By Himanshu Khatri

CONTEXT
During Reform movements PrintCulture developed 4 there was
stress on Reason Rationality Science

JOHN MALCOLM Governor

ofBombay 1827 30

was a RADICAL social Reforms in India

was in the group of

Thomas Munro Elphinstone METCALFE

believed in Doctrine of Reason Humanism Progress

i pushed for Western education western science philosophy

CHARLES METCALFE3536 AGI 183536 after Bentick2835

A Carried out reforms of Liberation
of
Press

1812 46 BAL
SHASTRI Jambhekar
Newspaper

BalaShastri Jambhekar Profile toJournalist Darpan

in Bombay
Ideology
1
1stProfofHINDI
father
ofMarathi Journalism
ELPHINSTON
Socio Religious COLLEGE
Bombay
a Brahmanicalorthodoxy
4triedto reform Hinduism
4 journalism was his majortool Director COLABAftp.foeary

Scientifictemperament
Scientificsubject
Tools Newspapers
DARPAN AND darshan
pig articleso Historical

Jambhekar
sexy
sci Native Improvement Society
Bombay Native
General Library which setup
student literary4Scientific
library

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

Use Social Reform

of Rationality for
HenryVivian DeRozio's Young Benaal 1839

Atheism o A everything WesternScience Social Reforms

Failure is Alien to indigenous culture

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By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri
RAJA RAMMOHAN ROY

Indian Renaissance Mout began with RAJA RAMMOMAN

ROY FATHER of MODERN India
He HAD TRAINING in VEDANTA Texts 4 Came to Bengal in1815
Where he studied about Christianity and Western ideas
He Qed ChristianSuperiority on basis OF his STUDY OF VEDANTA
Texts of Christianity
His response to civilizational critidue was a call
to GO BACK TO PAST PURITY OF VEDANTIC TRADITION
i e
He condemned
I 1
IDOLATOR's Priestcraft Polytheism Sati
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Banned BY
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His he
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FATHER OF MODERN India For Bentick in 1829

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2835
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Translated UPnishADs to BANGLA

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to Prove that Hinduism Favors

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Monotheism ie One GOD

He collaborated with Br men like DAVID MARE EnaEDUCATION

2835
4 Officials dire LORD Bentick to Further social reforms

FOR his work he BEGAN BRAHMO SAMAJ 1828

ROY was SUPPORTED BY DEBENDRANATH TAGORE
DwarakaNath Tamore industrialist Dada
ROY Died in 1833 Debendranath Thaore Reformer Papa
RABINDRANATH TAGORE
By Himanshu Khatri y
 By Himanshu Khatri

RAJA RAM MOHAN ROY died in 1833

Profile
IDEOLOGY o L Idolatory a L PriestCraft a Sati a Polytheism

as Casteism Pro WesternEducation 4 Reason

Castedivides i Indians lack modern nationalism as lackunityof

sense of Indianness

Religious reform is most

for socialreform of high importance
in Indian social life
of religion
Sati is murder according to every Shastra

Monotheism All Religions are same 4 there is

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only one god All GODS are same

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SeparationofPowers
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ROY demanded
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Charter 1833 one law member

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died1833
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Charter 1853 SOP via more Legal

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members
Similar DMDS OF

Derozio'sYoungBement Freedom
of Press
o Linn
ossman
CHARTER 1833 Indians in Lower Bar
1853 Exam for CCS
Aed to Ics in 1892

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri
BRAHMO SAMAJ 1828
It became a major religious movt based on Monotheism
AMONG MIDDLE class EDUCATED BENGALIS i.e Didnt Reach masses
Neither DID They try e.g Roy's LANG was ChasteSanskritisedBenantiProse
From 1833T Debendranath TAGORE LED BRAHMO SAMAJ
He GAVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRENGTH To Brahmo Samaj

Role of Bigos Krishna Goswami Reconciled BRAHMOism with

48605 Vaishnavism

ROLE OF KESHUB CHANDRA SEN 18605

TOOK BRAHMO SAMAJ Movt to outside Calcutta among

Non westernized Benaracis

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elite calculite circle

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tools Bennal
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i e he i.e his were missionaries activities

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PROPAGATED BRAMOISM
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He WORKED on Social REFORMS I brought Radicalism

to the Social Reform movt by
i attacking caste system 4 Promoting InterCaste MARRIA
GU
I Focusing on Women's oriants

Iii Promotina widow Remarriage

du Raising A 0h Caste OF Brahmo Preachers d e

Why they should only Be Brahmans

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

IshwarChandra Vidyasagar 1820 51

BANDHOPADHYAY

IDCOLOI

Believed in Reason Rationalism i rejected otherworldliness

I have no time to think about God s focus was on

social reform atheism

BORN 26Sep 1820 in Bengal WAS A PRODIGY STUDIED SANSKRIT

LITERATURE For YEARS HADSHIFTED TOCALCUTTA ATYOUNG AGE 4 m a widow

was his caregiver Passed Hindu Law Committee exam

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Title VIDYASAGAR of intellinence in 1839

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STUDIED ENGLISH Sanskrit 4 BANGLA

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From money From AWARDS GOT Printed

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SETUP SCHOOL
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Copies Of Rare Sanskrit Texts

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MADE EFFORTS At improving Sanskrit Literature q

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FOR Learning it via Bangla LANGUAGE

Wanted Western Sciences culture in Vernacular LANGUAGE

1846 ADDITIONAL SECRETARY Then PRINCIPAL OF FORT WILLIAMS
College Implemented Reforms
eG Threatened Resignation if lower castes not Allowed into college
Inspector of schools in Bengal
SCHOOLS
o Setup 20 Model SCHOOLS 0 Ended Physical Punishment in underhim

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

o Believed That Girl education is ONLY WAY To Uplift

The Society
0 NOV 1857 MAY 1858 Opened 35 Schools For Female education
d 1300 Aires Studied Here At any time

No Fee t Free Books t Free TRANSPORT to SCHOOLS

o Believed THAT only education is Route to modernization

0 WAS ALSO PRINCIPAL OF SANSKRIT COLLEGE CALCUTTA

A widow remarriaue
o wrote Book in 1855 on miseries of widowhood
c petition with 1000 sinnatures To Govt For A Law on widow
Remarriage
o 26 JULY 1856 Hindu Widow Remarriages Act m
1st marriage on 7 Dec 1856
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o MARRIED His Son To A WIDOW i Followed his principles in

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Personal Life
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POLYGAMY
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1855 petition with 25000 Jinnatures FOR Ban on POLYGAMY

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I LG OF BENGAL
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LOBBIED

187141873 2 BOOKS 27 POLYGAMY

FATHER Of modern BANGLA PROSE

AS Per TAGORE Biggest contribution of VIDYASAGAR WASTO Benhali

LANGUAGE

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

BioDATA MG RANADE Ideology and WORK

18421901
Student Pro Maratha identity wrote book titled
ofElphinstone
Colleae Bombay Rise MarathaPower
of
Scholar Author f Pro Women worked for
Reformer
EDUCATION Widow Remarriage a Child
Bombay HighCourtJudge marriage
Member
ofBombay Setup Maharashtra GirlsEducation Society
Legislative Council with
Edited InduPrakash RGBhandarkar
an anglomarathi weekly

with RGBhandarkar ORhanizAiions setup associated

co
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Founder
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Mainforce behind INDIAN NATIONAL SocialConference

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1stsession alongside INCMADRAS

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PRARTHNASAMAJ
fo

session of 1887
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1867 Founder
of
Father OF Indian 1870 POONA SARVAJANIK SABHA

Economics Focus on RIGHTSOFPEASANTS

RELIGIOUS Questions
a Criticof Dr policies Prominent members included were not Discussed

URGED Boi For Industrialization BALGANGADHARTILAK GopalHari Om's Focus

STATE WELFARE Programs Deshmukh Was SocialReform

Awarded Companion a PRECURSOR ORGANIZATION To INC
ofOrder
ofIndianEmpire For workin a
committee on Fiscalstability

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

GOPAL HARI DESHMUKH 1823 92 Maharashtra

aka LOKHITAVADI

ideology
SocialReform is
first priority above religion 4
Social Reform then Dthe Religion
if scriptures a

i Reliaion is made by man

JyotiBHA Phule 1827 90 aka JyotiRAO

Phole

ideology C Child marriage

lower castes
Reformer of the m
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STRONG critic of caste system

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WORKED OF GIRL CHILD

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By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

183486 RAMAKRISHNA PARAMHANSA Represent intermediate

STAGE to
Swami VIVEKANANDA Mort 18800 Revivalism

RAMAKRISHNA NOT a Revivalist

WAS UNTOUCHED BY WESTERN IDEAS of EDUCATION

Ramakrishna popular
among Educated Bengalis who hated
DRUDHERY
Of new clerical JOBS
No Direct Reference To Colonial Role Yet Rejection Of
Western VALUES inherent
POPULAR REFORMISM we are uncivilized
METHOD a Renunciation of CHAKRI
co
m or cycle of DailyRoutine
MEDITATION
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unity OF all Religions

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Monotheism one GOD

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By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri
VIVEKANANDA NOT a Revivalist 1863 1902
Student of RAMAKRISHNA

Superiority of Hinduism yet not Revivalism HADUniversalism

Reform MOUTS ARE Elitist Focus on masses via SocialService

A Best WAY to serve GOD Serve POOR PPL

i FOUNDED

RAMAKRISHNA Mission 1897 Deepa Religious YetSECULAR

SUPREMACY OF VEDAS
Other
Focus on some Hindu Rituals He Focus on MASCULINITY OF

FAITH in GLORY OF Hindu civilization Indians via focus on

m physical
EHowpeaeneration in Recent Times fitness
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CULTURAL PATRIOTISM
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MONOTHEISM
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critic of Gender oppression

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1 a BRAHMAN's 11
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Missionary 2cal
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create army of followers who spread msg of

VEDANTA VPNishADS BUDDHA Jesus

A PHILOSOPHY OF VEDANTA will make a Christian a better Christian

i NOT Focus on conversion

NOT JUST Meditation But Action Service To POOR GD

LIBERTY EQUALITY Free Thinking Service of Jiva is

worship of Siva
By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri
ORGANIZATIONAL STRENGTH

TODAY Runs schools Dispensaries Relief WORK Hospitals

NOT a IDOLATORY as images Help Develop Reliuious FERVOUR

WAS MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN ARYA SAMAJ 1825

ATTENDED parliament of Religions Chicago 1893

BALANCE MUST Bcw SPIRITUALISM i BLEND EAST WEST FOR

MATERIALISM WELFARE OF MANKIND

NEVER GAVE POLITICAL MSG Purely CULTURAL Nationalism

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Bose called him Spiritual FATHER of INM in BENGAL

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Revivalist capturedViveka
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OF hisBelief in
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SUPREMACY OF VEDAS
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Focus on some Hindu RITUALS

FAITH in GLORY OF Hindu civilization

HowDeaeneration in Recent Times

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

BankimChandra Chatterjee
1838 99

Ideology
Focus on secular use HAD a Hindu secular
of religion
outlook W o RELIGION's Revival No Revival Of INDIA
BUT NOT ORTHODOX Hinduism But RATIONAL Hinduism
PORTRAYED KRISHNA AS MODERN Politician Nation
Builder
NOVEL ANANDAMATH 1882 1 notion of

MOTHERGODDESS

COMPOSED BANDE MATARAM m OR BHARAT MATA

Became tanthem
co

of INM
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By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri
AKSHAY KUMAR DUTT 1820 66

Logy o L childmarriage
Cited medical opinion a CHILD MARRIAGE

HAD ADVANCE THOUGHTS ABOUT MARRIAGE viz Courtship

EQUALITY
4 PARTNERSHIP in MARRIAGE Divorce byLAW4Custom

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By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

SYED AHMED KHAN 1817 1898

pioneer
Aligarh Mort
Focus was on Muslims FavoredBoink
Ideology
oProHMunit butantiINC
0 Better education thou
out of loveasthe Party ofHindus 0 Social Reforms
4 i Powerto Inc will Powerto a
jobs for Muslims among
Muslims
Nation Eofindividualcitizens
but
0 Pro modernization sofaaums
4 m showed aa morepower C Purdah Polygamy
w o beinatheQaumthatruledIndia
abandoning
beforeEnglish widow remarriage
Islam
women education
c divorce

WORK
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0 Est Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College aka AMU 1875

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AbdulMajid Khwaja
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Maulana Mehmed Hasan

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contrast main player Md Ali

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Khan DrMukhtarAhmed
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Hakim Ajmal Ansari

JAMIA MILIA ISLAMIA formed on basisof
est 1920
in AntiColonial ProIndependence
Aligarh Islamic activism ideology of
United Provinces western educated
earlier newprovinces referKhilafat
radical

Moe
By Himanshu Khatri call
nationalis­t q Nem
bybreakout faction at Amo AMU was proBritish when
Setup
students to leave Brsupportedcolleges