Loopback

ZTE University
Transmission Course Group

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 Course Objectives

Introduction to Loopback

Types of Loopback

How to detect mistaken Loopback

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 Introduction to Loopback

Loopback is commonly used to check the fault(s) of the

transmission channel.

Sending port
Note: Loopback can be
towards equipment or
NE outwards equipment,
depending on the type of
loopback used.

Receiving port
It allows the information transmitted from the transmit port of the
NE to be received by the receive port of the same NE.
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 Usage of Loopback

• Loopback can be used to locate the fault point of NE level by

level, when the communication links are separated.

• It detects the working status of the node and the transmission

line to accurately locate the faulty NE or faulty board.

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 Types of Loopback

Loopback

Hardware Software

Local Board Self Loop Cross Board Self Loop Line Side Terminal side

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 Hardware Loopback

From signal flow direction, hardware loopback is towards the

equipment so it is also called as hardware self-loop.

i) Local Board Self-Loop:

Local board self-loop is the process to connect the receive port
& the transmit port of same optical board with a tail fiber.

ii) Cross Board Self-Loop:

Cross self-loop is the process to connect the “Tx” port of the
optical board of one direction to the “Rx” port of the optical
board of other direction & vice versa using a tail fiber within
same sub-rack.

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 Software Loopback

From signal flow direction, software loopback is away from the

equipment.

– For Optical Board:

i) Line Side Loopback: The loopback from optical board to optical
interface at the front.
ii) Terminal Side Loopback: The loopback from optical board to
backplane of equipment (towards Cross Switch).

– For Electrical Board:

i) Line Side Loopback: The loopback from electrical board to
backplane of equipment (towards Cross Switch).
ii) Terminal Side Loopback: The loopback from electrical board to
electrical interface at the front.

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 Software Loopback for Optical Card

Terminal side
loopback OL Line side
loopback
R
CS
T

EP
For Optical Line Card:
• Line Side Loopback: loopback to the optical port
• Terminal Side Loopback: loopback to the inside of equipment

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 For Electrical Cards

OL

CS R
Line side
loopback T

EP
Terminal side loopback

For Electrical Card:

• Line Side Loopback: loopback to the inside of the equipment
• Terminal Side Loopback: loopback to the electrical port

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 Terminal or Line Side loopbacks
NE B

OL OL

Line Terminal Terminal Line

side side side side
NE A NE C

Line
side

EP

Terminal
side

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 Features of Path Service Loopback

For single path, loopback is often used at the two ends. If one
service passes through several NEs, and needed to loopback it
by sections, you can only loopback the AU4 including that
path.

As this operation may influence other services, it must be done

at midnight when less traffic is flowing.

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 Finding Mistaken Loopbacks

• EMS can locate the loopback through special icon

• Insert AIS alarm;

– In case if there is no loopback, the current alarm of the insertion
port will be RDI.

– In case if there is loopback, the current alarm of the insertion port

will be AIS & UAS.

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