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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Early Quaker
education in Pennsylvania
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Language: English
By
THOMAS WOODY, Ph.D.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
CONTRIBUTIONS TO EDUCATION. No. 105
Published by
Teachers College, Columbia University
NEW YORK CITY
1920
It may well be mentioned here that though these [Sidenote: But not
tenets were incorporated in the foundation untried]
principles of the Quakers, they were by no means
new, in the sense that they had never been accepted, in part, at
least, by any other group of people. J. Brown, writing concerning the
Quakers, states that Caspar Schwenkfeld, a Silesian of high birth,
had promulgated the same doctrines of inner light, direct revelation
and the inadequacy of the sacraments at least two centuries before
the time of Fox in England.[12] The dispersion of Schwenkfeld’s
adherents in 1547 led to the spread of their doctrines outside of
Silesia, being embraced by a part of the Mennonite Church of
Amsterdam, whence their entrance was made into England, and
found acceptance in the minds of the Quakers.[13] This view is held
also by other students of Quaker history,[14] and the similarity of
doctrine is clearly seen in the statement of the Mennonite creed, as
given by B. L. Wicks, a student of Mennonite history.[15] Further, it is
known that some of the earliest preachers among Quakers went to
Amsterdam and vicinity and found there a kindly reception by a part
of the people, making converts among both the Baptists[16] and the
Mennonites.[17] An instance of their kindly attitude toward Quakers
and also of the recognition given their belief on the part of the
Quakers, is shown in the account by Thomas Chalkley, concerning
his journey of some nine hundred miles in Holland, Friesland and
Germany.[18]
[Sidenote: Kindly
As I have had great peace and satisfaction in reception given to
my travels in Holland and Germany, so, for Quaker ministers]
inciting others under the like exercise, I may
truly say that there is encouragement for faithful ministers to
labor in the work of the gospel. I know not that I ever met with
more tenderness and openness in people than in those parts
of the world. There is a great people whom they call
Mennonites, who are very near to truth, and the fields are
white unto the harvest among divers of them, spiritually
speaking.[19]
My Dear Friends,
Let every quarterly meeting make inquiry through all the
monthly and other meetings, to know all Friends that are
widows, or others that have children fit to put out to
apprenticeship; so that once a quarter you may set forth an
apprentice from your quarterly meeting; and so you may set
forth four in a year in each county, or more, if there be
occasion. This apprentice, when out of his time, may help his
father or mother, and support the family that is decayed; and
in so doing all may come to live comfortably. This being done
in your quarterly meetings you will have knowledge through
the county in the monthly and particular meetings, of masters
fit for them, and of such trades as their parents or the children
are most inclinable to. Thus, being placed out with Friends,
they may be trained up in truth; and by this means in the
wisdom of God, you may preserve Friends’ children in the
truth, and enable them to be strength and help to their
families, and nurses, and preservers of their relations in their
ancient days.... For in the country you know, you may set forth
an apprentice for a little to several trades, as bricklayers,
masons, carpenters, wheelwrights, ploughwrights, tailors,
tanners, curriers, blacksmiths, shoemakers, nailers, butchers,
weavers of linen and woolen stuffs and serges, etc., and you
may do well to have a stock in your quarterly meetings for that
purpose. All that is given by any Friends at their decease
(except it be given to some particular use, person or meeting)
may be brought to the public stock for that purpose. This will
be the way for the preserving of many that are poor among
you, and it will be the way of making up poor families. In
several counties it is practised already. Some quarterlies set
forth two apprentices; and sometimes the children of others
that are laid on the parish. You may bind them for fewer or
more years, according to their capacities....[29]
G. F.
London, 1st of 11th month, 1669.
The following lines, taken from the meeting records, are sufficient
proof of the working out of this recommendation concerning
apprenticeship education.
[Sidenote: And
It is agreed and concluded upon by this executed in
meeting, that the meeting take care of all various meetings]
Friends’ children that are left as orphans and
unsettled, to inspect and see that all such be taken care of
and settled in the best and suitablest manner, according to
their capacity, that thereby they may discharge their duty and
all such be eased by taking such due care.[30]