CIVIL ENGINEERING LAWS
professionals involved in a project like
WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING?
o Civil Engineers shape the built
environment and use their creativity to
improve the world we live in for a
sustainable future.
o Every building, road, bridge, harbor,
airport or energy facility will have relied
on the creativity, imagination and skills
of Civil Engineers.
o Civil engineers design, construct,
maintain, and operate infrastructures,
while simultaneously safeguarding
public and environmental health and
upgrading neglected structures and
systems.
THE HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
o considered the second engineering
discipline historically.
o The first type of engineering
considered to be a profession was
military engineering.
o Traditionally, Civil Engineering has
covered any professional engineer
who applies physical and scientific
principles to solve the problems of
society.
WHAT DO CIVIL ENGINEERS ACTUALLY DO?
o Most civil engineers will work out of
office buildings or as part of a remote
team designing structural plans for
projects, some will do site visits and
some projects might even need you
CIVIL ENGINEERING SPECIALIZATIONS
on site full time.
o It depends on the specializations,
experience and job role.
DAY TO DAY AS A CIVIL ENGINEERING
o Working with clients and other
architects or subcontractors.
o Communicate effectively with a range
of audiences. You won’t just be talking
to other engineers but business
leaders, those representing
Professional Organizations, vendors
and professionals within the
engineering economy.
o Working on management tasks like
creating job specs, supervising other
engineers, and working through tender
processes.
o Technical or feasibility studies, these
would involve on-site investigations.
o Using a number of different of
computer software programs for
developing designs.
o Being responsible for undertaking
complex calculations or checking
colleagues’ calculations.
o Fixing any design and development
problems that occur on a project.
o Managing a project budget or
resources.
o Ensuring that the scheduling of
material and equipment purchases
and deliveries fit into a project plan.
o Making sure engineering aspects of a
project complies with regulatory
requirements like health and safety.
o Assessing the environmental impact
of projects and how a project interacts
with the natural environment.
o Aviation And Airport Civil Engineering
o Bridge Civil Engineering
o Geotechnical Engineering
 o Highways, Road, and Transportation 1. To act for his clients in professional
Engineering matters otherwise than as a faithful
o Building Construction Civil agent or trustee, or to accept any
Engineering remuneration other than his stated
o Coastal And Marine Civil Engineering charges for services rendered to his
o Offshore Civil Engineering clients.
o Nuclear Or Traditional Power Civil 2. To attempt to injure falsely or
Engineering maliciously, directly or indirectly, the
o Water Resources Engineering professional reputation, prospects, or
o Hydraulic Civil Engineering business of another Engineer.
o Rail Engineering 3. To attempt to supplant another
o Tunneling Civil Engineering Engineer after definite steps have
been taken toward his employment.
ETHICS
4. To compete with another Engineer for
o The word “Ethics” is derived for the employment on the basis of his
Latin word “Ethicus” and the Greek professional charges, by reducing his
word “Ethikos”. usual charges and in his manner
o a rational reflection on what is right, attempting to underbid after being
what is wrong, what is just, what is informed of the charges named by
unjust, what is good and what is bad in another.
terms of human behavior. 5. To review the work of another Engineer
o an arrangement of decent principles for the same client, except with the
and a branch of attitude which defines knowledge or consent of such
what is good for individuals and Engineer, or unless the connection of
society. such Engineer with the work has been
o refers to the evaluation of moral terminated.
values, principles and standards of 6. To advertise in self-laudatory
human conduct and its application in language, or in any other manner
daily life to determine acceptable derogatory to the dignity of the
human behavior. Profession.
7. To use the advantages of a salaried
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES:
position to compete unfairly with
1. Truthfulness Engineers in private practice.
2. Honesty 8. To act in any manner or engage in any
3. Loyalty practice will tend to bring discredit on
4. Respect the honor or dignity of the Civil
5. Fairness Engineering Profession.
6. Integrity
The word “CLIENTS” is considered to be
CIVIL ENGINEER’S CODE OF ETHICS inclusive of the meaning of the word
“EMPLOYERS”.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES:
Civil Engineers (CE) uphold and advance the
integrity, honor, and dignity of the CE
profession by:
1. Using their knowledge and skill for the
enhancement of human welfare and
the environment.
2. Being honest and impartial and serving
with fidelity to the public, their
employers/employees and clients.
3. Striving to increase the competence
and prestige of the CE profession.
4. Supporting the professional and
technical societies of their disciplines.
FUNDAMENTAL CANONS
1. Civil engineers (CE) shall uphold
paramount the safety, health and
welfare of the public and shall strive
to comply with the principles of
sustainable development in the
performance of their duties.
a. CE shall recognize that the
lives, safety, health and
welfare of the general public
are dependent upon
engineering judgements,
decisions, and practices
incorporated into structures,
machines, products,
processes and devices.
b. CE shall approve or seal only
those design documents,
reviewed or prepared by them,
which are determined to be
safe for public health and
welfare in conformity with
accepted engineering
standards.
c. CE whose professional
judgement is overruled under
circumstances where the
safety, health and welfare of
the public are endangered, or
the principles of sustainable
development ignored, shall
inform their clients or
employers of the possible
consequences.
d. CE who has knowledge or
reason to believe that another
person or firm may be in
violation of any of the
provisions of Canon 1 shall
present such information to
the proper authority in writing
and shall cooperate with the
proper authority in furnishing
such further information or
assistance as may be required.
e. CE should seek opportunities
to be of constructive service in
civic affairs and work for the
advancement of the safety,
health and well-being of their
communities, and the
protection of the environment
through the practice of
sustainable development.
f. CE should be committed to
improving the environment by
adherence to the principles of
sustainable development so
as to enhance the quality of life
of the general public.
2. Civil engineers shall perform
services only in areas of their
competence.
a. CE shall undertake to perform
engineering assignments only
 when qualified by education or
experience in the technical
field of engineering involved.
b. CE may accept an assignment
requiring education or
experience outside of their
own fields of competence,
provided their services are
restricted to those phases of
the project in which they are
qualified. All other phases of
such a project shall be
performed by qualified
associates, consultants, or
employees.
c. CE shall not affix their
signatures or seals to any civil
engineering plan or document
dealing with subject matter in
which they lack competence
by virtue of education or
experience or to any such plan
or document not reviewed or
prepared under their
supervision or control.
d. CE shall not use The Specialty
Engineering Title such as
Structural Engineer,
Transportation Engineer, Water
Engineer, Geotechnical
Engineer, Construction
Engineer, etc. without the PICE
Specialist Accreditation.
3. Civil engineers shall issue public
statements only in an objective and
truthful manner.
a. CE should endeavor to extend
the public knowledge of civil
engineering and sustainable
development, and shall not
participate in the
dissemination of untrue, unfair
or exaggerated statements
regarding civil engineering.
b. CE shall be objective and
truthful in professional
reports, statements, or
testimony. They shall include
all relevant and pertinent
information in such reports,
statements, or testimony.
c. CE, when serving as expert
witnesses, shall express civil
engineering opinion only when
it is founded upon adequate
knowledge of the facts, upon a
background of technical
competence, and upon honest
conviction.
d. CE shall issue no statements,
criticisms, or arguments on
civil engineering matters
which are inspired or paid for
by interested parties, unless
they indicate on whose behalf
the statements are made.
e. CE shall be dignified and
modest in explaining their
work and merit and will avoid
any act tending to promote
their own interests at the
expense of the integrity, honor
and dignity of the civil
engineering profession and/or
related professions.
4. Civil engineers shall act in
professional matters for each
employer or client as faithful agents
or trustees and shall avoid conflicts
of interest.
a. CE shall avoid all known or
potential conflicts of interest
 with their employers or clients making personal profit if such
and shall promptly inform their action is averse to the interest
employers or clients of any of their clients, employers or
business association, the public.
interests or circumstances g. CE shall not accept
which could influence their professional employment
judgement or the quality of outside of their regular work or
their services. interest without the knowledge
b. CE shall not accept of their employers.
compensation from more than 5. Civil engineers shall build their
one party for services on the professional reputation on the merit
same project, or for services of their services and shall not
pertaining to the same project, compete unfairly with others.
unless the circumstances are a. CE shall not give, solicit or
fully disclosed to and agreed receive either directly or
to, by all interested projects. indirectly, any political
c. CE shall not solicit or accept contribution, gratuity or
gratuities, directly or indirectly, unlawful consideration in
from contractors, their agents, order to secure work, exclusive
or other parties dealing with of securing salaried positions
their clients or employers in through employment
connection with work for agencies.
which they are responsible. b. CE should negotiate contracts
d. CE in public services as for professional services fairly
matters, advisors or and on the basis of
employees of a governmental demonstrated competence
body or department shall not and qualifications for the type
participate in consideration or of professional service
actions with respect to required.
services solicited or provided c. CE may request, propose or
by them or their organization in accept professional
private or public engg practice. commissions on a contingent
e. CE shall advise their basis only under
employers or clients when, as circumstances in which their
a result of their studies, they professional judgements
believe a project will not be would not be compromised.
successful. d. CE shall not falsify or permit
f. CE shall not use confidential misrepresentation of their
information coming to them in academic or professional
the course of their qualifications or experience.
assignments as a means of
 e. CE shall give proper credit for professional practices of a
engineering work to those to fraudulent, dishonest or
whom credit is due and shall unethical nature.
recognize the proprietary 7. Civil engineers shall continue their
interests of others. Whenever professional development
possible, they shall name the throughout their careers and shall
person or persons who may be provide opportunities for the
responsible for designs, professional development of those
inventions, writings or other civil engineers under their
accomplishments. supervision.
f. CE may advertise professional a. CE should keep current in their
services in a way that does not specialty fields by engaging in
contain misleading language professional practice,
or is in any other manner participating in continuing
derogatory to the dignity of the education courses, reading in
profession. the technical literature, and
g. CE shall not maliciously or attending professional
falsely, directly or indirectly, meetings and seminars.
injure the professional b. CE should encourage their
reputation, prospects, engineering employees to
practice or employment of become registered at the
another engineer or earliest possible date.
indiscriminately criticize c. CE should encourage
other’s work. engineering employees to
h. CE shall not use equipment, attend and present papers at
supplies, laboratory or office professional and technical
facilities of their employers to society meetings.
carry on outside private d. CE shall uphold the principle
practice without the consent of mutually satisfying
of their employers. relationships between
6. Civil engineers shall act in such a employers and employees
manner as to uphold and enhance with respect to terms of
the honor, integrity and dignity of the employment including
civil engineering profession. professional grade
a. Civil Engineers shall not descriptions, salary ranges,
knowingly act in a manner and fringe benefits.
which will be derogatory to the
THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
honor, integrity, or dignity of
the civil engineering The standard of practice is for Civil Engineers
profession or knowingly to be given responsibility to:
engage in business or
o Studying
 o Conceiving PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
o Designing
o CE shall conduct themselves in a
o Observing construction
highly professional manner and serve
o Assisting in the programming for
as faithful trustees or agents of their
operating and maintaining engineering
client or employers.
works.
o CE are therefore bound by the
o The health, safety, well-being and
Fundamental Canons of Ethics.
comfort of the public in using a facility,
o Care and protection of the
and the ultimate facility cost, all
environment is paramount in the Civil
depend to a considerable extent on
Engineer’s work engagement.
how well members of the project team
o CEs must always strive to maintain the
fulfill their professional and
highest standard of Ethical
contractual responsibilities.
Professional Practice in their dealing
HOW CAN YOU ESTABLISH A with clients, employers, employees,
PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP? competitors and the community.

o The Civil Engineer has obligations as CLIENT-CIVIL ENGINEER RELATIONSHIPS

trustee to the public interest as well as
o Many engineering works are
faithful to the private interests of
conceived, designed, and constructed
clients.
through the efforts of Civil Engineers
o Successfully fulfilling these
employed in governmental agencies or
responsibilities requires candor,
in industry.
mutual trust, and effective
o Other engineering projects come to
communication and understanding
fruition through the efforts of civil
between the CE and the client.
engineering firms engaged for a
o Only in this way can a professional
specific project or program by public
relationship be established, and a
agencies or private clients.
successful project implemented.
o Many public and private entities, of
necessity rely on Civil Engineers as
their employees.
o Independent civil engineering firms
are also relied upon to accomplish
projects which require special
expertise beyond the normal
capabilities of the client.
o More recently clients have been
utilizing new concepts, such as
program management and design-
build, to implement projects.

OBLIGATIONS OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER

1. The CE shall perform Scope of the
Services as stated in Section 2.
(Classification of Engineering
Services)
2. The CE shall exercise reasonable skill,
care and diligence in the performance
of his/her obligations.
3. The CE shall act independently and as
required by the contract, perform with
the necessary skills and professional
judgement, when required to certify,
decide or exercise discretion between
OBLIGATION OF THE CLIENT
the Client and a Third party with whom
the Client has a contract.
4. The CE is authorized to act as the
Client’s faithful agent when required
but only as implied in Section 2 or
implied in the contract adopted for the
project.
5. When aware of any matters which will
change or have changed the scope of
the services, the CE shall give written
notice to the Client containing
particulars of the change.
6. For Specified Staged Services, the CE
shall not initiate or proceed with any
subsequent stage of the Services
without the approval of the Client.
7. When required, the CE shall direct and
cooperate with all other professionals
and integrate their work where
applicable into that being undertaken
by the CE and other professionals but
shall not be professionally liable for
their work.
8. The CE shall notify the Client of any
interest the CE has which may
significantly conflict with the interests
of the Client under their Contract.
9. The CE may recommend specialist
suppliers and/or contractors to design
and execute certain parts of the
Works, in which case the CE shall
coordinate the design if such part or
parts with the overall design of the
Works, but he shall be relieved of all
responsibility for the design,
manufacture, installation and
performance of any such part or parts
of the Works. The CE shall not be liable
for acts of negligence, default or
omission by such person or persons.
1. The Client shall pay the CE for the
services, the amount of fees and
expenses set out in or determined in
their Agreement.
2. The Client shall provide the CE within
reasonable time (that does not result
in delay to the provision of the
Services), all information required by
the CE in the performance of his
services and a decision in writing on all
matters properly referred to the Client
in writing.
3. The Client shall cooperate with the CE
and shall not interfere with or obstruct
the proper performance of the
Services.
4. The Client shall, as soon as
practicable, make arrangements to
enable the CE to enter the site and
inspect facilities needed in the
performance of his services.
5. The Client shall arrange for the
provision of services from other
professionals or others as may be
required and bear all costs.
6. When the CE is required to administer
the work of other professionals or
other third parties who are directly
 contracted by the Client or when the
CE is required to act as Engineer-to-
the-Contract for any contract on
behalf of the Client then all
instructions by the Client shall be
given through the CE.
7. When aware of any matter which will
change or has changed the scope of
the CE’s services, the Client shall
notify in writing within 7days the CE
containing the particulars of the
change.
LIABILITY OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND THE
CLIENT
o The Civil Engineer shall only be liable
to pay damages to the Client arising
out of or in connection with their
Agreement if a breach of duty or care is
established against the Civil Engineer.
o The Client shall only be liable to pay
DAMAGES
damages to the Civil Engineer if a
breach of the Client’s duty to the Civil
Engineer is established against the
Client.
CIVIL ENGINEER’S RESPONSIBILITY OF
LIMITATION
1. The CE shall have no responsibility or
liability for costs, loss or damage of
whatsoever nature arising from any
errors in or omission from data,
documents, plans, design or
specifications not prepared by the CE,
or other personnel under the direct
control of the CE, and arising from any
act or omission or lack of performance
or any negligent or fraudulent act or
omission by the Client or any Other
Consultant, Contractor or supplier to
the Client or any employee or agent of
the Client, other Consultants,
Contractors or suppliers.
2. Notwithstanding any
recommendation or lack of
recommendation made by the CE to
the client, the CE shall not be held to
have made any warranty or promise as
to the suitability, competence or
performance of any other Consultant,
Contractor, Supplier or other 3rd party.
3. The CE shall not be responsible for the
techniques, method, programs,
sequences or procedures adopted by
any Contractor, or 3rd party
responsible for executing any aspects
of the Project, nor for their
performance on time, their failure to
carry out the work in accordance with
any contract documents or for any
other acts or omissions.
1. Damages payable shall be limited to
the amount of reasonably foreseeable
loss and damage suffered as a direct
result of such breach.
2. The maximum amount of damages
payable in respect of liability, whether
under the law of contract, or
otherwise, is limited to the amount
specified in the Specific Provision or, if
no such amount or provision is
specified, to the lesser of P300,000.00
or 10% of the total amount of damages
of the portion of the work attributable
to the CE’s breach of duty or 25% of the
total of fees payable under their
Agreement.
3. If found to be liable, in circumstances
where the acts or omissions of a 3rd
party have contributed to the loss or
 damage, the proportion of damages o Feasibility Studies
payable by the party found liable shall o Field investigations and engineering
be limited to that proportion which is data collection
attributable to that party’s breach of o Environmental assessments, impact
duty, whether the claims are made statements or engineering reports
under contract or otherwise. o Opinions of probable construction
cost
SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION OF
o Preliminary and final designs,
SERVICE
drawings, specifications and
o The Client may suspend all or part of construction bidding documents
the Services or terminate the o Assistance in securing construction
Agreement by written notice of not less bids and in awarding contracts
than 30 days to the CE who shall o Construction administration and
immediately make arrangements to observation
stop the Services and minimize further o Arrangements for performance of
expenditure. testing of materials and equipment
o Assistance in start-up, assessment of
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
capacity, and operation of facilities
o If a dispute arises on either party, then o Preparation of operation and
that party shall by notice in writing maintenance manuals.
served on the other party of the details o Appraisals and rate studies
of the dispute and request that the o Value engineering
dispute be resolved by conciliation. o Expert testimony
o If the matter in dispute is not resolved o Assessment of risks
in conciliation between the parties o Structural remediation or
within the prescribed time, then the rehabilitation
matter in dispute shall be referred to o Project management and controls
arbitration. o Provision of supplemental temporary
staff
OWNERSHIP OF DATA, DEISGNS AND
o Teaching
DOCUMENTS
SPECIALIZATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
o The design analyses, drawings,
specifications and reproductions o Structural Engineering
thereof are instruments of service o Geotechnical Engineering
owned by the Professional Engineer o Water Engineering
and shall be used only for the specific o Transportation Engineering
project covered by the agreement o Construction Management
between the Client and Engineer. o Environmental and Energy Engineering
(NEW)
CIVIL ENGINEERING SERVICES
o Academe (NEW)
o Design, consultations and advice.
 REQUIREMENTS: 10 years’ relevant
experience per field.
SELECTION OF A CIVIL ENGINEER
o Once a Civil Engineer is selected,
detailed discussions between the
engineer and client to define the scope
and expectations of the engineering
services to be provided, are essential
before negotiating a fee for services.
o A clearly defined scope of services
greatly reduces the potential for
misunderstandings or confusion
which can later evolve into project
delays and claims for additional
compensation.
o A detailed scope of services protects
the interest of both the client and the
consultants.
IN SELECTING, CLIENTS SHOULD
CONSIDER THE FOLLOWNG:
o Qualification
o Experience
o Reputation
o Quality of Client Service
EMPLOYMENT
o Consulting Firms
o Government agencies
o Educational Institutions
o Construction Firms
o Manufacturing
o Commercial Entities
DESIGN COMPETITION
o Based on proposal or an innovative
approach to solving a client’s needs.
o Competing firms are normally
shortlisted from a number of
engineers responding to a client’s
solicitation either directly, by a letter
request or indirectly through a
newspaper or other form or
publication.
CONTINGENCY BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT
o Canon 5c or the PICE Code of Ethics
provides that “Engineers may request,
propose or accept professional
commissions on a contingency basis
only under circumstances in which
their professional judgments would
not be compromised.”
o contingent commissions are
permissible, it is the general view of
PICE that it is not in the best interest of
the client or the public for the Civil
Engineer to provide professional
services on a contingency basis.
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OF FOREIGN
CIVIL ENGINEERS
Foreign Engineers are allowed by law (RA
8981) to practice civil engineering in the
Philippines under the following instances:
1. The laws of the foreigner’s state or
country allow the citizens of the
Philippines to practice civil
 engineering on the same basis and
grant the same privileges as those
enjoyed by the subjects or citizens of
such foreign state or country.
2. Allowed under international
agreement.
3. Consultants to be engaged in foreign-
funded, joint venture or foreign-
assisted projects of the government.
4. Employees of the Philippine or foreign
private institutions pursuant to law.
5. CE who was former citizens of the
Philippines, who had been registered
and issued a certificate of registration
and a professional identification card
prior to their naturalization as foreign
citizens, and who, while in the country
on a visit, sojourn or permanent
residence, desire to practice their
profession.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING
SERVICES
TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURE (UNDER CIVIL
ENGINEERING DOMAIN):
Airports and hangars – Streets, bridges,
highways and railroads
Buildings – Portworks, canals, river and shore
improvements, light houses and dry docks.
Tunnels – Fixed structures for irrigation, flood
protection, drainage, water supply and
sewerage works.
SEVEN CATEGORIES
1. Consultations, research,
investigations and reports
2. Design services for construction
projects.
3. Construction Services
4. Special service for construction
projects
5. Engineering support services
6. Academic services
7. Services as Employee
(1) CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH,
INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS
1. Preliminary and feasibility
investigations and reports - precede
the authorization of a capital project
and may involve extensive
investigations, analyses of conditions,
and comparison of several possible
plans.
2. Planning Studies - the broad areas of
developing the engineering
requirements of master plans for long-
range capital improvement programs,
preparation of preliminary engineering
of land development plans, urban
plans, and regional plans, and the
investigation of environmental impact
studies with subsequent engineering
planning to improve or maintain
existing conditions.
3. Appraisal, valuations and rate
studies – This may include
investigations and analyses of existing
conditions, capital and operating
costs; overhead costs and costs of
financing; and revenues as needed to
evaluate a property or to recommend
establishment of prospective rates.
4. Assistance in financial matters – This
may include an evaluation of
capabilities of existing or proposed
facilities to meet present and
projected future needs, statements of
probable construction costs, and an
 estimate of annual revenue l. Toxic and hazardous waste
requirements, with a determination of evaluation
appropriate rates to provide this m. Permit and application
income. services.
5. Materials Engineering and n. Sales and marketing services
Equipment Tests – These may include o. Expert witness
tests of materials and equipment p. Representation of municipal or
under established codes and private entities in projects
standards, specialized examination of proposed for privatization.
equipment and materials used in
construction and industry, and other
inspections and monitoring required (2) DESIGN SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION
by client. PROJECTS
6. Direct Personal Services - This
SIX STANDARDS PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION
includes services such as assistance
PROJECT:
in preparation for legal proceedings.
7. Research and development – 1. Study and report phase
a. Development of new 2. Preliminary design phase
construction materials and 3. Final design phase
methods from concept to 4. Bidding or negotiating phase
commercialization. 5. Construction phase
b. Improvement of construction 6. Operation phase
materials and methods
STUDY AND REPORT PHASE
through exhaustive studies to
reduce total construction cost o Analysis of the client’s needs,
and at the same time improve conceptual design, conceptual
quality. opinions of probable construction
8. Special services cost.
a. Value engineering o This phase involves determination of
b. Appraisal and valuation project scope and economic and
c. Load testing technical evaluation of feasible
d. Environmental evaluations alternatives.
e. Traffic engineering a) Reviewing available data and
f. Operational assistance consulting with the client to
g. Material process design clarify and define the client’s
h. Pilor studies requirements for the project.
i. Forensic engineering for b) Advising the client as to the
structural and other failures necessity of providing or
j. Computer modelling obtaining from others
k. Safety engineering additional data or services and
 assisting the client in obtaining
such data and services.
c) Identifying and analyzing
requirements of governmental
authorities having jurisdiction
to approve the design of the
project and participating in
consultations with such
authorities.
d) Providing analyses of the
clients needs, planning
surveys, comparative
evaluations of prospective
sites and solutions.
e) Providing a general economic
analysis of the client’s
requirements applicable to
various alternatives.
FINAL DESIGN PHASE
f) Preparing a report and
presenting alternative
solutions available to the
client with the Civil Engineer’s
findings and
recommendations.
PRELIMINARY DESIGN PHASE
o Preparation of final design criteria,
preliminary drawings, outline
specifications, and preliminary
opinions of probable construction
cost.
o This phase involves the establishment
of the general size and scope of the
project and its location on the
selected site.
a) Consulting with the client,
reviewing preliminary reports,
clarifying and defining the
project requirements,
reviewing available data, and
discussing general scheduling.
b) Advising the client as to
whether additional data or
services of the type described
under the study and report
phase above are required and
assisting the client in obtaining
such data and services.
c) Preparing preliminary design
documents consisting of final
design criteria, preliminary
drawings, outline
specifications, and written
descriptions of the project.
d) Preparing revised estimates of
probable total project costs.
e) Providing periodic status
reports.
o Preparation of design calculations,
construction drawings, specifications,
estimated construction cost, and
other contract documents.
o This phase of project development is
usually undertaken only after the
client has approved the preliminary
design phase material.
a) Preparing construction
drawings and specifications
showing the character and
extent of the project based on
the accepted preliminary
design documents.
b) Preparing and furnishing to the
client a revised estimate of
probable total project costs
based on the final drawings
and specifications.
c) Furnishing the necessary
engineering data and assisting
in the application for
 regulatory permits from local, c) Assisting the client in
or national authorities. determining the qualifications
d) Preparing basic documents and acceptability of
related to construction prospective contractors,
contracts for review and subcontractors and materials
approval by the client (and the suppliers.
client’s legal and other d) Consulting with and advising
advisors). the client as to the
e) Furnishing to the client acceptability of alternative
specified number of copies of materials and equipment
drawings, specifications and proposed by the prospective
other contract documents. constructors when
f) Providing final design and substitution prior to the award
construction services for of contracts is allowed by the
design-build contracts. bidding documents.
g) Providing periodic status e) Attending the bid opening,
reports. preparing bid tabulation
sheets and providing
BIDDING OR NEGOTIATING PHASE
assistance to the client in
o Assistance to the client with the evaluating bids or proposals
bidding or negotiating process for and in assembling and
construction of the project. awarding contracts for
o Services under this phase may construction, materials,
include: equipment and services.
a) Assisting the client in
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
advertising for and obtaining
bids or negotiating proposals o Advise and consultation on matters
for each separate prime related to his services.
construction contract, o this phase involve consulting with and
maintaining a record of advising the client during construction
prospective bidders to whom and are usually those associated with
bidding documents have been service as the client’s representative.
issued, attending pre-bid a) Reviewing, for compliance
conferences, and receiving with design concepts, shop
and processing deposits for and erection drawings
bidding documents. submitted by the constructors.
b) Issuing addenda as b) Reviewing laboratory, shop,
appropriate to interpret, and mill test reports on
clarify, expand or amend the materials and equipment.
bidding documents. c) Visiting the project site at
appropriate intervals as
 construction proceeds to j) Preparing record drawings
observe and report on the from information submitted by
progress and the quality of the the contractor.
executed work. k) Making a final inspection and
d) Providing services during reporting on completion of the
construction by a full-time project, including
resident project recommendations concerning
representative, and by final payments to contractors
supporting staff as required, to and release of retained
enable construction to be percentages.
accomplished in conformance
OPERATION PHASE
to the construction drawings,
specifications, and other o Assistance to the client in start-up and
contract documents. operation of the project, including
e) Issuing instructions from the periodic inspections.
client to the contractors, o At the completion of construction, the
issuing necessary Civil Engineer may as a basic service,
interpretations and assist in the start-up of project
clarifications of contract operations.
documents, preparing change o The Civil Engineer may be
orders, requiring special commissioned to prepare a manual for
inspections and testing of the both operation and maintenance
work, and making requirements and may also provide
recommendations as to assistance in adjusting and balancing
acceptability of the work. equipment, identifying deficiencies
f) Making recommendations to and assisting in obtaining corrections,
the client on corrective actions and performing inspection prior to the
or contractual measures that end of the project warranty period.
may be exercised by the owner. o The Civil Engineer may assist in
g) Preparing sketches required to operator training, setting up job
resolve problems due to actual classifications and salaries, organizing
field conditions encountered. the purchase of supplies developing
h) Determining amounts of charts for recording operational data,
progress payments due, based and observing and reporting on project
on degree of completion of the operations.
work, and recommending
issuance of such payments by
the client. (3) CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
i) Observing and assisting
o A registered Civil Engineer may provide
performance tests and initial
the services of a supporting technical
operation of the project.
employee as required of a
 construction company. He shall
however, be paid the professional
fees, in addition to his regular salary,
for any design work he performs for
which he signs as professional Civil
Engineer and/or engineer on record.
o A Civil Engineer may be employed as a
construction engineer, resident Civil
Engineer, project engineer, quality
control engineer, cost engineer, or
engineer inspector in a project.
o In accordance with section 23 of
RA544, only registered Civil Engineers
can take charge or supervise
construction or alteration of any
building or structure and any other civil
engineering works mentioned in
Section 2 of the mentioned Republic
Act.
o The Civil Engineer when employed is
similarly required to comply with the
code of ethics of the profession as the
consulting Civil Engineer.
(4) SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS
1. Geotechnical Engineering - including
test borings, sampling and analysis,
and recommendations.
2. Special studies, tests and process
determinations to establish design
criteria or demonstrate compliance.
3. Mill, shop, or laboratory inspections of
the materials and equipment.
4. Additional copies of reports,
construction drawings, specifications,
and other documents as required for
bidding and construction beyond the
number specified in the Basic Services
agreement.
5. Extra travel and subsistence as
defined by the agreement for
engineering services.
6. Value Engineering - including review
of the work of other engineers, either
within the same organization or in
other firms to determine whether a
proposed solution is optimum and, if
not, to suggest a better approach for
meeting the project’s functional and
financial criteria.
7. Redesign to reflect changes requested
by the client or necessitated by the
client’s acceptance of substitutions
proposed by the contractor.
8. Assistance to the client as an expert
witness in litigation in connection with
the project or in hearings before
approving and regulatory agencies.
9. Final investigations involving detailed
consideration of operation,
maintenance, and overhead
expenses; preparation of final rate
schedules and earning and expense
statements; appraisals, valuations,
and material audits or inventories
required for certification of force
account construction performed by
the client or for extra work done by the
contractor.
10. Preparation of detailed applications
and supporting documents grants or
advances for public works projects.
11. Preparation of environmental
assessment and impact statements
and other assistance to the client in
connection with public hearings.
12. Additional studies and design efforts
to meet special conditions
encountered during construction.
 13. Assistance to the client in the 8981, all subjects for licensure
selection and engagement of examinations shall be taught
architects, other engineers, by person’s who are holders of
contractors and subcontractors, and valid certificates of
observation and approval of their registration/professional
services or work contacts with licenses and professional
governmental agencies to obtain identification cards, or special
permits and documents; and other temporary permits, or a valid
services related to project certificate of competency for
development. the profession issued by the
14. Assessment of a completed project’s Commission, and who comply
ability to meet its design intent relative with the other requirements of
to capacity, maintainability, the CHED.
operability, or reliability. b. Lecturing in civil engineering
15. Computer simulation and modelling. courses designed by the
Philippine Institute of Civil
Engineers for practicing
(5) ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES engineers who want to obtain
CPD credits.
The professional services described above
c. Conducting tutorials/refresher
often require engineering support.
courses on civil engineering
Example: concepts and related
subjects.
For Geotechnical engineering, it frequently
d. Serving as a resource speaker
requires services such as taking soil and rock
in Technical Sessions.
borings, excavating test pit sampling and
e. Writing technical articles and
identifying soil and earth materials, field and
pamphlets.
laboratory tests and geophysical
measurements and observations.

(7) SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE

(6) ACADEMIC SERVICES This is a condition when a Civil Engineer

engages to perform work or fulfill duties
o These services involve full or part time
regularly for wages or salary being paid by an
teaching or training of prospective
employer:
professionals and also the upgrading
of knowledge and skills of fellow o A Civil Engineer may be employed for
professionals. any position or function in any
a. Teaching of civil engineering commercial or institutional
courses in engineering organization.
colleges/universities on o Where he is performing civil
part/full time basis. As per RA engineering functions, he is required
 to follow the code of ethics for Civil
Engineers and comply with the
standards and guidelines of this
manual.
o A licensed Civil Engineer may not
allow his license to be used by the
company that employs him without
the proper agreement for his
professional services.
o A Civil Engineer in part time
employment with a firm is considered
to be an employee and at the same
time a consultant of the firm. Any Civil
Engineer employed as an individual
consultant of any firm, whether the
firm is performing engineering,
commercial, administrative,
management or financial services is
required to comply with the
requirements and the standards
herein established for a consulting
Civil Engineering firm or consulting
Civil Engineer.
o All Government Civil Engineers
employed by the instrumentalities of
the Government e.g national and local,
shall be governed by pertinent existing
laws and regularities and particularly
to those prescribed by the Civil Service
Commission.
o In case of any conflict with any of the
provisions of this Manual of Practice,
such pertinent laws and regulations
shall take precedence and shall
govern.