Quá khứ hoàn thành

I. Khái niệm

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác
và cả hai hành động này đều đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Hành động nào xảy ra trước thì
dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng thì quá khứ đơn

II. Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại

Cách Sử Dụng Example:

 When I came, he had gone to

- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn
bed. (Khi tôi đến thì anh ta đã đi ngủ
thành trước một hành động khác trong quá
rồi.)
khứ: Thường sử dụng các từ nối như before,
 The train had left when we arrived at
after, just, when, as soon as, by the time,
the station. (Tàu đã rời đi khi chúng
until,…
tôi tới nhà ga.)

 I had gone to school before 7 a.m

- Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra một khoảng thời
gian trong quá khứ, trước một mốc thời gian
khác
yesterday. (Tôi đã đi học trước 7 giờ
sáng ngày hôm qua.)
 She had come back her hometown
before June last year. (Cô ấy đã trở về
quê trước tháng 6 năm ngoái.)

- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra như là điều
kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác trong
quá khứ
 I had work hard and was ready to pass
the exam. (Tôi đã học hành chăm chỉ
và sẵn sàng để vượt qua kỳ thi.)
 I had had a girlfriend and would
marriage to her. (Tôi có một người
 bạn gái và tôi sẽ cưới cô ấy)

 If she had told me the truth yesterday,

I would have helped her. (Nếu hôm
- Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 3, để diễn tả
qua cô ấy nói sự thật với tôi, tôi đã có
điều không có thực trong quá khứ.
thể giúp cô ấy rồi).

 I wish I had gone with you

- Dùng trong câu mong ước để diễn tả ước yesterday. (Tôi ước rằng tôi đã đi với
muốn trong quá khứ. bạn ngày hôm qua.)
Chủ từ (S) Trợ Động Từ Chia Động Từ (V3/ed)

I had (V3/ed)

we had (V3/ed)

you had (V3/ed)

they had (V3/ed)

he had (V3/ed)

she had (V3/ed)

it had (V3/ed)

Danh từ số ít had (V3/ed)

Danh từ số nhiều had (V3/ed)

(Từ + trợ động từ + Chủ từ Động Từ chính

Hỏi)

(Từ + had + I (V3/ed)

Hỏi)

(Từ + had + you (V3/ed)

Hỏi)

(Từ + had + we (V3/ed)

Hỏi)

(Từ + had + they (V3/ed)

Hỏi)

(Từ + had + he (V3/ed)

Hỏi)

(Từ + had + she (V3/ed)

Hỏi)

(Từ + had + it (V3/ed)

Hỏi)

III. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Thể Động từ “Tobe” Động từ “thường”

khẳn S+ Had+ Been+…. S + had + (V3/ed)
g Ví dụ:
định – He had gone out when I came into the house. (Anh ấy
đã đi ra ngoài khi tôi vào nhà.)

– They had finished their work right before the deadline

last week .(Họ đã hoàn thành công việc của họ ngay
trước hạn chót vào tuần trước.
phủ S+ Had not+ (V3/ed) S + had not + (V3/ed)
định
Lưu ý: hadn’t = had
not Ví dụ:

Linda hadn’t washed the dishes when her mother came

 home. (Linda vẫn chưa rửa bát khi mẹ cô ấy về đến nhà.)
We hadn’t eaten anything by the time our father
returned . (Lúc bố chúng tôi quay lại, chúng tôi vẫn chưa
ăn gì .)
nghi Câu hỏi Yes/No question
vấn Cấu trúc: Had + S + (V3/ed) ?

Trả lời: Yes, S + had./ No, S + hadn’t.

Ví dụ:

Had he left when we went to bed? (Anh ấy đã về lúc

chúng ta đi ngủ phải không ?)
Yes, he had./ No, he hadn’t.

Had your phone disappeared by the time you woke up?

(Tên trộm đã biến mất trước khi anh tỉnh dậy phải
không?)
Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t

Câu hỏi WH- question

Cấu trúc: WH-word + had + S + (V3/ed) +…?

Trả lời: S + had + (V3/ed) +…

Ví dụ:

What had you done before midnight yesterday? (Cậu đã

 làm gì trước nửa đêm hôm qua?)
How had he tried before he achieved his goal? (Trước khi
ông ấy đạt được mục tiêu của mình, ông ấy đã cố gắng
như thế nào?)

Lưu ý

Các động từ trong thì Quá khứ hoàn thành cần được chia về thì quá khứ hoặc theo bảng
động từ bất quy tắc

IV. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Trong câu có các từ:

+ When: Khi

- Eg:

 When they arrived at the airport, her flight had taken off. (Khi họ tới sân bay,
chuyến bay của cô ấy đã cất cánh.)


When I got up this morning, my father had already left.

+ Before: Trước khi

=> Trước “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và sau “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ
đơn.

- Eg:

 He had done her homework before his mother asked his to do so. (Anh ấy đã làm
bài tập về nhà trước khi mẹ anh ấy yêu cầu anh ấy làm.)
  Before I went to school, my mother had packed me a lunch. (Trước khi tôi tới
trường, mẹ đã đóng gói bữa trưa cho tôi.)


+ After: sau khi

=> Trước “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn
thành.)

- Eg:

 They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken. (Họ về nhà sau khi đã
ăn một con gà quay lớn.)

+ By the time: Vào thời điểm

- Eg:

 He had cleaned the house by the time her mother came back. (Cậu ấy đã lau xong
nhà vào thời điểm mẹ cậu ấy trở về.)
 By the time they broke up, they had lived with each other for 3 years. (Trước khi
họ chia tay, họ đã sống với nhau được 3 năm.)
 By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for five years.

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường được dùng kèm với các giới từ và liên từ như:

o Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, ...
o Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …
Ví dụ:

o When I got up this morning, my father had already left.

o By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for five years.
1.Qua vị trí cùng các liên từ với các vị trí và cách dùng như sau
o When: Khi
Ví dụ: When they arrived at the airport, her flight had taken off. (Khi họ tới sân bay,
chuyến bay của cô ấy đã cất cánh.)
o Before: trước khi (Trước “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và sau “before”
sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.)
Ví dụ: She had done her homework before her mother asked her to do so. (Cô ấy đã làm
bài tập về nhà trước khi mẹ cô ấy yêu cầu cô ấy làm như vậy.)
o After: sau khi (Trước “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau “after” sử dụng thì
quá khứ hoàn thành.)
Ví dụ: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken. (Họ về nhà sau khi
đã ăn một con gà quay lớn.)
2. Nhận biết qua ngữ cảnh
Bạn có thể nhận biết được thì Quá khứ hoàn thành qua ngữ cảnh nhờ những câu dưới
đây:

o When we got home last night. We found that somebody had broken into the flat.
Tối qua khi chúng tôi về nhà, chúng tôi phát hiện ra có ai đó đã đột nhập vào ngôi
nhà.
o Karen didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the
film. Karen đã không muốn đi xem film với chúng tôi vì cô ấy đã xem bộ phim
(trước đó) rồi.
o At first I thought I’d done the right, but soon I realised that I’d made a serious
mistake. Thoạt tiên tôi nghĩ là tôi đã làm điều đúng đắn nhưng chẳng bao lâu sau
tôi nhận ra là tôi đã phạm phải một sai lầm nghiêm trọng.
o The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn’t flown
before./ He had never flown before. Người đàn ông ngồì cạnh tôi trên máy bay đã
rất hồi hộp. Trước đó anh ấy chưa đi máy bay./ Trước giờ anh ấy chưa bao giờ
bay.
 V. Bài tập

Bài 1: chuyển sang dạng phủ định

1. He had bought this pen before he went to bed last night.

2. Candy had washed the dishes.

3. She had written a report.

4. Chung had done his exercise by noon.

5. We had finished the report before we had a test.

6. He had seen this movie before John called.

7. After John had cleaned the house, John went to school.

8. After my brother had washed his clothes, he studied.

9. Tinny had ironed the clothes by noon.

10. My sister had brushed her teeth before she went to bed last night.
Bài 2: Để ghi nhớ hoàn toàn những kiến thức phía trên, bây giờ chúng ta hãy cùng vận
dụng kiến thức để làm một bài tập nho nhỏ về chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành
nhé. Bài tập có câu trúc rất cơ bản nên chắc chắn là bạn sẽ dễ dàng hoàn thành thôi.

 When David came, everybody ________ (leave).

 He ________ (already/watch) the movie, so he wouldn’t want to see it again.
 My kids didn’t eat anything at the party because they _________ (eat) dinner at
home.
 The motorbike burned just after it ______ (crash) into the tree.
 John _______ (not/complete) his homework by the deadline, so he called his
teacher to tell that he would submit it late.
 She didn’t cry because she _______ (know) the truth.

Bài 3 : Trắc nghiệm

1. He _______ (marry) her two years before we met.

A. had been marrying

B. had married

2.James told me you ________ (buy) the old vicarage two years before your

son’s birth.

A. had bought

B. had been buying

3. I wish we ________ (buy) had bought it before.

A. had bought

B. had been buying

4. When I arrived at the station, the train _________ (leave).

A. had been living

B. had left

5. He _______ (play) tennis for 4 hours when he broke his leg.

A. had played

B. had been playing

6. The dog came into the house once she ________ (finish) the housework.

A. had finished

B. had been finishing

7. He ____________ (drive) his car for 10 minutes when he realized it had a

flat tyre.

A. had driven

B. had been driving

8. She ______ (throw) the letter away when she noticed it was not important.

A. had thrown

B. had been throwing

9. He ________ (swim) for 15 minutes when he understood he had lost his

swimsuit.

A. had swim

B. had been swimming

Bài 4: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. They (come) …………….. back home after they (finish) …………………

their work.

2. She said that she ( meet) ……………………. Mr. Bean before.

3. Before he (go) ………………………….. to bed, he (read)

………………………… a novel.

4. He told me he (not/wear) ………………………… such kind of clothes before.

5. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ………………………………….

6. Before she (listen) ………………….. to music, she (do)…………………….

homework.

7. Last night, Peter (go) ………………….. to the supermarket before he (go)

………………… home.
Bài 5: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi sử dụng từ gợi ý cho sẵn.

1. David had gone home before we arrived. – After

……………………………………………………………………………………
.

2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops. – Before

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office. –
When……………………………………………………………………………
……….

4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work. – By the time
…………………………………………………………………………….

5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came
home. – Before
………………………………………………………………………………….

Bài 6: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành

1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we ______ (build).

2. He ______ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
3. When she went out to play, she ______ (do / already) her homework.
4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum _____ (make) .
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he ______ (put on) six weeks before.
6. The waiter brought a drink that I _______ (not / order).
7. I could not remember the poem we _______ (learn) the week before.
 8. The children collected the chestnuts that _____ (fall) from the tree.
9. ________ (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
10. She ______ (not / ride) a horse before that day.
11. Kevin ______ (go) home by the time I arrived.
12. Ethan suddenly realised that he _____ (leave) his laptop on the train.
13. Mum was annoyed because I ______ (not clean) my room.
14. _______ (they / study) English before they went to the USA?
15. We were hungry because we ______ (not eat).

Bài 7 Khoanh tròn dạng đúng của động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn
thành sau cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh câu

1. The robbers left / had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived / had
arrived.
2. When the rain started / had started , the Atkinsons finished / had
finished planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca went / had gone into the store , she got / had got soaked.
4. Darcey saw / had seen this castle before she came / had come again last
Sunday.
5. Mr.Palmer didn’t speak / hadn’t spoken any Chinese before he moved / had
moved to Peking.
6. Sonny got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached / had
reached the hospital.
7. When my mother brought / had brought me an apple , I finished / had
finished my homework.
8. Mrs.Wilkinson refused / had refused to drive the car because she had / had
had a terrible accident on the highway about a year ago.
9. I didn’t think / hadn’t thought of having a new house before I saw / had
seen that ad on TV.
 10. My uncle didn’t try / hadn’t tried Italian food before went / had gone to that
restaurant.

Bài 8: Chọn đáp án có ý nghĩa giống với câu gốc

1. I had already seen the film but I decided to watch it again last night.
a. I watched the film last night for the first time.
b. Last night wasn’t the first time that I had seen the film.

2. The boys were playing football while it was raining.

a. The boys were playing football until it started to rain.
b. The boys played football in the rain.

3. I was writing an e-mail when our computer broke down.

a. Our computer broke down before I wrote an e-mail.
b. I had started writing an e-mail and then our computer broke down.

4. My aunt bought me a lovely gift after she had spent the summer holiday with us.
a. When the summer holiday was over, my aunt bought me a lovely gift.
b. While my aunt was spending the summer holiday with us, she bought us a lovely gift

Bài 9: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành

1. After I _____________________ the letter, I _____________________ that I

_____________________ the wrong address on it. (POST, REALISE, WRITE)
2. John asked me where I _____________________ the day before. (BE)
3. At this time yesterday, we ___________________________ for 6 km.
(ALREADY WALK)
 4. When I _____________________ through the streets of Madrid, I
_____________________ about the magnificent time I
_____________________ there as a student. (WALK, THINK, SPEND)

5. It was the first time that she _____________________ me to dinner. (INVITE)

6. As soon as the maid _____________________ scrubbing the kitchen floor, she
_______________ working in the garden. (FINISH, START)

7. We started to worry about Jimmy because we _____________________ him all

afternoon. (CALL)

8. They _____________________ their way out of town before the sun

_____________________.
(ALREADY MAKE, RISE)
9. We _____________________ for two hours when we finally got to our hotel.
(DRIVE)
10. When I _____________________ home, I saw that the children
_______________________.(ARRIVE, LEAVE)

Bài 10: Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau bằng cách chia động từ ở chỗ trống

Until a few years ago, no one 1.. ………….. (hear) of Harry Potter, the young wizard
and hero of the children’s book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. The writer, J
K Rowling, 2. ………….. (already / write) several stories and books, but this was the
first book that was published. She 3. …………… (get) the idea for the story of a wizard
at magic school while she 4. ………. (travel) on a train to London. By the time the train
5. ……………………………… (reach) King’s Cross station, she 6.
……………………………… (invent) most of the characters. When the book was
published in 1997, no one 7. ……………………………… (imagine) it would be such a
tremendous success, but it quickly 8…..(become) a bestseller. While millions of young
readers in many countries 9. ……… (enjoy) her first Harry Potter book, J K Rowling
10. ……………………………… (think) of ideas for the next book in this incredibly
popular series.

Bài 11: đặt câu với các từ cho sẵn và chia ở thể khẳng định và phủ định

1. had built

2. had not been

3. had already done

4. had made

5. had put on

6. had not ordered

7. had learned

8. had fallen

9. Had he phoned

10. had not ridden

11. had gone

12. had left

13. had not cleaned

 14. Had they studied

15. had not eaten

bài 12. Hoàn thành câu

1. When Hoa arrived at the theater, the film ____________(start).
2. He ____________ (live) in Laos before He went to Vietnam.
3. After Lan ____________ (eat) the cake, Lan began to feel sick.
4. If he ____________ (listen) to me, he would have got the job.
5. Linh didn’t arrive until I ____________ (leave).
6. After they ____________ (finish) lunch, they went out.
7. The tree was dead because it ____________ (be) arid all summer.
8. I ____________ (meet) him somewhere before.
9. They were late for the flight because they ____________ (forget) their passports.
10. Linh told me she ____________ (study) a lot before the exam.
11. The leaf was yellow because it ____________ (not/rain) all summer.
12. The lamp went off because I ____________ (not/pay) the electricity bill.
13. Hoa____________ (not/do) her homework, so she was in trouble.
14. She ____________ (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.
15. I couldn’t go into the cinema because I ____________ (not/bring) my tickets.
16. He said that He ____________ (not/visit) the US before.
17. Hoa and Lan ____________ (not/meet) before the exam.
18. I ____________ (not/have) lunch when she arrived.
19. She ____________ (not/use) smartphone before, so I showed her how to use it.
20. Linh ____________ (not/study) for the exam, so she was very anxious.
Bài 13. Hoàn thành câu
1. The tornado destroyed the tent that we (build) ____________.
2. She (not / be) ____________ to Hanoi before 2018.
3. When he went out to play, he (do / already) ____________ his homework.
4. My sister ate all of the cake that our mum (make) ____________ .
5. The nurse took off the plaster that she (put on) ____________ six weeks before.
6. The waitress brought a drink that I (not / order) ____________ .
7. I could not remember the song we (learn) ____________ three week before.
8. The children collected mangos that (fall) ____________ from the tree.
9. (she / phone) ____________ Nam before she went to see him in Laos?
10. He (not / ride) ____________ a elephants before that day
Bài 14. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai (nếu có)
1. I had finished lunch before my parents come.
2. By the time I had found the key, I hadn’t got into the house.
3. Up until that moment, my younger sister never believed in love.
4. Sunny ate dinner so she wasn’t hungry.
5. When Bob graduated in university, he was in New York for 5 years.
6. She wishes her friends didn’t go to bed so early.
7. My boyfriend didn’t meet me when I arrived.
Bài 15. Bài tập khoanh vào đáp án đúng nhất của thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1. By the time he came home, we ……. ( sleep)
A. had sleep

B.had slept

C. slept

D.have sleep

2. I watched movie after I …….(complete) my homework.

A. have completed

B. had complete

C. had completed

D. completed

3. My father ……..(go) out when my sister arrived in the zoo .

A. goes

B. have gone

C. has gone

D. had gone

4. I ………(study) a little English before I went to Singapore.

A. study

B. had studied

C. had study

D. have studied

5. Alice ________ a Vietnamese until he met Nam.

A. had never met

B. have never met

C. never met

D. never have met

6. Before we took a look around the shops, we …..(have) lunch.

A. had had

B. had

C. have had

D. have

7. (where / she / live)…… before she moved to Shanghai?

A. Where did she live

B. Where had she lived

C. Where had she live

D. Where she had lived

8. Before I went to bed, I …….(brush) my teeth

A. have brushed

B. had brushed

C. brushed

D. brush

9. Before my mother came home, my brother…… (prepare) food on the table.

 A. had prepared

B. have prepared

C. prepared

D. had prepare

10. If she …… (tell) me the truth yesterday, I would have helped her.
A. have tell

B. had told

C.to

D. tell

Bài 16. Bài tập nâng cao thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1. I was exhausted at the end of the test. I (write) ____________ for over three hours.
2. When thieves stole my favourite leather wallet, I was really upset. I (have)
____________ it for over five years.
3. Please step out of the truck, Mr.Đạt. Do you realise you (drive) ____________ at over
100mph?
4. We didn’t really want to go and see the film again. We (already see) ____________ it
twice – so we said “no” and we went to a shopping mall instead!
5. I arrived over two hours late to the office and everyone in my company was working.
Actually, they (work) ____________ for over three hours on the new project and I felt
really guilty.
6. The kitchen was full of pans when we arrived. Loan was in the kitchen and she (cook)
____________ a big meal for everyone at the party.
7. It was a bit discomfiture to arrive at their house and find Linh looking so depressed. I
think she (cry) ____________ before I got there.
8. No-one even noticed when he got home. They (all watch) ____________ the favorite
show on television.