CALL TO FAMILY, COMMUNITY AND PARTICIPATION

Family is a group of people connected to each other by love and those with the same household,
that being the pairing of a husband and wife, along with their children. Family is at the center of
God's plan for the happiness and progress of His children, the Holy Bible teaches that God
established families from the very beginning and shows us many examples of strong families.

What is divorce?
A divorce happens when two people who are married no longer want to be married to each
other or live together, they agree to sign legal papers that make them each single again.

Homosexuality
Homosexuality refers to attraction between people who are the same sex, it comes from the
Greek word homos, meaning "the same," It is a sexual orientation, as opposed to a gender
identity such as male, female, and non-binary, People who are homosexual could refer to
themselves as gay, lesbian, LGBTQ, queer, or a number of other terms,

What is sterilization?
Sterilization is a permanent method of a birth control, Sterilization procedures for women are
called tuba' sterilization or female sterilization, the procedure for men is called vasectomy.

Tubal Sterilization closes off or removes the fallopian tubes. This prevents the egg from moving
down the fallopian tube and keeps the sperm from reaching the egg.

Vasectomy is the vas deferens is one of two tubes that carry sperm from the testicles, Sperm
becomes part of a man's semen. In a vasectomy, the vas deferens tubes are tied, cut, clipped, or
sealed to prevent the release of sperm into the semen. This prevents a woman's egg from being
fertilized with the man's sperm.

RIGHTS AND DUTIES

Kinds of Rights
1. Natural Rights – based on natural law
2. Human Rights – based on human positive laws, either those enacted by the State or by
Religion
3. Alienable and Inalienable Rights – Alienable Rights are those which could be surrendered,
renounced or removed – Inalienable Rights are those which cannot be surrendered,
renounced or removed
4. JURIDICAL AND NON-JURIDICAL RIGHTS – Juridical Rights are those based on the law -
Non-Juridical Rights are those based on virtue rather than strict justice
5. RIGHT OF JURISDICTION – is the power of lawful authority to govern and make laws for his
constituent or dependents

Characteristic of Rights
1. Coaction – The power to inherent in rights to prevent their being violated and to exact
redress for their unjust violation
2. Limitation – Is the natural limits or boundary beyond which a right may not be insisted
without violating the right of another
3. Collision – Is the conflict of two rights so related that it is not possible to exercise one
without violating the other
Civil and Political Rights
1. Civil Rights – pertain to the individual's fundamental liberties and protections granted by
the government, such as freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial.
2. Political Rights – On the other hand, political rights involve active participation in the
political process, including voting and running for public office. In religious studies,
understanding these distinctions is crucial for examining how legal and political
frameworks intersect with individuals' spiritual beliefs and practices.

Definition of Duty
Duty is anything we are bound to do or omit and a moral obligation binding upon a person to do,
or avoid something.

PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR

The "Preferential Option for the Poor" is a concept that originates from Catholic Social teaching.
It refers to a moral obligation to prioritize the needs of society's most vulnerable members.

Who Are the Poor?

The Church's tradition emphasizes love for the poor, inspired by Jesus' example. This motivates
believers to work and help those in need, including addressing cultural and religious poverty.

Material Poor
Material Poverty is defined as the shortage or insufficiency of materials needed by individuals in
order to survive.

Moral Poverty
Moral poverty is the poverty of being without loving, capable, responsible adults who teach you
right from wrong. It is the poverty of being without parents and other authorities who habituate
you to feel joy at others’ joy, pain at others’ pain, happiness when you do right, remorse when
you do wrong.

SPIRITUAL POOR
The poor in spirit can refer to those who are detached from worldly honors. And when their
poverty of spirit is great, they even spurn worldly honor. All of these ways of understanding the
expression poor in spirit have three qualities in common: they all trust in God to provide for their
needs; they all are detached from wealth or honor; and they all love God more than wealth or
honor. Whoever has these qualities is an inheritor of the kingdom of heaven.

DIGNITY OF WORK AND RIGHTS OF WORKERS

The dignity of work and rights of workers refers to the inherent value and worthiness of every
form of work. It recognizes that work is not just a means to earn a living, but also a way for
individuals to express their skills, talents, and creativity. Work is not a punishment for sin. Work
is part of this goodness, and God wants us to cooperate through our work in the creation that He
began.
What exactly is “rest”?
Rest refers to taking a break from our usual work and responsibilities to rejuvenate our mind and
body. For Christians, Sundays are considered days of rest and worship. Attending Mass and
refraining from work or activities that might interfere with worship and relaxation.

WHAT QUALIFIES AS A JUST WAGE?

A just wage is a compensation system that ensures workers receive a fair and equitable standard
of living, covering essential expenses such as housing, food, healthcare, and education. It goes
beyond the legal minimum wage and aims to provide a decent and dignified life for workers. Just
wages should be fair and equitable, considering factors like skill, experience, and responsibility.

PRINCIPLE OF SOLIDARITY

It is a union or fellowship arising from common responsibilities and interests, as between

members of a group or between classes, peoples, and many more. Founded on mutual respect
of each other’s uniqueness, and a deep sense of appreciation of our common humanity. Principle
solidarity, in various contexts such as ethics, politics, and social justice, carries significant
implications for individuals, communities, and societies. Here are some of the key implications:

Social Cohesion
Solidarity fosters a sense of unity and belonging within communities. When individuals and
groups stand in solidarity with each other, they are more likely to work together towards common
goals, leading to stronger social cohesion.

SOCIAL JUSTICE
Solidarity is often associated with principles of social justice. It implies a commitment to
fairness, equality, and the well-being of all members of society. Practicing solidarity can lead to
efforts to address systemic injustices and inequalities.

COLLECTIVE ACTION
Solidarity can empower individuals to come together and take collective action to address
shared concerns or challenges. Whether it's advocating for policy changes, protesting injustices,
or providing support to marginalized groups, solidarity can amplify the impact of collective
efforts.

What is Economy?
Economy is the effort to meet the material needs of the human person in a safe and sustainable
way

What is politics good for?

Everyone lives in communities: families, associations, neighborhoods, and so on. At the highest
level of social organization, we live in nations. Politics serves to unite and order a multitude of
people with different needs and interests, seeking their common good.

What is nation?
A nation consists of a group of people living together in a common territory and governed by a
political authority. Nations are also called States.
 COMMON GOOD

The social condition that allows all the people in a community to reach their full potential and
to fulfill their human dignity. According to Catholic social teaching, people are called to
participate in society positively, in ways that will contribute to the COMMON GOOD.

Universal destination of Goods

Universal destination of goods does not mean that everything is at the disposal of each person or
of all people, or that the same object may be useful or belong to each person or all people. If it is
true that everyone is born with the right to use the goods of the earth, it is likewise true that, this
needs to be done in an equitable and orderly fashion by an authority.

Universal Right to the use of Goods

The universal destination of goods is a concept in Catholic theology, by which the Catholic
Church professes that the goods of creation are destined for mankind as a whole, but also
recognizes the individual right to private property.

Private Property
Private property refers to the ownership of property by private parties - essentially anyone or
anything other than the government. This includes both tangible (cars, houses, etc.) and
intangible (copyrights, patents, etc.) property. Private property can typically be bought, sold, or
leased by individuals or businesses. Individuals should be able to own their own property, like
their homes, businesses, land, etc. This private ownership encourages people to take care of their
things, invest in them, and use them productively. At the same time, there needs to be some
balance, where this private property also benefits the community or "common good.” The overall
goal is to harness the benefits of private property while making sure that the private property
contributes to the overall wellbeing of society. It's about balancing individual freedoms with
collective responsibility.