LESSON 3  Tycho Brahe

- Provided evidence that supported

 Discoveries
 Scientific Revolution
- 16th to 17th century
- It is a series of events that marked the
emergence of modern science during the
early modern period, when developments in
mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology
and chemistry transformed the views of
society about nature
- Much of these events happened in a period
now known as Intellectual Revolution
Methods in Scientific Inquiry
1. Faith
2. Religion
3. Theological
Renaissance Period
- Renaissance is a French word meaning
“rebirth”.
- Refers to a period in European civilization
that was marked by a revival of Classical
learning and wisdom. The natural world
includes plants and animals, soil, rocks,
water, air.
- Things can be described, compared and
classified on the basis of their
characteristics. Nature includes living and
non-living things. Living thins need food,
water and shelter and cam move, grow and
reproduce.
- Led scientist to question traditional beliefs
and the church about the workings of the
universe. It was a new way of thinking about
the natural world.
- Before 1500, The Bible and Aristotle was
accepted as truth
Causes or Genesis of the Scientific Revolution
1. Johannes Kepler
2. Robet Hooke
3. Isaac Newton
4. Charles Darwin
5. Nicolas Copernicus
6. Francis Bacon
7. Galileo Galilei
8. Rene Descartes
 Isaac Newton
- changed the way we understand the
Universe. Revered in his own lifetime, he
discovered the laws of gravity and motion
and invented calculus.
- He helped to shape our rational world view.
He is popularly remembered as the who saw
a apple from a tree and was inspired the
theory of gravity
Copernicus heliocentric theory
- Brahe set up an astronomical observatory-
Planets movement
 Johannes Kepler
- His calculations also showed that the planets
moved in oval shaped orbits, and not perfect
circles, as Ptolemy and Copernicus believed.
- German mathematician and astronomer who
discovered that the Earth and planets travel
around the sun in elliptical orbits
 Three fundamental laws of
planetary motion
1. Planets move in orbits
shaped like an ellipse
2. A line between a plant
and the:
3. Sun covers equal areas in
equal times
- He also did important work in optics and
geometry
 Nicolas Copernicus
- Heliocentrism
 Francis Bacon
- Leading figures of philosophy and in the
field of scientific methodology in the
modern period of transition from the
Renaissance to the early modern era.
 Rene Descartes
- French philosopher, mathematician and
scientist who invented analytical geometry
and linking the previously separate fields of
geometry and algebra.
 Charles Darwin
- Theory of Evolution
- Modern organisms evolved over long
periods of time through descent from
common ancestors
 Sigmund Freud
- An Austrian Neurologist who became
fascinated with studying hysteria
- Father of Psychoanalysis
- Psychology was considered more of an art
rather than a science
- Psychoanalysis is the study that explain
human behavior
Levels of Consciousness: Iceberg theory
1. Conscious mind – like the top of the
iceberg, only a small portion of our mind is
accessible to us.
2. Preconscious mind – material that is
unconscious, but can be easily brought into
awareness. Moves back & forth easily
between conscious & unconscious.
3. Unconscious mind – is completely outside
of our awareness (could produce anxiety if
made conscious).

Structures of Personality
1. Id – “pleasure principle”
- unconscious impulses that want to be
gratified, without regard to potential
punishment.
- Original Core of an Individual personality
- Biological Driven
- Primarily Unconscious
2. Ego “reality principle”
- tries to satisfy id impulses while minimizing
punishment & guilt.
- Self- Identity which arises out of ID
It controls voluntary motion and self-
reservation behavior
3. Superego
- the “moral principle” of our personality
which tells us right from wrong our
conscience.
- Developing out of the Ego
- Serves as conscience