ZNOTES.

ORG

UPDATED TO 2020 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE
ISLAMIYAT (0493)
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE SYLLABUS
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT (0493)

1.2. Allah’s Relationship with Created

1. Major Themes of the Quran World
Surah 1‎
1.1. Allah in Himself Main Theme
This is Surah Fatihah
Surah 2.255‎
Allah is the creator of this world
Main Theme
Verses taken from Surah Baqarah He guides people who pleases Him
He is merciful and forgiving
It is known as Ayat-ul-Kursi
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Talks about oneness of Allah
This is recited in every prayer
Mention of throne shows Allah’s power
Help them communicate with Allah ‎
Allah never feels tired as He is unique
Muslims use this to ask for guidance ‎
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Surah 2.21-22‎
Helps them learn about God and obey Him ‎
Main Theme
His independency shows His superiority. ‎
Verses from Surah Baqrah
Muslims recite this for daily protection
Allah gave us guidance and Earth with food
Surah 6.101-103‎
He is the only one deserving of worshipping ‎
Main Theme
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Verses taken from Surah Anaam
People should look after earth ‎
Only He can create without any help
Understand only Allah can provide them things
He is not bound to any relations
Be grateful by obeying Allah
He knows everything and can help everyone
‎S urah 96.1-5‎
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Main Theme
Helps them understand Tawhid
Verses from Surah Alaq
They become careful as He sees everything ‎
First revelation marks start of Islam
Help Muslims be humble
How Allah created man and fulfill his needs
Surah 41.37‎
He taught humans use of pen
Main Theme
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Verse taken from Surah Fussilat
Become grateful as know how they’re created
Allah controls everything
Helps them be successful by telling to study
Order of sun and moon are His signs
Surah 99‎
Negates paganism
Main Theme
Importance of theme in Muslims life
This is Surah Zilzaal
Strengthens Muslim belief by showing that created
About Last Day when everything is destroyed
things are temporary
People would be accountable to Allah
They should only look to Allah for answers ‎
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Helps to know Him by studying His sign
Reminds that everything ends except Allah
Surah 42.4-5
Creates fear of accountability ‎
Main Theme
Helps Muslims be careful of their deeds
Verses taken from Surah Fussilat
Surah 114‎
He is superior and owner of everything
Main Theme
He is very merciful and forgiving
This is Surah Naas
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Talks about evils of Earth who harm us ‎
Reminds Muslims to pray to Allah only ‎
Only Allah can protect us from all the evils
He will help people even if they have sinned
Importance of theme in Muslims life
They should be grateful and ask for forgiveness
Muslims get to know of all the evils
Surah 112‎
Important for Muslims who need protection ‎
Main Theme
Strengthen belief on Allah as He is protector
This is Surah Ikhlas ‎
Talks about Tawhid
He is unique as He is eternal with no family 1.3. ‎Allah’s Messengers‎
Importance of theme in Muslim life
Reminds to not think He has help and family Surah 2.30-37‎
Helps them to worship Him as He is unique Main Theme
Verses taken from Surah Baqrah
‎Allah created Adam(a.s) and Iblis opposed it

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Iblis misled Adam resulting in his expulsion from
paradise which taught him forgiveness ‎
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Highlight man’s position as God’s vicegerent
Shows His forgiveness and care for people
Surah 6.75-79‎
Main Theme
Verse from Surah Anaam
Ibrahim(a.s) found Allah through His creation
Ibrahim declares his faith to pagans
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Instructive for men in quest of truth
Look for answers only in Allah ‎
Surah 5.110‎
Main Theme
Verse taken from Surah Maidah
Allah helped Jesus by giving him miracles
Humans can do great things by God’s leave
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Reaffirm Allah’s power ‎
Muslims should allow things to happen
Often remember Him to count as believer
Surah 93‎
Main Theme
This is Surah Dhuhah
Shows how God helped Prophet(pbuh)‎
Tells to help oppressed people
Importance of theme in Muslims life
Should not worry when others hurt them
Be grateful and humble by giving charity
Surah 108‎
Main Theme
This is Surah Kauthar
Revealed when Quraysh mocked Prophet(pbuh) for
not having son
Allah consoled him and told about destruction of
his enemies
Importance of theme in Muslims life
We should not feel ashamed of daughters
Should not lose hope and ask for Allah’s help
2. History and Importance of
Quran
2.1. ‎Revelation of Quran‎
First Revelation
At 40 angel Jibrael appeared and told him to read as
he was meditating in Cave of Hira‎
When he said he can’t, Jibrael squeezed him
After the 3rd time Prophet(pbuh) agreed to read
Then this was revealed: “Read! in the name of your
Lord, who created, 2. Created man out of a clot ‎of
congealed blood: 3. Proclaim! And your Lord is most
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bountiful, 4. He who taught by the pen, 5. ‎T aught man
what he did not know”‎
Rushed outside where Jibrael introduced himself with
his wings spread in sky
He ran to his wife Khadija ‎
Her cousin Warqa told him that the angel he saw
brought revelations to previous prophets
Makki Surahs
‎86 Surahs revealed between 610-622 Ad‎
Shorter in length with strong language
Talks about Tawhid, ethics ,past nations, preaching of
Islam and calmed Prophet(pbuh)‎
Madni Surahs
‎28 Surahs revealed after migration to Madinah
Longer in length
Talks about Islamic laws, 5 pillars, and battles ‎
How revelations came
Prophet(pbuh) said “Never once did I receive a
revelation without thinking my soul had been torn
‎away from me”‎
Said that sometime revelations comes as ringing of
bells which is hardest on him
Zaid Bin Sabit said “When the revelation came to him,
he felt intense heat”‎
A companion said that once he was sitting with his leg
under Prophet (pbuh)’s leg. A revelation came ‎and he
felt like his leg would crush ‎
Preservation of Quran
written on stones, animals’ skin and bonesets
Literate companions wrote revelations
Came in portions according to a situation so not
preserved according to revelations ‎
Every Ramadan he would recite Quran loudly and
people would compare their copies for accuracy
2.2. ‎Compilation of Quran under
Khalifas
Under 1st Khalifa; Hazrat Abu Bakr
At Yamama many Hafiz, people who had learnt the
Quran, died ‎
Hazrat Umar realized soon all Hafiz will die ‎
Thought it was necessary to make an official copy of
Quran so it won’t be distorted
Asked Hazrat Abu Bakr to compile Quran
He at first hesitated but then agreed due to constant
persuading by Hazrat Umar
The Khalifa asked Zaid Bin Sabit to compile the Quran
who had same reaction as Hazrat Abu Bakr
A committee was set up and the work began
Zaid collected all the verses of Quran and followed the
order prescribed by Prophet(PBUH)‎
Before a verse was compiled, he would check it from
every copy of Quran even though he had ‎written the
Quran and learnt it
Under 2nd Khalifa: Hazrat Umar
A lot of land was conquered
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There people recited Quran in their own dialects
Anas Bin Malik reported it to the Hazrat Usman
He ordered Zaid Bin Sabit to make copies of Quran in
Quraish dialect
Each copy was given to a province
All the false copies were burnt
2.3. ‎The use of the Qur’an in Legal
Thinking, ‎and its Relationship with the
Hadiths, Ijma ‎and Qiyas
Use of Quran in Legal Thinking
Quran contains everything, it says “and we have sent
down to thee a book explaining all things” ‎
It is primary source of Islamic Law
Deals with theft, robbery, rebellion and murder. It says
“We ordained therein life for life”‎
On war matters it talks about distribution of booty and
fair treatment of prisoners
It lays down rules for social life, commerce,
economics, penal laws and international relations
Family law deals with marriage, divorce and treatment
of women, slaves and orphans. It says “Come ‎not nigh
to the Orphan’s property”‎
Quran forbids unjust distribution of wealth ‎
It forbids adultery, gambling, interest, bribes, and
fraud as it says “Woe to those that deal in fraud”‎
Relationship of Quran with Hadith
Hadiths are words and actions of Prophet(pbuh)‎
They are 2nd primary source of Islamic Law ‎
They explain the Quran, Hazrat Ayesha said “Life of
Prophet(pbuh) is an example of Quran”‎
It is used when the Quran is silent on a matter, e.g.
inheritance given to grandmother is not ‎mentioned in
the Quran, but comes from Hadith
In Quran it is not told how to give Zakaat but hadith
says “No charity tax is due on property less than ‎5
Uqaiya and no charity tax is due on fewer than 5
camels and no charity tax is due on fewer than ‎5
wasq”‎
Hadith also talks about how to pray, perform hajj and
about impurities which is not explained in ‎Quran, it
says “Pay as you see me praying”‎
Ijma
Ijma is consensus of opinion and is used when a
matter arises which is not in Quran and Hadith
Secondary source of Islamic Law
He(pbuh) said “My community will never agree upon
an error”‎
IVF were allowed by ijma
Quran was compiled by ijma of companions ‎
Ijma is of 3 types
Decision made from ijma can’t contradict Quran e.g.
people missed Friday prayer as they didn’t hear ‎azaan
so Umar through Ijma introduced a 2nd azaan rather
than allowing people to miss prayers
Qiyas
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It is last and secondary source of Islamic law
It means deriving a law from another law when a
matter can’t be solved by any Quran Hadith or ijma
Ayesha said wuzu is not permissible if flour dries on
nails jurists used this to prohibit nail polish
It can only be done by leading jurists
allowed Mu’az bin Jabaal to use his own opinion if a
matter arises which is not in Quran and sunnah
The method of qiyas is:‎
Asl: The teaching such as alcohol is khamar
Far: The problem such as are drugs khamar
Illa: linking the teachings drugs are like alcohol
Hukm: The judgement such as drugs are haram
Qiyas also can’t cancel a teaching of Quran
3. The life and Importance of
Prophet Mohammad (PBUH)
3.1. ‎Life in Makkah
Life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Before Prophethood
Father Abdullah died before his birth
Grandfather Abdul Muttalib named him ‎
Sent to foster mother Bibi Halima ‎
At age 6 his mother Aminah died in Abwa as they were
returning from his father’s grave in Yasrib ‎
Then brought up by Abdul Muttalib
At age 8 Abdul Muttalib also died ‎
Before dying he gave Prophet(pbuh)’s custody to son
Abu Talib who loved him a lot
Quran says “Did he not find you and orphan and gave
you shelter”‎
At age 12 at Basra a Christian monk saw signs of a
Prophet in him and advised Abu Talib to take care ‎of
him ‎
A deadly war broke out when he was 15‎
After the war some tribes formed an alliance called
half ul fazl and at house of Abdullah Bin Judan ‎took an
oath to protect the oppressed
Prophet(pbuh) said “I was present at the house of
Abdullah Bin Judan at so excellent a pact that I
‎wouldn’t exchange my part in it for a herd of red
camels”‎
At age 25 he got married to 40-year-old Khadija as she
was impressed by his honesty
In 608 AD he prevented bloodshed as all the chiefs
wanted to place Hajr-e-Aswad
Call to Prophethood
When Prophet Muhammad(pbuh) was 40, angel Jibreal
came to cave Hira and revealed
Secret Preaching
‎2nd revelation “Arise and deliver your warning”‎
Thus he preached to people close to him
After 3 years 40 people had accepted ‎
Preaching to Banu Hashim
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After revelation “Warn thy family” he invited Banu
Hashim for a meal
They dispersed before he could speak as Abu Lahab
said “Your host has placed a spell upon you”‎
Next day he invited everyone for a meal
He invited them to Islam no one responded
Uml Fadl, her sisters and Safiyah accepted Islam
Open Preaching
“Expound openly what thou art commanded” was
revealed.
When he was asked everyone at Safa hill “if I were to
tell you that a large army has collected on the other
side and is ready to attack you would you believe?”
they all said yes
He invited them to Islam they laughed
Abu Lahab said “may you perish forever”
He(pbuh) was sad and to calm him Allah revealed
“May the hands of Abu Lahab perish”
Persecutions faced by Prophet(pbuh)‎
They called him a magician ‎
Wrote poems against him
Abu Lahab called him an abtar when his son died ‎
Ordered his sons to divorce his daughters
He also threw camel intestines on him ‎
A man once tried to strangle Prophet(pbuh)‎
The chiefs tied to bribe him ‎
They said that he should worship their Gods and they
would worship his, thus Allah revealed “You ‎have your
religion and I have my religion”‎
As they threatened Abu Talib, he asked him(pbuh) to
stop so he said “O uncle even if they place the ‎sun on
my right hand and moon on my left to force me to
renounce my mission I would not ‎stop” so Abu Talib
then supported him
Persecutions faced by converts
Ammar bin Yasir was thrown on burning embers
Sumayya and Yasir were killed by Abu Jahl
Bilal a slave was beaten by his master and boys
Abu Bakr was dragged by his beard and Haris bin abi
Hala was killed for protecting Prophet(pbuh)‎
Usman was wrapped around palm leaves and set to
fire by his uncle
Zinra a roman slave was made blind by Abu Jahl
Migration to Abyssinia
In 615 AD due to a lot persecutions 12 men and 4
women migrated to Abyssinia ‎
Rumour spread that everyone had accepted Islam
thus some of them went back
Quraish increased the persecution
‎2nd migration took place of 83 men and 19 women
migrated under leadership of Jafar ibn Abu Talib
Quraish went and asked Negus to return them
Negus being just called Muslims to his court
There Jafar gave a speech about rules of Islam
He then recited a few verses from Surah Maryam
He said “This and Gospel are light of same candle”‎
Quraish were sent back
Boycott of Banu Hashim
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In 616 AD Banu Hashim were boycotted except for
Abu Lahab as they supported Prophet(pbuh)‎
They went to Sahib Abi Talib out of Makkah
Let out only during pilgrimage
In 619 AD the ban was lifted after protest
Persecutions faced by converts
Ammar bin Yasir was thrown on burning embers
Sumayya and Yasir were killed by Abu Jahl
Bilal a slave was beaten by his master and boys
Abu Bakr was dragged by his beard and Haris bin abi
Hala was killed for protecting Prophet(pbuh)‎
Usman was wrapped around palm leaves and set to
fire by his uncle
Zinra a roman slave was made blind by Abu Jahl
Migration to Abyssinia
In 615 AD due to a lot persecutions 12 men and 4
women migrated to Abyssinia ‎
Rumour spread that everyone had accepted Islam
thus some of them went back
Quraish increased the persecution
‎2nd migration took place of 83 men and 19 women
migrated under leadership of Jafar ibn Abu Talib
Quraish went and asked Negus to return them
Negus being just called Muslims to his court
There Jafar gave a speech about rules of Islam
He then recited a few verses from Surah Maryam
He said “This and Gospel are light of same candle”‎
Quraish were sent back
Boycott of Banu Hashim
In 616 AD Banu Hashim were boycotted except for
Abu Lahab as they supported Prophet(pbuh)‎
They went to Sahib Abi Talib out of Makkah
Let out only during pilgrimage
In 619 AD the ban was lifted after protest
Migration to Yasrib
Persecutions doubled as Islam spread
Migrated to Yasrib as they were invited there
Abu Jahl drafted a plan to kill Prophet(pbuh)‎
Allah said “Remember how the unbelievers plotted
against you”‎
He got to know about this and left with Abu Bakr
Ali slept on his bed to deceive Quraish
A reward announced to bring him dead or alive
They were hiding in Cave of Saur
Allah blocked the opening to protect them
Quran says “He had no more than 1 companions the 2
were in cave and he said to his companion ‎don’t fear
Allah is with us”‎
At Yasrib a Jew saw them first fulfilling the prophecy of
Torah
3.2. ‎Life in Madinah‎
1st AH
Masjid-e-Nabawi was built and azaan was made
Each local took in an Immigrant, called Mawakhat
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‎ tribes of Jews also lived in Yasrib so a treaty was
3 Muslim women
signed with them. Points were:‎
Head of State was Prophet(pbuh)‎
Name was changed to Madinah- ‎
Equality and Freedom of religion for Jews
Muslim and Jews were allies
Jew dispute to be handled according to Torah
2nd AH
Fasting and Zakaat were made compulsory
Qibla changed
Were given permission for Jihad
Battle of Badr:‎
Trade Caravan of Abu Sufyan was passing by
Madinah and for protection an army was sent
But the army was ordered to attack Muslims
Quraish had 1000 men‎
Muslims went to war with 313 men ‎
It rained which was bad for Quraish Quran says
“He sent down water from Heavens to confirm
‎your feet”‎
He (pbuh) prayed to Allah “If this small band of
men perish there will be no one to worship you”‎
Battle started on 17th Rajab ‎
Abdullah Bin Masud killed Abu Jahl
He(pbuh) threw dust at them which turned to a
storm by help of Allah
Quraish left with 70 dead and 70 prisoners
The prisoners were fairly treated
Banu Qunaiqa, a Jew, tribe was exiled after 15-day
siege because:‎
They charged Muslims interest which is Haram
They pinned a Muslim woman’s skirt to her dress
making her back bare. -/‎
3rd AH
Quraish felt threatened as Islam grew
With other tribes 3000 men marched to Uhad
Muslims went to Uhad with 1000 men
‎300 left under Abdullah Bin Ubay a hypocrite
Battle started
Soon Quraish started to retreat
So Muslims left and started to collect spoils
Khalid Bin Waleed saw that and attacked them
Rumour spread that Prophet(pbuh) had died so
Muslims stopped fighting
Quran says “Muhammad is no more than a
messenger, many were the messengers that passed
‎away before him, if he died or were to be slain will ye
turn back on your heels”‎
Muslims fought when he addressed them
Both forces started to retreat
‎70 Muslims were martyred‎
At Badr Hamza killed Utba so in Uhad his daughter’s
slave killed him and she ate his liver
‎60 verses are about this Battle‎
4th AH
Banu Nazir a Jew tribe was exiled after a siege as they
wrote obscene poems about Prophet(pbuh) ‎and
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‎5th AH
Battle of Trench:‎
Jews with Quraish and other tribes marched to
Madinah with 10,000 men.‎
Prophet(pbuh) liked the idea by Salman Farsi of
building a trench around Madinah ‎
Only 1 side was unprotected
It took 20 days to build 5 yards deep trench
Allies were unfamiliar with this warfare
Banu Quraiza last Jew tribe also came out and
joined the allies and Hypocrites left
Quran “they intended nothing but to run away”‎
Allah sent a storm and the allies ran away ‎
This is known as Battle of Tribes and Ahzab too
Quran says “Remember Allah’s blessings on you
when the hosts came down on you”‎
A siege was laid on Banu Quraiza
After 25 days they chose Saad bin abi Waqas to
choose their fate
He went according to Torah and all their men were
killed and women were sold
‎6th AH
Prophet(pbuh) saw a dream of performing Umrah
Quraish didn’t let them in
Settled at Hudaibiya
Sent messengers who did not come back
Sent Hazrat Usman ‎
Rumour spread that he was killed
Muslims pledge to avenge Usman’s death ‎
Called Bait-ul-Rizwan as taken near Rizwan Oasis
Quran says “Allah indeed was pleased with the
believers when they wore allegiance to you”‎
Quraish sent Sohail Bin Amr to sign a treaty
Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed. Terms were:‎
No fighting for 10 years
Can perform Umrah next year
Quraish would be returned but Muslims won’t
Muslims opposed it but it was signed
Quran “We have granted thee a manifest victory”
‎7th AH
Invitation to Islam was sent to rulers:‎
Heraculis didn’t accept Islam but paid respect ‎
Negus of Abyssinia accepted Islam
Rulers of Oman and Bahrain accepted Islam
Muwaqis of Egypt didn’t accept Islam but sent gifts ‎
Chosroes of Persia disrespected Islam,
Prophet(pbuh) predicted that he would be
destroyed and ‎it happened as his son killed him.‎
Khyber Expedition
Jews malice increased and decided to attack
Even did black magic on Prophet(pbuh)‎
Prophet(pbuh) marched there with 1700 men
Jews locked themselves in the fortresses
All the fortress were captured except Qamus ‎
A fierce battle took place and Muslims won
Kinnah the chief offered wealth for peace
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8th AH
Battle of Mutah
Sharhabeel martyred Muslim envoy Haris
Sent an army of 3000 men under Zaid Bin Haris
Jafar to take over if Zaid died and Abdullah to take
over if Jafar died
At Jordan saw Heraculis with 200,000 men
Battle started ‎
First 3 leaders died Khalid bin Waleed took over
Both forces retreated
Allah showed Prophet(pbuh) everything
Conquest of Makkah
Quraish broke Treaty of Hudaibiya
Gave Quraish 3 option and they chose to fight
‎10,000 men marched to Makkah‎
Safely entered Makkah
Went to Kabah, did tawaf and broke 360 idols
Recited “Truth has come and falsehood has
banished and falsehood is bound to perish”‎
He then forgave everyone except 4 people
Never done in History
Battle of Hunain
Banu Saqif and Hawazin with other tribes decided
to attack Muslims under Malik Bin Auf
‎1200 Muslims marched to Hunain ‎
Attacked by all sides
Prophet(pbuh) motivated his followers
Threw dust at them which made them blind for
some time so they ran away
Malik Bin Auf fled to Taif so siege started
After a month Muslims left
‎9th AH
Heraculis decided to attack Muslims
Jihad was called out and donations were asked ‎
Because of famine people hesitated ‎
Hypocrites spread a lot of hate too
‎3000 men reached Tabuk and saw nothing
Stayed for 20 days and made treaties
Way back hypocrites tried to kill Prophet(pbuh)‎
Quran says “ They meditated a plan which they were
unable to carry out”‎
10th AH
He (pbuh) went on Hajj with 114,000 companions
Gave his last sermon in Arafat ‎
Talked about his death and accountability
Talked about rights of slaves and women, He said
“Treat your wives with kindness”‎
Declared Muslims as one brotherhood “Remember all
Muslims are one brotherhood”’‎
Talked about equality and interest “All dues of interest
shall be cancelled”‎
Talked about 5 pillars and Seal of Prophets.‎
Asked to spread his message
Last revelation “I have completed my favour upon you
and have chosen Islam as your religion”‎
‎11th AH
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Prophet(pbuh) fell ill and died in Hazrat Ayesha’s place
on 12th Rabi awwal
3.3. ‎Qualities‎
Forgiveness
Hypocrite deceived him but forgave them ‎
Quraish tortured him but he forgave them
Forgave people of Taif when they stoned him
Honesty
Known as Al Sadiq and Al Amin
Khadija married him for honesty
After Islam people still gave him goods for safety
Biggest enemies called him truthful
Humility
Sat on floor, wore old clothes and helped around ‎
Did not liked when people stood up for him
Generosity
Never kept money overnight
Received animals and gave them away
Received 9000 dirhams and distributed them
Gave all money on deathbed
Fulfilment of Promises
Abu Sufyan testified that he always kept his word
Sent Abu Jandal back to Quraish because of Treaty of
Hudaibiya
Justice
His uncle Abbas and son in law were prisoners of Badr
but he treated them like everyone else
Jews would come to him to settle their disputes
Jew of Khyber killed a person but due to no witness he
was freed
3.4. ‎Seal of Prophets‎
Prophet(pbuh) is the last Prophet
Quran says “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah and
seal of prophet”‎
Previous prophets were for certain time period and place
but Prophet(pbuh) is for whole mankind
In last sermon said “No prophet will come after me”‎
It is part of Shahadah ‎
4. First Islamic Community
4.1. Wives
Hazrat Khadija
Rich merchant
Widowed 2 times
Married Prophet(pbuh) at age of 40‎
Proved to be a successful marriage
Had 4 daughters and 2 sons who died
First person to accept Islam
Gave him all her wealth in need
Never married anyone in her life
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She died in 11th year of prophethood
He said “Noblest women of world are Mary and
Khadija” ‎
Hazrat Sawdah
Migrated to Abyssinia with husband who died
Came back to Makkah and needed protection
He(pbuh) needed a wife to take care of house
So they got married
Was simple, loving and generous
Often give her time with Prophet(pbuh) to Ayesha
Died in 22 AH‎
Hazrat Ayesha
Daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr
Marriage was solemnized in 2 AH
Once she was escorted home by a young man and
rumours spread thus Allah revealed Surah Nur
Strongest bond with Prophet(pbuh) after Khadija
He said “Ayesha enjoys superiority over all other
women”‎
Learnt a lot from him
Her house was his resting place
Imam Zuhri said “Ayesha was most learned person
among people”‎
Would help the Khalifs in decision making
People followed her principles on Islamic Law
Made a system to co-ordinate Quran and Sunnah
Narrated 2210 Ahadith
Died in 58 AH
Hazrat Hafsa
Daughter of Hazrat Umar (ra)
Migrated to Abyssinia with Khunais her husband
Husband died at Badr
Married Prophet(pbuh) in 3 AH
Was a teacher ‎
Narrated 60 Ahadith
Straight forward like her father
Custodian of Quran
Hazrat Zainab Bint Khuzaima
Married to Abdullah Bin Jahash who died at Uhad
Married to Prophet(pbuh) in 3 AH
Died 3 months after
Only wife whose funeral prayers he offered
Ummu Salama
Married to Abdullah Bin Asad and migrated twice
Husband died at Uhad
Prophet(pbuh) decided to marry her despite her
handicap of not bearing children
Accompanied Prophet(pbuh) everywhere
Narrated 378 Hadith
Recitation style was just like Prophet(pbuh)‎
Outlived all wives and died in 63 AH
Hazrat Zainab Bint Jahash
Married Zaid Bin Haris on request of Prophet(pbuh)‎
Divorced a year later
Prophet(pbuh) proposed her and revelation came
“When Zaid had dissolved with her, we joined her ‎in
marriage to thee” so they got married
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Before dying he(pbuh) said her most generous wife
would die first, she died in 20 AH‎
Narrated 11 Ahadith
Hazrat Jawariya Bint Haris
Captured in Battle of Mustaliq
Given to Thabit Bin Qais who asked for ransom ‎
Went to Prophet(pbuh) and accepted Islam
Freed her and got married
All tribe was freed
Died in 50AH
Hazrat Ummu Habibah/ Ramla
Daughter of Abu Sufyan
Migrated to Abyssinia with her husband
He abandoned her there
Prophet(pbuh) married her
Negus threw a feast
Joined Muslims after Khyber Expedition
Died in 44 AH ‎
Narrated 65 Ahadith
Hazrat Safiyah
Descendent of Hazrat Harun
Belonged to Banu Nadir
Captured during Khyber Expedition
Prophet(pbuh) threw his mantle over as a proposal so
they got married
Died in 50 AH
Hazrat Maimunah Bint Haris
Sister of Jawariyah Bint Haris
First divorced by Masud Bin Amr
Second Husband also died
Prophet(pbuh) married her on Abbas’s request
Named Maimunah as Muslims entered Makkah
He called her Symbol of Goodness
Died in 51 AH‎
Hazrat Maria Qibtia
Sent as gift by Muwaqis of Egypt
Prophet(pbuh) married her
Gave birth to son Ibrahim who died ‎
4.2. ‎Children of Prophet(PBUH)‎
Hazrat Zainab
Born when Prophet(pbuh) was 30‎
Married to Abul Aas Bin Rabi
She accepted Islam but he didn’t
He was taken captive in Battle of Badr
She sent her mother’s necklace as ransom
Freed on condition Zainab was sent to Madinah
Later he also joined them at Madinah
Was stabbed in 8 AH and died ‎
Had a son Ali and a daughter Umama
Hazrat Ruqayya
‎3 years younger than Zainab
Was married to Utba son of Abu Lahb
Divorced as Prophet(pbuh) declared his message
Married to Hazrat Usman
Migrated to Abyssinia
Had a son Abdullah who died at age 6‎
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT (0493)
Migrated to Madinah
Fell ill and died after Battle of Badr
Hazrat Umm-e-Kulsom
‎3rd Daughter
Married to Utaibah son of Abu Lahab
Divorced as Prophet(pbuh) declared his message
Migrated to Madinah with Hazrat Sawdah
Married Hazrat Usman when sister died
Died in 9 AH with no son
Hazrat Fatima
Born 5 years before Prophethood
Resembled him the most
Migrated to Madinah with Hazrat Sawdah
Married to Hazrat Ali ‎
Had 3 sons and 2 daughters
Prophet(pbuh) would meet her first when arriving
Said “Fatima is a part of me”‎
Ayesha said she was dearest to Prophet(pbuh)‎
Died 6 months after Prophet(pbuh)’ death
4.3. ‎Twelve Shia Imams
Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib
Imam Hasan ibn Ali
Born to Hazrat Fatima on 1st Ramazan 3 AH
Gave food Hazrat Usman when he was besieged ‎
In charge of Bait-ul-Maal during Ali’s reign
Took over after Ali but resigned due to Muawiya
Poisoned by his own wife in 50 AH
Prophet(pbuh) said “O Allah I love him so I beseech
you to love him”‎
Imam Hussain Ibn Ali
Born to Hazrat Fatima on 4th Shaban 4 AH
Resembled Prophet(pbuh)‎
Said “Hussain belongs to me and I belong to him”‎
People from Kufa asked his help against Yazid
Sent cousin Muslim to assess the situation
Killed after confirming Hussain that he can come
He had left and decided to not return
Stopped at Karbala
On 10th Muharram he was martyred and his head was
presented to Yazid
Imam Zain-ul-Abideen/Ali‎
Born in 36 AH to Imam Hussain and died in 83 AH
Only one who survived Karbala as he didn’t go due to
his illness
Imam Muhammad Baqir
Born in 57 AH to Fatima, daughter of Hasan
Was 4 when incident of Karbala took place ‎
Died in 114 AH
Imam Jaffar Sadiq ‎
Born in 83 AH to Imam Baqir and died in 148 AH
Was harassed by the Umayyad and Abbassid Caliph’s
so went into hiding ‎
Imam Musa Kazim
Born in 128 AH to Imam Jaffar‎
Went into hiding but was arrested ‎
Died in 183 AH in prison‎
WWW.ZNOTES.ORG
Imam Ali Raza
Born in 148 AH and died in 203 AH‎
Was given post in government by Khalifa Mamun
Imam Muhammad Taqi
Born in 195 AH and died in 220 AH
Married to Khalifa Mamun’s daughter ‎
Imam Ali Naqvi
Born in 214 AH and died in 254 AH
The Khalifa tried to dishonour him but he was patient ‎
Imam Hasan Askari ‎
Born in 232 AH and died in 260 AH‎
Spent his life in hiding ‎
Imam Mehdi
Born in 255 AH secretly ‎
Lived in hiding and communicated few people
Stopped communicating after 329 AH‎
Is said to come fight dajjal with Hazrat Isa
4.4. ‎Ten Blessed Companions‎
Hazrat Abu Bakr
Childhood friend of Prophet(pbuh)‎
First free adult male to accept Islam
Prophet(pbuh) said “Abu Bakr was the only person
who accepted Islam without any hesitation”‎
Believed mirage immediately thus called Siddique
Always protected Prophet(pbuh) from Quraish
Gave all his wealth during Tabuk
Was at Cave of Saur during migration
Greatest missionary of Islam after Prophet(pbuh)‎
Led prayers when Prophet(pbuh) was ill
Hazrat Umar
Opposed Islam ‎
One day he was going to kill Prophet(pbuh)‎
On way a man told him about his sister’s conversion so
he went there and started to beat her
Listened to Surah Talha and accepted Islam
Hot tempered and straight forward
Muslims became stronger after his conversion
Openly migrated to Yasrib
Opposed Treaty of Hudaibiya but repented ‎
Gave half of his wealth during Tabuk ‎
Prophet(pbuh) said “Were a prophet to come after me
he would have been Umar”‎
Known as Al Farooq
Hazrat Usman
First Umayyad to become Muslims
His uncle made him lie on burning coals
Married Ruqayya and migrated to Abyssinia ‎
Provided food to Banu Hashim during boycott
Ruqayya died and married Umm-e-Kulsoom
So known as Zun Nurrain ‘Possessor of 2 lights’‎
Went to negotiate during Treaty of Hudaibiya ‎
Gave 100 horses,900 camels and 1000 gold dinars
during Tabuk
Bought 20,000 dinar well for Muslims
Funded extension of Mosque of Prophet(pbuh)‎
So known as Ghani
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT (0493)

Prophet(pbuh) said “my companion in Paradise will be Compiled the Quran

Usman”‎ Qazi of Madinah during Umar’s Khilafat
Hazrat Ali Corrected Quran during Usman’s Khilafat
Son of Abu Talib Knowledgeable jurist
First child to accept Islam Ubbay Bin Kaab
Slept in Prophet(pbuh)’s bed during migration Pledged allegiance at Aqabah ‎
Discovered enemy movement at Badr Wrote letters
Held banner at Uhad and Conquest of Makkah Wrote last revelation
Used a door as shield at Khyber Prophet(pbuh) encouraged people to learn Quran
Known as Lion of Allah from him
Amir of Madinah during Tabuk Expedition Died in 29 AH
Wrote Treaty of Hudaibiya and letters to Kings
Prophet(pbuh) said during Mawakhat “You are my 4.6. ‎Important Personalities‎
brother in this world and next”‎
Talha Khalid Bin Waleed
Grandnephew of Hazrat Abu Bakr Opposed Islam
Called living Marty for his bravery ‎ Converted Muslim victory into loss at Uhad
Called Fayyaz due to his generosity Converted after Treaty of Hudabiya
Killed in Battle of Camels against Hazrat Ali Broke 9 swords at Mutah ‎
Zubair Called Saifullah ‘Sword of Allah’‎
Cousin of Prophet(pbuh)‎ Led a squadron during Conquest of Makkah
Migrated twice ‎ On way to fight false prophets he had heard
Called Disciple of Messenger of Allah Prophet(pbuh) say “He is best salve of Allah, sword of
Killed in Battle of Camels against Hazrat Ali ‎A llah”‎
Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah Led campaign against Persians and Byzantines
Migrated twice Died in 629‎
Killed his father at Badr for Islam Hazrat Salman Farsi
Called Amin ul Ummar Born to a Persian father who never let him out
Conquered Damascus and is buried there ‎ He ran away and converted to Christianity ‎
Saad bin abi Waqas Heard about new Prophet
Maternal uncle of Prophet(pbuh)‎ Was enslaved in Arabia
First to shed bled for Islam Went to Prophet(pbuh) and accepted Islam
Declared as best archer Gave idea of building Trench at Battle of Trench
Abdur Rahman bin Auf Top officer who conquered Persia
Migrated twice ‎ Died in Umar’s Caliphate
Received 21 wounds at Uhad yet didn’t leave ‎ Zaid Bin Haris
Died in 32 AH Was a slave given to Prophet(pbuh) by Khadija
Saeed Bin Zaid Among first 4 to accept Islam
Brother in law of Hazrat Umar His family came to get him but chose to stay
A great warrior who could rest and write ‎ Prophet(pbuh) adopted him
Resigned as governor due to love of Jihad Married slave of Amina
Married Zainab but later divorced her
4.5. ‎Scribes‎ Died at Muta as a commander
When he died Prophet(pbuh) eyes flowed with tears as
Abdullah Bin Masud Allah was showing him everything
Known as Sahaba Bin Sahabiyya Jafar Bin Abu Talib
Faced persecution Son of Abu Talib
First person to recite Quran openly in Makkah Migrated to Abyssinia where he was spokesperson for
Migrated to Abyssinia then Madinah Muslims
Killed Abu Jahl Returned in 7 AH
Prophet(pbuh) said “’if anyone likes to recite the Quran Went to Mutah where he was martyred with 90
as fresh as it was descended then he must ‎recite on wounds in his front and arms cut
reading of Abdullah Bin Masud”‎ Known as Jaffar Tayyar
Narrated 800 Ahadith Prophet(pbuh) said “You resemble me in features and
Zaid Bin Sabit manners”‎
Principle Scribe from Khazraj Hazrat Abbas
Accepted Islam before Prophet(pbuh)’s migration Uncle of Prophet(pbuh)‎
Learned person who knew many languages Married to Umm-e-Fazl

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT (0493)
Opposed Islam until Abu Talib died
Taken captive in Battle of Badr
Joined Muslims openly at Conquest of Makkah
Gave his house for extension of Masjid-e-Nabawi
Died in 31 AH
Hazrat Hamza
Uncle of foster brother of Prophet(pbuh)‎
Loved wrestling, hunting and archery that he never
paid attention to Islam
He was returning from hunting, a man told him how
Abu Jahl abused Prophet(pbuh)‎
He struck Abu Jahl and accepted Islam
At Badr he killed Abu Sufyan’s wife Hinda’s father
At Uhad her slave killed him while she ate his liver
Prophet(pbuh) called him ‘Chief of Martyrs”‎
Hazrat Bilal
An Abyssinian slave
Was one of first 7 converts
Master used to torture him
Abu Bakr freed him
Gave first azan of Islam and on Kabah
Called Muezzin-e-Islam
Killed master at Badr
Gave azan on request of Caliph Umar first time after
Prophet(pbuh)’s death
Was so upset that he went to Syria
Died in Syria at age of 60‎
Abu Talib
WWW.ZNOTES.ORG
Uncle of Prophet(pbuh)‎
Took care of him like his own sons
Did not accept Islam but protected Prophet(pbuh)‎
Died in 11th year of Prophethood
Abu Sufyan
Chief of Banu Umayyad
Father of Umm-e-Habiba
Biggest enemy of Islam
Was caught spying during Conquest of Makkah
He accepted Islam
Lost an eye during siege of Taif
4.7. ‎Emigrants and Helpers
Emigrants or Muhajir were the people who came to
Madinah leaving all their valuables
Prophet(pbuh) is not a Muhajir ‎
Quran says “Those who suffered exile and fought in path
of Allah, they have hope of mercy of Allah”‎
Ansar’s are the locals of Madinah who gave the place to
live to Muhajirs
Prophet(pbuh) declared 45 Muhajir and 45 Ansar’s as
brothers
He closely examined them and chose a Muhajir for and
Ansar
The ansar was to help muhajirs by taking them in ‎
CAIE IGCSE
ISLAMIYAT (0493)

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