9.8 o

15.1 14.9 9.2

10.8 d
4,140 25,192
11.4 6,241 17,990
11.4 12,420 20,853
11.0 o
.. ..
8.7 d
14,773 22,506
9.0 9,147 12,245
10.8 11,526 21,296
10.4 d
5,571 10,373
11.8 d
12,272 13,725
7.7 d
12,161 23,783
10.6 d
9,515 14,365
10.9 d
11,526 18,603
8.0 d
11,292 18,061
8.7 12,252 17,854
7.2 m
12,073 27,248
7.5 d
3,842 17,859
11.5 d
.. ..
8.5 s
26,505 45,454
8.8 8,099 12,640
9.7 n
.. ..
10.8 s
5,051 7,698
10.8 2,753 15,380
10.7 s
9,025 14,233
8.7 d
5,198 15,528
12.9 m
4,518 9,096
8.9 10,349 15,954
10.3 6,282 16,158
9.6 d
3,739 20,790
12.1 4,390 11,716
8.8 d
9,615 12,042
8.3 d
11,815 17,807
9.2 o
6,546 18,439
11.7 10,423 16,095
10.0 2,134 11,759
8.9 8,111 15,926
8.7 d
6,179 11,851
10.5 13,676 16,037
8.6 d
7,647 11,775
11.0 d
3,314 6,562
12.0 d
3,442 6,170
8.7 6,319 12,133

9.5 m
4,285 8,126
10.5 6,727 9,243
120 Morocco 0.851 5
122 Nauru 1.037 2
123 Gabon 0.982 1
124 Suriname 0.987 1
125 Bhutan 0.970 2
126 Tajikistan 0.919 4
127 El Salvador 0.972 2
128 Iraq 0.786 5
129 Bangladesh 0.914 4
130 Nicaragua 0.949 3
131 Cabo Verde 0.981 1
132 Tuvalu 0.975 1
133 Equatorial Guinea .. ..
134 India 0.852 5
135 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0.950 2
136 Guatemala 0.931 3
137 Kiribati 0.849 5
138 Honduras 0.974 2
139 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.919 4
140 Vanuatu 0.936 3
141 Sao Tome and Principe .. ..
142 Eswatini (Kingdom of) 0.987 1
142 Namibia 1.006 1
144 Myanmar 0.941 3
145 Ghana 0.933 3
146 Kenya 0.948 3
146 Nepal 0.885 5
148 Cambodia 0.926 3
149 Congo 0.909 4
150 Angola 0.905 4
151 Cameroon 0.900 4
152 Comoros 0.914 4
153 Zambia 0.930 3
154 Papua New Guinea 0.927 3
155 Timor-Leste 0.904 4
156 Solomon Islands 0.959 2
157 Syrian Arab Republic 0.805 5
158 Haiti 0.929 3
159 Uganda 0.899 5
159 Zimbabwe 0.936 3
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
161 Nigeria 0.886 5
161 Rwanda 0.921 4
0.628 0.737 77.2 72.9
0.708 0.683 67.8 60.5
0.683 0.696 68.4 63.4
0.683 0.692 73.6 67.2
0.670 0.690 74.2 70.6
0.647 0.704 73.5 69.2
0.662 0.681 75.8 66.8
0.569 0.724 73.4 69.2
0.635 0.694 76.0 71.5
0.647 0.682 77.6 71.6
0.652 0.664 79.0 70.3
0.643 0.659 69.4 61.1
.. .. 63.3 59.4
0.582 0.684 69.4 66.3
0.615 0.647 74.8 67.3
0.604 0.649 71.8 65.7
0.555 0.654 69.4 65.7
0.616 0.632 73.2 68.5
0.593 0.645 71.2 66.9
0.591 0.631 73.1 68.3
.. .. 71.9 66.1
0.606 0.614 60.6 52.6
0.612 0.608 61.7 54.6
0.583 0.619 70.5 64.2
0.583 0.625 66.1 61.8
0.585 0.617 64.7 59.6
0.562 0.635 72.4 68.6
0.577 0.623 72.6 67.1
0.564 0.620 64.6 61.5
0.561 0.620 64.5 59.4
0.556 0.618 62.6 59.4
0.558 0.611 66.1 61.5
0.548 0.589 64.5 59.1
0.546 0.589 69.2 63.4
0.534 0.591 70.8 67.4
0.554 0.578 72.4 69.3
0.481 0.597 76.1 68.7
0.531 0.571 66.7 60.9
0.522 0.580 65.7 61.5
0.532 0.568 62.1 56.4

0.515 0.581 54.0 53.3

0.524 0.569 69.2 64.8
14.5 14.7 5.1
14.4 d
11.0 d
9.3 m

12.6 n
12.3 m
10.4
11.3 10.6 8.6 d

13.6 d
12.6 d
5.2 d

10.4 d
11.3 d
10.9 s

12.2 u
11.6 u
6.8
11.6 v
12.8 v
5.6 s

12.4 11.5 6.8

12.3 u
12.8 u
7.5
11.8 d
11.3 d
5.8 o

12.4 d
11.8 d
10.5 d

12.0 n
12.3 n
8.2 n

12.6 12.6 5.5

12.7 n
12.5 m
6.9 n

10.6 d
10.9 d
5.2 d

12.4 11.3 9.3 m

10.3 u
9.6 u
6.9 d

10.0 10.4 5.0 s

11.9 d
11.7 d
6.6 n

12.9 r
12.5 r
5.3 d

14.4 d
15.5 d
5.8
11.7 x
11.8 x
7.5 s

12.3 d
11.3 d
6.2 s

11.5 11.7 5.6 s

11.4 x
11.4 x
7.1
12.8 12.5 3.4 d

11.3 o
11.8 m
4.4
13.0 d
11.9 d
7.2 s

11.5 12.9 4.5 x

12.7 d
14.1 d
5.6 s

13.4 d
12.7 d
5.2 y

11.1 y
11.0 y
6.4 s

10.5 x
11.7 x
4.2 s

13.4 x
13.1 x
5.5 x

11.1 d
9.7 d
5.5 n

7.2 o
7.7 m
5.4 o

11.1 m
11.2 n
5.1 s

11.1 x
11.9 x
5.2 d

10.7 d
11.4 d
8.2 d

10.2 10.8 6.6

11.5 11.3 4.5
7.0 2,968 12,876
9.2 n
11,558 18,213
8.7 7,296 14,958
8.2 d
8,820 15,832
6.3 d
9,343 11,766
11.6 s
3,295 6,300
7.6 6,244 11,794
8.0 s
2,087 16,070
8.0 3,684 9,387
7.0 3,596 7,311
6.3 o
5,732 9,491
10.8 d
3,378 6,063
8.4 m
.. ..
7.6 2,958 10,696
7.8 n
2,652 4,756
6.3 d
6,114 11,938
9.0 o
1,100 5,903
7.8 d
4,695 5,837
6.9 s
6,380 9,088
7.5 n
2,445 4,033
6.7 d
.. ..
5.7 6,958 9,848
7.0 s
7,827 10,673
6.9 s
2,545 5,544
7.6 s
4,794 5,970
8.3 3,977 5,654
5.7 d
2,609 5,564
6.2 3,563 5,034
9.4 s
2,085 3,722
7.2 x
4,696 5,974
7.6 s
3,048 4,318
7.3 y
2,338 4,174
8.3 s
2,531 3,800
5.7 s
3,219 4,171
6.6 x
1,145 2,094
6.8 n
1,998 2,537
6.7 o
1,049 6,132
6.3 s
2,110 3,506
7.7 d
1,890 2,597
9.6 d
1,762 2,433

8.7 4,110 5,386

5.4 1,662 3,000
163 Togo 0.848 5
164 Mauritania 0.874 5
164 Pakistan 0.834 5
166 Côte d'Ivoire 0.861 5
167 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.940 3
168 Lesotho 0.999 1
169 Senegal 0.925 3
170 Sudan 0.868 5
171 Djibouti 0.844 5
172 Malawi 0.926 3
173 Benin 0.848 5
174 Gambia 0.940 3
175 Eritrea .. ..
176 Ethiopia 0.922 4
177 Liberia 0.860 5
177 Madagascar 0.945 3
179 Guinea-Bissau 0.862 5
180 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.891 5
181 Guinea 0.818 5
182 Afghanistan 0.622 5
183 Mozambique 0.929 3
184 Sierra Leone 0.885 5
185 Burkina Faso 0.881 5
186 Yemen 0.456 5
187 Burundi 0.926 3
188 Mali 0.830 5
189 Chad 0.776 5
189 Niger 0.826 5
191 Central African Republic .. ..
192 South Sudan .. ..
193 Somalia 0.769 5
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of) .. ..
Monaco .. ..

Human development groups

Very high human development 0.988 —
High human development 0.962 —
Medium human development 0.870 —
Low human development 0.868 —

Developing countries 0.929 —

Regions
0.505 0.596 62.2 60.9
0.503 0.575 66.4 63.0
0.480 0.575 68.9 64.1
0.492 0.572 60.3 57.7
0.516 0.549 68.9 64.7
0.519 0.520 55.9 50.3
0.496 0.536 70.2 65.5
0.472 0.544 68.2 63.0
0.466 0.552 65.5 60.3
0.489 0.528 66.3 59.6
0.462 0.544 61.7 58.3
0.481 0.511 64.3 61.5
.. .. 68.7 64.5
0.472 0.512 68.9 62.6
0.451 0.524 62.4 59.8
0.473 0.500 67.6 63.0
0.451 0.523 61.9 57.7
0.454 0.510 62.1 57.5
0.422 0.515 60.2 57.6
0.332 0.534 66.2 59.8
0.443 0.477 62.7 56.5
0.432 0.488 61.7 59.1
0.409 0.464 61.5 58.0
0.219 0.480 67.2 60.5
0.404 0.436 63.9 60.1
0.368 0.444 60.8 58.1
0.342 0.441 54.8 51.3
0.354 0.428 63.4 60.8
.. .. 56.8 52.3
.. .. 57.0 54.0
0.327 0.425 58.2 54.1

.. .. 76.1 71.0
.. .. 88.9 l
85.1

0.895 0.906 82.3 76.4

0.747 0.777 78.0 72.5
0.587 0.675 69.9 66.1
0.478 0.551 63.7 59.7

0.665 0.716 72.9 68.2

 12.5 d
14.3 d
4.2 d

8.2 8.0 4.1 s

7.3 d
8.4 d
3.9 d

9.5 10.7 3.1 s

8.7 8.5 5.1 d

11.4 d
10.8 d
8.2 d

9.9 8.4 2.3 d

8.3 d
8.7 d
3.5
8.2 d
8.0 d
2.9 o

11.5 d
11.5 d
4.3
9.5 11.1 2.1 s

9.9 x
8.1 x
3.7
6.9 d
7.8 d
4.0 n

10.2 d
9.8 d
1.7 d

10.1 10.8 3.6 s

9.3 d
9.1 d
4.3
10.4 v
11.6 v
2.5
9.6 d
9.7 d
5.8 s

9.1 d
11.2 d
1.4 d

8.1 d
13.2 d
1.2
10.3 d
11.1 d
3.2
9.4 r
9.0 r
2.4 d

8.2 8.0 1.6 d

6.9 o
8.9 o
1.8 z

10.2 d
9.7 d
2.6 d

6.4 d
7.5 d
1.1
6.8 d
9.5 d
1.3 d

6.5 d
7.9 d
1.0 s

6.1 d
8.4 d
2.7 s

4.5 d
6.7 d
4.8 aa

7.6 n
8.3 n
0.9

.. .. ..
i
19.4 d,f
18.1 d,g
..

17.1 16.1 12.2

14.8 14.2 8.3
12.3 12.3 5.8
8.9 9.6 3.9

12.6 12.5 7.1

7.2 d
1,744 2,679
5.8 s
3,053 7,727
4.8 d
2,120 8,571
5.4 s
4,063 6,665
6.3 d
2,195 2,970
6.8 d
2,129 3,304
3.7 d
2,256 4,712
4.2 1,750 5,282
5.1 o
2,307 7,481
6.4 1,191 1,687
4.4 s
2,604 4,205
5.6 1,792 2,390
5.7 n
.. ..
3.2 d
1,762 2,970
7.2 s
1,163 1,499
4.9 1,224 1,702
5.1 1,487 2,282
8.8 s
917 1,246
3.4 d
1,719 3,104
3.9 396 2,256
4.4 1,060 1,385
4.8 d
1,326 1,898
3.1 d
1,454 2,624
3.6 z
150 2,042
4.1 d
636 789
2.2 1,333 2,741
3.5 d
991 1,783
1.8 s
893 1,663
5.4 s
.. ..
6.2 aa
.. ..
2.9 578 1,563

.. .. ..
.. .. ..

12.3 34,726 55,442

9.0 10,904 20,011
7.6 3,127 9,638
5.5 2,073 4,368

8.2 7,283 14,943

Arab States 0.877 —
East Asia and the Pacific 0.962 —
Europe and Central Asia 0.963 —
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.991 —
South Asia 0.855 —
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.915 —

Least developed countries 0.890 —

Small island developing states 0.979 —

Organisation for Economic Co-op 0.984 —

World 0.951 —

Notes
a. Because disaggregated income data are not available, data are crudely estimated. See Definitions
b. Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values.
c. Data refer to 2022 or the most recent year available.
d. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).
e. In calculating the male HDI value, estimated gross national income per capita is capped at $75,000
f. In calculating the female HDI value, expected years of schooling is capped at 18 years.
g. In calculating the male HDI value, expected years of schooling is capped at 18 years.
h. In calculating the female HDI value, estimated gross national income per capita is capped at $75,00
i. In calculating the male HDI value, life expectancy at birth is capped at 82.5 years.
j. Updated by HDRO using mean years of schooling trend of Austria and data from UNESCO Institute
k. Updated by HDRO based on data from OECD (2023) and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).
l. In calculating the female HDI value, life expectancy at birth is capped at 87.5 years.
m. HDRO estimate based on data from Robert Barro and Jong-Wha Lee, CEDLAS and The World Ba
n. Based on HDRO estimates using cross-country regression.
o. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023) and estimates using
p. Refers to 2015 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).
q. Refers to 2015 based on HDRO estimates using cross-country regression.
r. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023) and UNICEF Multiple
s. Updated by HDRO based on data from Barro and Lee (2018) and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2
t. Refers to 2018 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).
u. Updated by HDRO based on data from CEDLAS and The World Bank (2023) and UNESCO Institut
v. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for various years
w. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for various year
x. Updated by HDRO based on data from ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for various yea
y. Updated by HDRO based on data from ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for various yea
z. Updated by HDRO based on data from Barro and Lee (2018) and estimates using cross-country reg
aa. Refers to 2008 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).

Definitions
Gender Development IndexIndex:groups:
Ratio of Countries
female to male HDI values.
are divided See
into five Technical
groups note 3 at
by absolute http://hdr.u
deviation fro
HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 2.5–5 percent), group 3 comprises
Human
(absoluteDevelopment Index (HDI):
deviation of 7.5–10 A and
percent) composite
group 5index measuring
comprises average
countries withachievement
low equality in
in three basi
HDI achie
calculated.
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns
Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can
Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and old
Estimated gross national income per capita: Derived from the ratio of female to male wages, fema
 0.646 0.736 73.5 69.3
0.749 0.779 79.0 73.6
0.785 0.815 77.0 70.2
0.758 0.765 76.9 70.6
0.580 0.678 70.4 66.7
0.525 0.574 62.6 58.7

0.509 0.572 67.4 62.5

0.722 0.738 74.3 69.0

0.898 0.912 82.9 77.4

0.719 0.756 74.5 69.6

estimated. See Definitions and Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2023_technical_notes.pdf for det

parity in HDI values.

apita is capped at $75,000.

d at 18 years.
at 18 years.
capita is capped at $75,000.

ta from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).

tute for Statistics (2023).

EDLAS and The World Bank, ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation an

2023) and estimates using cross-country regression.

2023) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for various years.
CO Institute for Statistics (2023).

023) and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).

r Surveys for various years.
er Surveys for various years and estimates using cross-country regression.
alth Surveys for various years and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023).
alth Surveys for various years.
tes using cross-country regression.

shnical note 3 at
by absolute http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2023_technical_notes.pdf
deviation from gender parity in HDI values. Group 1 comprises countries for details on how
with high the Gender
equality Developm
in HDI achievemen
ercent), group 3 comprises countries with medium equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviat
hachievement
low equality in
in three basic dimensions
HDI achievements of human
between women development—a long deviation
and men (absolute and healthy life,gender
from knowledge
parityand a decent
of more than standard
10 percen
o live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant’s life.
f school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child
by people ages 25 and older, converted from educational attainment levels using official durations of each level.
male to male wages, female and male shares of economically active population and gross national income (in 2017 purchas
 11.8 12.0 7.2
14.8 14.2 7.8
15.5 15.5 10.4
15.3 14.2 9.0
11.8 12.0 5.7
10.2 10.5 5.2

9.9 10.3 4.3

12.9 12.3 8.5

17.1 16.1 12.1

13.1 12.9 8.2

chnical_notes.pdf for details on how the Gender Development Index is calculated.

conomic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and

ow the Gender
quality Development between
in HDI achievements Index is calculated.
women and men (absolute deviation of less than 2.5 percent), group 2 comprises coun
and men (absolute deviation of 5–7.5 percent), group 4 comprises countries with medium to low equality in HDI achievemen
etyand a decent
of more than standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2023_technical_notes.pd
10 percent).
out the infant’s life.
ersist throughout the child’s life.
of each level.
income (in 2017 purchasing power parity terms). See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2023_tec
 8.3 5,468 22,726
8.7 11,939 20,216
10.8 13,573 26,631
8.9 11,503 18,823
7.5 2,958 10,808
6.9 3,025 4,388

5.9 2,042 4,054

8.8 13,079 19,712

12.3 36,106 56,848

9.1 12,516 22,035

ICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute f

ess than 2.5 percent), group 2 comprises countries with medium to high equality in
ith medium to low equality in HDI achievements between women and men
sites/default/files/hdr2023_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the HDI is

p://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2023_technical_notes.pdf for details.

tural Organization Institute for Statistics.
Main data sources
Column 1: Calculated based on data in columns 3 and 4.
Column 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Columns 3 and 4: HDRO calculations based on data from Barro and Lee (2018), IMF (2023), UNDES
Columns 5 and 6: UNDESA (2022).
Columns 7 and 8: CEDLAS and The World Bank (2023), ICF Macro Demographic and Health Survey
Columns 9 and 10: Barro and Lee (2018), ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, OECD (202
Columns 11 and 12: HDRO calculations based on ILO (2023), IMF (2023), UNDESA (2023), United N
2018), IMF (2023), UNDESA (2022) (2023), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023), United Nations Statistics Division (2023

graphic and Health Surveys, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
ealth Surveys, OECD (2023), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2023) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
UNDESA (2023), United Nations Statistics Division (2023) and World Bank (2023).
s Statistics Division (2023) and World Bank (2023).

r Cluster Surveys.
r Cluster Surveys.