PRACTICAL ARTICLES

ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT

Microscope Introduction

Nanda Syafira 1*

1
ICP of Biology Education, Group 6, Biology Education, Makassar State University, Indonesia.

Abstract
Galileo Galilei claimed to be the first inventor of the microscope in 1610. Microscope is a tool that serves to
see small objects that are difficult to see with the naked eye.One of the plants that can be used as a
maceration method that is part of the stem of the plant drool.The stem of the drooping plant has a soft texture
so that it is easily observed and suitable for tracheal cells to be seen using the maceration method..Drool is a
medicinal plant that belongs to the labiatae family..Droll plants are able to grow optimally in the lowlands to
an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level, and grow wild around rivers or fields (Rakhman, 2012). Based
on the results of the practicum, it can be concluded that there are various types of biological microscopes but
which are often used for practicum there are two types, namely monocular and binocular microscopes.the
microscope also has various parts, namely the eyepiece lens, tube (tube ocular), revolver(objective player),
objective, condenser, preparation table, mirror, lamp, macrometer, micrometer, coarse regulator weevil, fine
regulator weevil, axis of inclination condenser regulator weevil, holder, stalk, microscope foot,
base..Monocular and binocular microscopes have differences, the most specific difference lies in the lens.if
Monocular Lens one is ocular while binoculars have two lenses are ocular and objective..Biology practicum
about microscope introduction is quite helpful for us as praktikan before we do actual practical work.but it
would be nice if the microscope equipment can be added so that praktikan can be more effective to practice.

Keywords: Binocular; Microscope; Object

INTRODUCTION
The first person to think of making a microscope was Zacharias Janssen. Janssen
himself is a daily work that makes glasses. Hans Janssen invented the first microscope in
1590. The first microscope made at that time was able to see magnification of objects up to
150 times the original size. The invention of the microscope at that time prompted other
scientists, such as Galileo Galilei (Italy), to make the same tool. Galileo even claimed to be
the first inventor who had made this tool in 1610. Galileo completed the manufacture of the
microscope in 1609 and the microscope he made was given the same name as its inventor, the
Galileo microscope. This type of microscope uses an optical lens, so it is called an optical
microscope. Microscopes assembled from optical lenses have a limited ability to magnify the
size of objects. This is due to the diffraction limit of light determined by the wavelength of
light. Theoretically, the wavelength of this light is only up to about 200 nanometers. After
that a Dutchman named Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) continued to develop
microscopic magnification. Antony Van Leeuwenhoek was not a professional researcher or
scientist. The real profession is as a 'wine terster' in the city of Delf, Netherlands. He used to
use a magnifying glass to observe the fibers in the fabric. But his great curiosity for the
universe made him one of the discoverers of microbiology. The benefits of microscopy in the
world of Agriculture is to observe plant tissue and to examine the types of diseases that exist
in tumbhan thus farmers will be helped by the microscope.
Microorganisms are living things with a very small body size so it needs a tool that
has a high magnification to observe these microorganisms. That tool is a microscope.
Microscope is a tool that serves to see small objects that are difficult to see with the naked
eye. The most common type of microscope is an optical microscope, in which the microscope
consists of one or more lenses that produce an enlarged image. Based on the light source,
microscopes are divided into two, namely light microscopes and electron microscopes.
Based on its observation activities, light microscopes are divided into dissection microscopes
for observing the surface of microorganisms, and monocular and binocular microscopes for
observing the inside of microorganism cells.
The science of microscopy is thought to have begun when some of our
ancestors in prehistoric times picked up a round piece of rock crystal or volcanic rock and
saw other objects magnified by the glass stone. We know that for thousands of years man has
been trying to expand the power of his vision with the help of devices that can enlarge the
objects seen. Ancient carvers in the Middle East used glass balls filled with water to enlarge
the objects they were sculpting. Crystal stone circles are used in the same way. Simple
reading lenses were common in the Roman Empire. Development in this field was slow over
the following centuries. However, by the end of the XVI century rubbing lenses has become a
highly developed art. Near the end of the XVI century, a great surprise occurred when a
Dutch optician combined several lenses to create the first known combined microscope.
Improvements in the lens and design of its equipment continued in the following years that
last until now. The science of microscopy continues to evolve as before.
The microscope was originally created in 1590 by Zaccharis Janssen and Hans, a
Dutch optician. In 1610, Galileo, a modern physicist and astronomer, used a microscope to
observe natural phenomena. A few years later Antonie van Leuwenhoek of the Netherlands
made a microscope with a single lens that could magnify the observed object 300 times. In
1663 Robert Hooke, an English scientist examined insects and plants with a microscope. he
found small cells of Cork. Antony Van Leuwenhoek.it was he who first used the microscope
even in its simplest form on the field of microbiology. Microscope comes from the word"
Micro " which means small and scoplum (sight). A microscope is an object useful for
providing magnified images of objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. The
microscope consists of several parts that have their own functions.

METHOD
 The tools and material that used in practicum trhere is, binocular microscope 1 piece,
prepared glass 3 pieces, cover glass 3 pieces, ruler 1 piece, tissue 1 box, stationery 1 set.
And the materials there is, squamous epithelium preparations, flat-coated epithelium of the
renal bowman capsule, ceratinized-coated flat epithelium of the human skin, dylindrical-
coated epithelium of the mammalian ileum preparations, pseudo-coated epithelium of the
bronchi, cube-coated epithelium of the sweat gland ducts, transitional epithelium of the renal
pelvis, glandular epithelium pengamaten. And the work procedure in this practicum we must
perform observation of epithelial tissue preparate of each unit activities. Observe the
photomicroscope image on each unit of activity. Photomicroscopy results show the parts that
must you observe. Describe the photomicroscopy results select the answer that has been
provided. Use description is to give the name of the section on the results your observation.
Each unit is equipped with question or description of the object. Answer the question or
description the object is to train your ability to report results of observation.

RESULT
Table 1. Result of Practical Activities

No. Documentation Description

1. 1. Eyepiece
2. Tube
3. Arm
4. Revolver
5.Objective lens
6.Object table
7. Clamp
8. - Condenser
9. Diaphragm
10. Table navigation
11. Light source
12. Rough player
13. Smooth player
14. Foot or pedestal

DISCUSSION
Understanding the microscope can be understood as an optical tool that is useful for
AIDS in seeing and observing objects that are so small that they cannot be seen with only the
naked eye. So, in simple terms a microscope is a tool to see very small objects, or micro. The
word microscope itself comes from the latin “Micro” which means small and the word
“scopein” which means to see. So, a microscope is defined as a device for viewing small
objects. These small objects are seen by enlarging the size of the shadow of the object to
many times its actual size. With a microscope, the image of an object can be magnified up to
40 times, 100 times, even up to 1000 times. This higher magnification can be further
increased along with the technology that is also growing. In fact, now we have also found a
fairly sophisticated electron microscope. Electron microscopes have the extraordinary ability
to magnify the size of objects, namely by scaling up to 1,000,000 times the size of the real
object.
The inventor of the microscope was Anthony Van Leewenhoek. The invention of the
microscope is very helpful for researchers and scientists to be able to observe microscopic
objects. In particular, there is also a branch of science that studies very small or microscopic
objects carried out using a microscope. This branch of science is the science of microscopy.
Microscope Function it has been mentioned that the presence of this microscope is very
helpful to researchers and scientists because the function of the microscope is very large. The
main function of the microscope itself is to see and observe objects that have a very small
size that cannot be seen using only the naked eye. Some types of microscopes are also made
in order to be able to observe objects by producing more detailed images. However, basically
the function of the microscope remains anchored in its main function to observe small
objects.
Preparation is the act or process of making or preparing something become available,
pathological or anatomical specimens are ready and preserved for research and examination
(Dorland, 2002). Maceration is one of the preparation manufacturing techniques used to see
the whole cell. The working principle of this manufacturing technique is by breaking off the
middle lamella from the plant cell. Termination middle lamella aims to separate the cell with
other cells so that cells can be seen as a whole unit. This technique is very useful. A lot of
research performs this technique to extract a substance or a specific part of the cell plants.
Maceration preparation is a preparation that the manufacturing process by means of artificial
decay (softening certain tissues) with using liquid macerator. Easy tissue rotting process
destroyed will be wasted, while the tissue is not damaged by liquid the macerator will remain
viable and intact. Maceration method can be used on all plants that will used as a preparatory
object. One of the plants that can be used as a maceration method that is part of the stem of
the plant drool.
The stem of the drooping plant has a soft texture so that it is easily observed and
suitable for tracheal cells to be seen using the maceration method. Drool is a medicinal plant
that belongs to the labiatae family. Droll plants are able to grow optimally in the lowlands to
an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level, and grow wild around rivers or fields (Rakhman,
2012).

CONCLUSION
 Based on the results of the practicum, it can be concluded that there are
various types of biological microscopes but which are often used for practicum there are two
types, namely monocular and binocular microscopes.the microscope also has various parts,
namely the eyepiece lens, tube (tube ocular), revolver(objective player), objective, condenser,
preparation table, mirror, lamp, macrometer, micrometer, coarse regulator weevil, fine
regulator weevil, axis of inclination condenser regulator weevil, holder, stalk, microscope
foot, base. Monocular and binocular microscopes have differences, the most specific
difference lies in the lens.if Monocular Lens one is ocular while binoculars have two lenses
are ocular and objective. Biology practicum about microscope introduction is quite helpful
for us as praktikan before we do actual practical work.but it would be nice if the microscope
equipment can be added so that praktikan can be more effective to practice.

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Bradbury. S. 1967. The Evolution of The Microscope. University of Oxford: Library of
Congress Card No. 67-18485
Groeger. Sabine, Meyle Joerg. 2019. Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells. Dapartement of
Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany. Doi: 10.3389
Merlina. Dita. 2021. Pengembangan Kinerja Mikroskop Barkamera untuk Alat Praktikum
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Penelitian. Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda. Vol 4 (1) 2021, 15-20
Sulistiyawati. Sutriyono. 2021. Pengaruh Penguasaan Penggunaan Mikroskop Binokuler
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Suparti. 2019. Mikroskop. Semarang:ALPRIN
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