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KINEMATICS EDUNITI
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Distance BC  v t AC  u x t BC

1. A point moves rectilinearly with a resisting acceleration that v t BC 2 2

    2( 2  1)
u x t AC 2  2
depends on the velocity v of the particle as a   v1 2 where
 is a positive constant. At t = 0, the velocity is v . What 3. Two inclined planes OA and OB having inclination (with hori-
0
distance will it traverse before it stops? What time will it take to zontal) 30o and 60o respectively, intersect each other at O as shown
cover that distance? in fig.
v
dv t
Solution a  dv  v1 2       dt
12
dt v0 v 0

 2( v  v 0 )   t
When v  0 , t  2 v0 

Hence, the particle will stop at time t 0  2 v 0 

From above,
2 s0 t0 2
A particle is projected from point P with velocity
     
v   v0  t    ds    v 0  t  dt u  10 3 ms1 along a direction perpendicular to plane OA. If the
 2  0 0
2 
particle strikes plane OB perpendicularly at Q, calculate the
t0
2   
3 (a) time of flight.
 s0    v0  t  (b) speed with which particle strikes the plane OB.
3  2 
0 (c) vertical height h of P from O.
 3  (d) distance PQ.
2   2 v 0 

3 
v0  
2  
  
3
v0  0 

(e) maximum height from O, attained by the particle.
   Solution u  10 3 m s 1
For the path P  Q,
 2  
   v 03 2 u  u (cos 60 o î  sin 60 o ĵ) = 5 3 î  15 ĵ
 3 
  
v  u  a t  (5 3 î  15 ĵ)  (10 ĵ) t  5 3 î  (15  10t ) ĵ
2. A stone is projected from the point on a ground in such a    
direction so as to hit a bird on the top of a telegraph post of (a) Since u  v, u.v  0
height h and then attain the maximum height 2h above the ground.  (5 3 î  15 ˆj). [5 3 î  (15  10 t ) ĵ]  0
If at the instant of projection, the bird were to fly away horizontally
with a uniform speed, find the ratio between the horizontal  75  15 (15  10 t )  0  t  2 sec
velocities of the bird and the stone, if the stone still hits the bird 
(b) v  5 3 î  (15  10  2) ĵ  5 3 î  5 ĵ
while descending.
Solution Let ux and uy be respectively the initial horizontal and 
 | v |  (5 3 ) 2  5 2  10 m s 1
vertical velocities of the stone and v be the velocity of the bird.
If t is the time taken by stone to reach from A to B or C, then (c) x  u x t  5 3  2  10 3 m,
1 2 u 2y 1 1
h  u yt  gt and 2h  y  u y t  g t 2  15  2   10  2 2  10 m
2 2g 2 2
u 2y 1 2 OP cos 30o  OQ cos 60o  x
  2 (u y t  gt )  2 g 2t 2  4u y gt  u 2y  0
2g 2 and OQ sin 60o  OP sin 30 o  y
u y  4  16  8  u y 3 OQ 3 OP
 t   (2  2 )  OP   10 3 and OQ   10
g  4  2g
 2 2 2 2
On solving, we get OP = 10 m and OQ = 10 3 m

 h  OP sin 30o  10  1 / 2  5m

(d) Distance PQ  x 2  y 2  (10 3 ) 2  10 2  20 m

uy uy
 t AB  (2  2 ), t AC  (2  2 )
2g 2g u 2 sin 2 60o (10 3 ) 2  (3 / 4)
(e) H    11.25 m
uy 2g 2  10
t BC  t AC  t AB 
(2 2 ) Maximum height from O attained by particle is
2g
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H  h  11.25  5  16.25 m g 2
 y x ..... (2)
2u 2
4. A particle is projected with a velocity of 30 m/s at an angle 60° (a) From equations (1) and (2), we have
above the horizontal on a slope of inclination 30°. Find its range,
2g g 3g 2
time of flight and angle of hit. (Take fg = 10 m/s2) 3x x2   x2  3x x
Solution Let X and Y axes be as shown in figure. u 2
2u 2
2u 2
2
2u 2  (5 3 ) 2
 x  5 3 m.
3g 3 10
On substituting in eqn (2), we get
10
y  (5 3 ) 2  5 m .
2  (5 3 ) 2
u v a s t
X-axis u cos 30 o vx  g sin 30o R T The coordinates of point P are (5 3m,5 m)
(b) Time taken by the first and second shots respectively are
Y-axis u sin 30o vy  g cos 30o 0 T
x 5 3
1 t1    2 sec and
Along Y-axis, 0  u sin 30 T  g cos 30o T 2
o u cos  (5 3 ) 1 / 2
2
x 5 3
2u 2  30 1 t2    1 sec .
 T tan 30o    2 3s u (5 3 )
g 10 3
The time interval between the two firings is
v y  u sin 30o  g cos 30o T  30  1 / 2  10  3 / 2  2 3
t1  t 2  2  1  1 sec
 15 m/s
Along X-axis, 6. The speed of the particle when it is at greatest height is A
1
R  u cos 30o T  g sin 30o T 2 body is 2 / 5 times the speed when it is at half of its greatest
2
3 1 1 height. Find the angle of projection.
 30   2 3   10   (2 3 ) 2 Solution
2 2 2
Y
v x  u cos 30o  g sin 30o T
 30  3 / 2  10 1 / 2  2 3  5 3 m/s
If the angle of hit is , then
tan   | v y / v x |  | 15 / 5 3 |  3
u 2 sin 2 
   60 o H
2g

5. Two guns, situated on the top of a tower, fire one shot each At height H/2,
with the same speed 5 3 m s– 1 at some interval of time. The first v x  u cos  and v 2y  ( u sin ) 2  2 ( g ) H / 2
gun fires upward at an angle of 60o with the horizontal and the u 2 sin 2  u 2 sin 2 
second gun fires horizontally. The shots collide in air at point P.  v 2y  u 2 sin 2   gH  u 2 sin 2   
2 2
Find
(a) the coordinates of point P. u 2 sin 2 
v  v 2x  v 2y  u 2 cos 2  
(b) the time interval between the firings. 2
Take the origin of the coordinate system at the point of the At height H, speed is v x  u cos 
firing and trajectories in the x-y plane.
It is given that vx  2 / 5 v
Solution For the first shot,
2 sin 2 
u  5 3 m s 1 and   60 o  u cos    u cos 2  
5 2
g
y  x tan   x2 2  2 sin 2  
2u cos 2 
2  cos 2   cos   
5  2 
2g
 y 3x x2 ..... (1)  5 cos 2   2 cos 2   sin 2   3 cos 2   sin 2 
u2
For the second shot, u  5 3 m s 1 and   0o

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 tan 2   3    sin 1 2/3 H v 2 sin 2  H

 and l  (v cos ) t  v cos 
2 2g g

7. A body is thrown at an angle  with the horizontal such that it  v sin   gH and v cos   gl 2 / H
attains a speed equal to 2 / 3 times the speed of projection  v 2 (sin 2   cos2 )  gH  gl 2 / H
when the body is at half to its maximum height. Find the angle 
Solution gH H
Y and tan   
gl / H2 l

 l2  H
 v  gH 1  2  and   tan 1
 H  l
 
u 2 sin 2 
H 9. At what angle  above the horizon should a stone be thrown
2g
from a steep bank for it to fall into the water as far as possible
At height H/2,
from the bank? The height of the bank h = 20 m and the initial
v x  u cos  and v 2y  ( u sin ) 2  2 ( g ) H / 2 velocity of the stone u = 15 ms–1. (Take g = 10 ms–2)
Solution
u 2 sin 2  u 2 sin 2 
 v 2y  u 2 sin 2   gH  u 2 sin 2   
2 2

u 2 sin 2 
v  v 2x  v 2y  u 2 cos 2  
2
It is given that v  2/3 u

2 sin 2 
 u  u cos 2   For the path A  B , from equation of trajectory , we have
3 2
g
 h  (tan  ) R  2
(1  tan 2  ) R 2
2 sin 2  sin 2  2u
  cos 2    1
3 2 2  g R 2 tan 2   2 u 2 R tan   (gR 2  2hu 2 )  0
   sin 1 2/3 For tan  to have real roots, Discriminant  0
 (2Ru 2 ) 2  4gR 2 (gR 2  2hu 2 )  0
8. A body falls freely from some altitude H. At the moment the
first body starts falling, another body is thrown from the  u 4  g 2 R 2  2ghu 2  0
ground which collides with the first at an altitude h = H/2.
u u 2  2gh
The horizontal distance covered by the second body is l.  R
Find the initial velocity and the angle at which it was thrown. g

15  152  2 10  20
 R max   37.5 m
10
v
H 10. Two swimmers start a race. One who reaches point C first on
h the other bank wins the race. A makes his strokes in a direction
of 37o to the river flow with velocity 5km/hr relative to water. B

makes his strokes in a direction 127o to the river flow with same
 relative velocity. River is flowing with speed of 2km/hr and is
Solution Let t be the time after which the bodies collide. 100m wide. Who will win the race? Compute the time taken by A
For the first body, and B to reach the point C if the speeds of A and B on the ground
H 1 2 H are 8 km/hr and 6 km/hr respectively.
H  gt  t Solution
2 2 g
For the second body,

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12. An aircraft is flying horizontally with a constant velocity u
= 200m/s, at a height = 1km above the ground. At the moment
shown, a bomb is released from the aircraft and the cannon-gun
below fires a shell with initial speed of 200 m/s, at some angle  .
(a) For what value of '  ' will the projectile shell destroy the
Let tA and tB be respectively the times taken be A and B to cross bomb in mid-air?
the river.The velocity of A in horizontal direction is (b) If the value of  is 53o, find the minimum distance between
the bomb and the shell as they fly past each other.
5 cos 37 o  2  6 km / hr (Take sin 53o = 4/5.)
and in vertical direction is
5 sin 37 o  3 km / hr
The velocity of B in horizontal direction is
5 cos 53o  2  1 km / hr
and in vertical direction is
Solution Here, u = 200 m/s.
5 sin 53o  4 km / hr The acceleration of shell w.r.t. to the bomb is zero. Its horizontal
and vertical velocities with respect to bomb are respectively
0.1 1
 tA   hr  120 s and v x  u (1  cos ) and v y  u sin 
3 30
(a) If shell destroys the bomb at time t, then
0 .1 1
tB   hr  90 s 3 km 1km
4 40 t 
u (1  cos ) u sin 
The horizontal distances covered by A and B in these times are
respectively  3 sin 2   (1  cos ) 2
6  1 / 30  0.2km  200 m and 1 1 / 40  0.025 km  25 m  3 (1  cos )(1  cos )  (1  cos ) 2
The balance distances that A and B will walk after reaching the  3 (1  cos )  1  cos 
other side are respectively
s A  300  200  100 m and s B  125  25  100 m  cos   1 / 2    60o
The time taken by them to walk are respectively (b) If   53o , then v x  200 (1  0.6)  320 m / s
0.1 1 0 .1 1
t A   hr  45 s and t B   hr  60 s and v y  200  0.8  160 m / s
8 80 6 60
The total time taken to reach point C by A is
t A  t A  120  45  165 s

and by B is t B  t B  90  60  150 s
Therefore, B will win the race.
vy 1
11. During a rainy day, rain is falling vertically with a velocity 2 m  tan   
vx 2
s– 1. A boy at rest starts his motion with a constant acceleration of
2 m s– 2.along a straight road. Find the rate at which the angle of the 2 1
 cos   and sin  
axis of umbrella with vertical should be changed so that the rain 5 5
always falls parallel to the axis of the umbrella. The motion of shell w.r.t. the bomb is along AD.
Solution The minimum distance between the bomb and the shell is
   v BD  AB sin   2 sin (30o  )
v rb  v r  v b and tan   b
vr
where, v r  2 m s 1 and v b  2 t m s 1  2[sin 30o cos   cos 30o sin )

 v   2t  1 2 3 1  2  3
   tan 1  b   tan 1    tan 1 t 2     km
2 5 2 5  5
 vr   2 
d 1  120 m
 
dt 1  t 2

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13. A balloon moves up vertically such that if a stone is thrown 16. The time taken for the displacement vectors of two bodies to
from it with a horizontal velocity v0 relative to it, the stone become perpendicular to each other is
always hits the ground at a fixed point 2 v 02 g horizontally away (a) 0.1 s (b) 0.2 s
from it. Find the height of the balloon as a function of time. (c) 0.8 s (d) 0.6 s
Solution
Solution
14.(c)

Consider path A  B . When the balloon is at height y, the

horizontal and vertical velocities of the stone at point A are
Let X and Y axes be as shown in fig.
respectively
     
vx = v0 and v y  dy dt v1  u1  a t   2î  10 ĵ t , v 2  u 2  a t  8î  10 ĵ t
   
Since the stone falls at a horizontal distance 2 v 02 g , the time v1  v 2  v1 . v 2  0
taken by it during the path is   16  100 t 2  0  t  0.4 s .
2 v 02 g 2 v0 15.(d) Horizontal distance between the two bodies is
t 
v0 g (u1  u 2 ) t  (2  8)  0.4  4 m
1 2   1 1
Along Y-axis,  y  v y t  gt 16.(c) s1  u1 t  a t 2  2 î t   10 ĵ t 2
2 2 2
dy  2v 0  g  2 v0 
2
2 v 0  dy    1 2 1
 y         v0  s2  u 2 t  a t  8 î t   10ˆj t 2
dt 2 2
 g  2  g  g  dt     
s1  s2  s1 . s2  0
y t
dy gy dy 1  t  0.8 s .
  v0    2v 2  gy   2v dt   16 t 2  25 t 4  0
dt 2v 0 0 0 0 0

y Paragraph for Question 17 to 18

1 t
  n (2v 02  gy)  A rabbit is hidden in grass at point A near a pond. A dog is
g 0
2 v 0 drinking water in the pond at point B. The coordinates of
points A and B are (0, 0) and (46 m, 28 m), respectively. At the
 2v 2  gy   gt gy
 n  0 2    1  e  gt 2 v0 same instant, rabbit starts to run with a constant velocity
 2v  2v 2 v 02
 0  0 (7.5 î  10ĵ) ms 1 and dog starts to run with constant speed
in a straight line and catches rabbit in time t.
 y
2 v 02
g

1  e  gt 2v 0
 17. If x and y-components of velocities of dog for catching the
rabbit are v1 and v2, respectively, which of following relations
is correct?
PARAGRAPH TYPE (a) 7.5t – 46 = v1 t (b) 10t – 28 = v2t
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Paragraph for Question 14 to 16 18. If it runs with minimum speed, the minimum time in which
From a tower of height 40 m, two bodies are simultaneously the dog could catch the rabbit is
projected horizontally in opposite directions, with velocities (a) 4 s (b) 5.25 s
2 m s–1 and 8 m s–1, respectively. (g = 10 m s–2) (c) 5 s (d) 4.6 s
14. The time taken for the velocity vectors of two bodies to
become perpendicular to each other, is Solution
(a) 0.1 s (b) 0.2 s 
17. (c) Velocity of rabbit is vR  (7.5iˆ  10 ˆj ) ms1
(c) 0.4 s (d) 0.8 s

15. The horizontal distance between two bodies, when their ve-
locity are perendicular to each other, is
(a) 1 m (b) 0.5 m
(c) 2 m (d) 4 m

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 3 / 4  1/ 3 1
Velocity of dog is vD  v1iˆ  v2 ˆj  tan   tan (  )  
If the dog catches rabbit in time t, then 1  3 / 4 1/ 3 3
46  (7.5  v1 )t and 28  (10  v2 ) t  sin  1 / 10 and cos   3 / 10
 7.5t  46  v1 t and 10t  28  v2 t Minimum separation
18. (a) If the dog catches rabbit by running with minimum  AP  AB sin   9 10 1 / 10  9 m
speed, then the dog must run along BP such that
21. (b) BP  AB cos   9 10  3 / 10  27 m
AP  BP

 Slope of AP  slope of BP  1 | v BA |  (8 2 ) 2  (6 2 ) 2  10 2 m s 1
10 v2 Time after which separation is minimum is
   1  3v1  4v2  0
7.5 v1 BP 27
t    1.35 2 s .
 3 (7.5t  46)  4(10t  28)  0  t  4s | v BA | 10 2

Paragraph for Question 22 to 24

Paragraph for Question 19 to 21 A river of width d is flowing with
Two particles are thrown simultaneously from points A and
velocity u. A boat starts from rest
B with velocities u1 = 2 m s–1 and u2 = 14 m s–1, respectively,
and with respect to water, moves
as shown in fig. perpendicular to the river with an
acceleration of a = 5t, where t is
time. The boat starts from point
(1, 0) of the coordinate system as
shown in fig.
22. Find the equation of trajectory of the boat.
3 3
6x 5x
(a) y    (b) y   
19. The relative velocity of B as seen from A is 5u 6u
(a) 8 2 î  6 2 ĵ (b) 4 2 î  3 3 ĵ 5  x 1 
3
6  x 1 
3

(c) 3 5î  2 3 ĵ (d) 3 2 î  4 3 ĵ (c) y   u  (d) y   

6  u  5 u 
20. Minimum separation between A and B is
23. Find the drift of the boat when it is in the middle of the river.
(a) 3 m (b) 6 m 1/ 3 1/ 3
(c) 9 m (d) 12 m  3d   3d 
(a) u  (b) u   1
 5   5 
21. Time after which the separation between A and B is minimum is 1/ 3 1/ 3
 5d   5d 
(a) 2.7 s (b) 1.35 2 s (c) u  (d) u   1
 6   6 
(c) 2 s (d) 3 s
24. Obtain the total time taken to cross the river.
Solution (a) (3d/5)1/3 (b) (6d/5)1/3
(c) (5d/3)1/3 (d) (5d/6)1/3
19. (a)
 Solution
v BA  (14 cos45o î  14sin 45o ĵ)  ( 2 cos 45o î  2 sin 45o ĵ)
22 (c) ay = 5 t
 8 2 î  6 2 ĵ vy t
20.(c)   dv y   5 t dt
0 0

dy 5 t 2
 vy  
dt 2
y t
5 t2 5 3
  dy   2
dt  y
6
t
0 0
2 2
AB  8 27  9  9 10 m tan   6 2 / 8 2  3 / 4 5  x 1 
3
Also, x = 1 + ut  y  
tan   9 / 27  1 / 3 6  u 

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KINEMATICS EDUNITI
1/ 3
 6y  2u cos  2u sin 
23(a) ( x  1)  u  . t3  t 4  and t1  t 2 
 5  a g
When the boat is in the middle of river, y = d/2
t1  t 2 a tan   g (t  t ) 
1/ 3 1/ 3      tan 1  1 2 
 6d / 2   3d  t3  t 4 g  a(t3  t4 ) 
 Drift  x  1  u   u 
 5   5  26 (a) At maximum height, vy = 0
5 3  6y 
1/ 3
 0 2  (u sin ) 2  2( g ) hmax
24 (b) y  t  t   .
6  5  (u sin ) 2 [ g (t1  t 2 ) / 2]2 g
When the boat crosses the river, y = d.  hmax    (t1  t 2 ) 2
2g 2g 8
Therefore, time taken is (6d / 5)1/3
2u sin 
27 (b) Time of flight, T   t1  t 2
g
Paragraph for Question 25 to 27 1
Range, R  (u cos )T  a T 2
A projectile is projected with some initial velocity and some 2
initial angle of projection. Wind is also blowing, due to which a a
 (t3  t 4 )(t1  t 2 )  (t1  t 2 ) 2
constant horizontal retardation a is imparted to the particle in 2 2
the plane of motion. It is found that the particle is at same a
height at two different time t1 and t2 and particle is at same  (t1  t 2 )(t3  t 4  t1  t2 )
2
horizontal distance at two different time t3 and t4
25. Angle of projection of particle is

1  t1  t 2  1
 a  t1  t 2  
(a) tan  t  t  (b) tan  g t  t 
3 4   3 4 

1
 g  t1  t 2  
(c) tan  a t  t  (d) None of these
  3 4 

26. Maximum height of the particle is

g g
(a)  t 1  t 2 2 (b)  t1  t 2  2
8 4
g
(c)  t1  t 2  2 (d) None of these
2
27. Range of the projectile is
1 1
(a) a(t1  t 2 ) 2 (b) a (t1  t 2 ) (t3  t 4  t1  t 2 )
2 2
1
(c) a (t3  t4  t1  t 2 ) 2
2
(d) can't be determined

Solution
25 (c) Let u be the initial velocity and  be the angle of projection.
Then,
1 1
x  u cos t  at 2 and y  u sin t  gt 2
2 2
 at 2  2u cos  t  2 x  0 and

 gt 2  2u sin  t  2 y  0
Let the particle be at horizontal distance x at time t3 and t4 and
at height y at time t1 and t2.
Then the sum of roots of the equations are

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