HUM 01: ARTS

APPRECIATION
BRETT ANDREW RIKKE P. BUNGCAYAO
Instructor 1
bpbungcayao@mmsu.edu.ph
Shout out to MR. EDMAR S. DELOS SANTOS for making this PPT ☺

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

UNIT VII:
Art History/
Movement
 At the end of the lesson, you must have:
• Recalled facts and concepts about pre-historic, Egyptian and
classical arts;
• Compared and contrasted styles, characteristics, and kinds of
artworks made during pre-historic, Egyptian and classical
periods;
• Distinguished pre-historic, Egyptian and classical art based on
their characteristics.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

 UNIT VII. Lesson 1

• Pre-Historic Art
• Egyptian Art
• Classical Art

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

WARM UP
Can you tell? Classify the following art into
pre-historic, Egyptian, or classical.
Can you tell? Classify the following art into Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, or Classical.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

Can you tell? Classify the following art into Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, or Classical.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

Can you tell? Classify the following art into Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, or Classical.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

Can you tell? Classify the following art into Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, or Classical.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

Can you tell? Classify the following art into Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, or Classical.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

Can you tell? Classify the following art into Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, or Classical.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

Can you tell? Classify the following art into Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, or Classical.

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature

Prehistoric
Times
WHAT WORD DO YOU
ASSOCIATE WITH THE
TERM “PREHISTORIC”?
PREHISTORIC
ART
PREHISTORIC ART

Prehistoric artifacts and arts

that are produced in
preliterate and
prehistorical culture.
PREHISTORIC ART

• Paleolithic Period or Old Stone Age (30,000 BCE–10,000 BCE)

• Mesolithic Period or Middle Stone Age (10,000 BCE–8,000 BCE)
• Neolithic Period or New Stone Age (8,000 BCE–3,000 BCE)
Petroglyphs (Cupules)
• The first and oldest form of prehistoric art
was created during the Lower Paleolithic.

• Rock carvings

• From the Greek words “petros” (stone) and

“glyphein” (to carve).

• mostly found in Africa, Siberia, Scandinavia,

Nine Mile Canyon in Utah.
Australia, and southwestern North America © worldatlas.com
Cave Paintings

• The oldest cave paintings are

found in southern France and
Spain

• Cave paintings at Lascaux, France,

have been dated around 13, 000
B.C., during the Upper Paleolithic
Period.
Cave Paintings

• Made far inside of the caves

and not very accessible to
people.

• Experts believed it had

magical function (religious or
spiritual significance)
Materials
• mixing pigments of red and yellow
ochre, a natural earth substance (soil or
charcoal)

• animal fat, mixed with the ochre, and

painted onto the walls using a reed brush

• in powdered form, these ochres were

probably mouth-blown to a higher
surface through hollow reeds.
Venus Figures
(Venus of Willendorf)
• even older than the Lascaux cave paintings is a little female
statuette.

• called Venus of Willendorf -made of stone

• formed about 23, 000 years ago

• was found near a town in present-day Austria.

• a fertility image, meant to be carried around as an amulet

(agimat/anting-anting in Filipino culture)

• associated with childbearing

Stonehenge
• Located on a plain in the south
of England, United Kingdom

• structure of megaliths (large,

often undressed stone)

• stood for more than three

thousand years, around 2,000
B.C.
Stonehenge
• Weighing 50 tons or more

• functioned as a giant calendar,

codifying the changes of seasons
and stars, according to a study
conducted by the astronomer Gerald
Hawkins in 1964
Stonehenge

©Matt Cardy/ Getty Images

Egyptian
Art
EGYPTIAN ART
The Egyptians built their society
around the Nile River, which
enabled them to develop agriculture
and establish a permanent
settlement. This condition creates a
social climate that allows art to
flourish.
Hieroglyphics
• first art form of the Egyptians.

• Hieroglyph means “sacred carving” in

Greek, “in god’s words” in Egyptian.

• Writing system of Ancient Egypt

• The principal message of their art is

continuity, characterized by stability,
order, and endurance

• can be seen in their artworks such as the

Sphinx, their pyramids and mastabas,
temples, and colossal sculptures.
Hieroglyphics

©egyptabout.com ©Britannica
Hieroglyphics

©discoveregypt.com
Sphinx
• Mythological creature
• Characterized by a lion’s body and a
human’s head
• Egyptian and Greek Art and
Legend

©Matt Cardy/ Getty Images

(Britannica, n.d.)
Mastabas
• Ancient Egyptian tomb
• The mediums used are mud
brick or stone.
• It has sloping walls and a flat
roof.
• There’s a burial chamber
underground.

©The Archeologist
(Britannica, n.d.)
Colossal Statues

The Colossi of
Memnon
• Made of stone
• 59 feet high
• Memnon is a
character from
Greek Mythology ©Egypt Time Travel
Painting
• expression or definition of
concepts of accepted social values
than a mere decoration
• Stone was the major medium of art.
• For painting and sculpture, ancient
Egyptians followed the “law of
frontality” wherein the head faces
forward with the arms set close to
the body and the legs perfectly
balanced. The faces were drawn in
profile with a frontal view of the
eyes which are often
expressionless.
Law of Frontality (Frontalism)
Painting
• They used ocher and fresco-secco
(dry fresco) as their medium.
• Their style is described as
realistic and naturalistic
(Amarna Style).
Sculpture
• relief and free-standing, colossal or
life-size kings, queens, armies, and
servants
• idealized representations, immobile
of features and always frontal in
pose.
• Strong geometric emphasis was
given to the body, with the shoulders
and chest plane resembling an
inverted triangle during the Old and
Middle kingdoms. At the same time,
greater naturalism was attained during
the new kingdom.
Sculpture
“Often created as pairs to
flank the entrances to
temples, or important
sections of them, they
served as guardians,
presenting relatively
accessible images of the
ruler to his people,” The
MET Museum, n.d. Colossal Seated Statue of a Pharaoh
ca. 1919–1878 B.C
© The MET Museum
ANCIENT EGYPT
• Egypt is also known for
its:
• pyramids
• mastabas (tombs)
• temples
• palaces built on posts
known as ‘flower and
bud capitals.’
Classical
Art
WHAT WORD DO YOU
ASSOCIATE WITH THE
TERM “CLASSICAL”?
Classical Art
• originated in ancient Greece
and Rome around the 5th
and 4th centuries B.C.

• The center of classical art

was Athens, one of
Greece’s city-states.

• Athena is the god of wisdom

and military victory
Painting
• mostly done on vases

• subjects were usually

portrait, landscapes,
geometric designs, genre
scenes and mythological
characters and scenes.

• characterized by
simplicity, formality, [unknown artist]
Photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, own work, 2007-
Amasis (potter, signed), Amasis Painter

symmetry and restraint. 02-09

Sculpture
• naturalism was attained, Marble head of a goddess
figures were well
proportioned and shown in
movement

• Naturalism captures the

real world

• Gods and athletes were The Discobolus by Myron

favorite subjects of
sculpture.
Architecture
It is characterized by the
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian,
Tuscan, and Composite
columns designed by the
Greeks and the Romans.

Greek (Doric, Ionic, and

Corinthian)

Romans (Tuscan and

Composite)
GREEK ORDER OF COLUMN
ROMAN ORDER OF COLUMN
Parthenon © IVAN DMITRI/MICHAEL OCHS ARCHIVES/GETTY IMAGE

Athens, Greece
Parthenon
(447 B.C. – 432 B.C.)
• Athens, Greece
• Dedicated to the goddess
Athena, the goddess of
wisdom, war, and
handicraft.
• It took 15 years to complete
the temple of the Acropolis
of Athens.
• Sits at the top of the hill.
© IVAN DMITRI/MICHAEL OCHS ARCHIVES/GETTY IMAGE
Parthenon
(447 B.C. – 432 B.C.)
• Pecriles (Greek Stateman or
respected figure/leader) ordered
the design and construction of
the temple of Athena.
• To replace the earlier temple due to
the Persian invasion.
• Greek Architects: Ictinus and
Callicrates
• Scupltor: Phidias
• Largest Doric-style temple during
its time. © IVAN DMITRI/MICHAEL OCHS ARCHIVES/GETTY IMAGE
Parthenon
(447 B.C. – 432 B.C.)
3 MAIN AREAS
1. Metopes- 92 carved square blocks depicting the
scenes of Greek Mythology (depicts the mythical
battle between Gods and Giants, between Amazon
Warriors and the Ancient Greeks, between Centaurs
with the Lapiths, and the Trojan War.)
2. Frieze- depicts the Panathenaic procession or the
celebration of Athena’s birthday
3. Pediment- the birth of goddess Athena from the head
of her father Zeus.
Parthenon
(447 B.C. – 432 B.C.)
• Christian Church 6th century A.D.
• Muslim Ottoman Empire ( 1458 A.D.) –
It was converted into a mosque
• 1687- It was converted into an
ammunition depot and shelter.
• The temple was bombarded with
cannonballs, recording hundreds of
casualties and destruction of the
structure.
• It withstand earthquakes, fires, wars,
explosions, and looting. © IVAN DMITRI/MICHAEL OCHS ARCHIVES/GETTY IMAGE
Identify the Order of Column
Identify the Order of Column
Identify the Order of Column
Identify the Order of Column
Identify the Order of Column
Theatre/Drama
Classicism in theater or
drama is best represented by
the works of Greek
dramatists/playwrights:
Aeschylus, Sophocles, and
Euripides.
Classical Art
Classical art is
characterized by
simplicity, formality,
symmetry, and
restraint.
 ZEUS is the Olympian god of the sky
and the thunder, the king of all other
gods and men

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Zeus/zeus.html
 HERA is the wife of Zeus, the Queen of
Olympus, and the Olympian goddess of
marriage.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Hera/hera.html
 APHRODITE is the Olympian goddess of
love, beauty, sexual pleasure, and
fertility.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Aphrodite/aphrodite.html
 APOLLO is the Olympian god of light,
music and poetry, healing and plagues,
prophecy and knowledge, order and
beauty, archery and agriculture.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Apollo/apollo.html
 ARES is the Olympian god of war.
However, unlike Athena, he represents
merely its destructive capacity and is
typically the personification of sheer
violence and brutality.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Aris/aris.html
 ARTEMIS is the Olympian goddess of
the hunt, the moon, and chastity; in
time, she also became associated with
childbirth and nature.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Artemis/artemis.html
 ATHENA is the Olympian goddess of
wisdom and war and the adored
patroness of the city of Athens. A virgin
deity, she was also – somewhat
paradoxically – associated with peace
and handicrafts, especially spinning and
weaving.
Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Athena/athena.html
 HADES is the Ancient Greek god of the
Underworld, the place where human
souls go after death. In time, his name
became synonymous with his realm.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Athena/athena.html
 HEPHAESTUS is the god of blacksmiths
and fire. Called “the celestial artificer,”
he was also associated with other
craftsmen (sculptors, carpenters,
metalworkers) and, as evident in the
name of his Roman counterpart Vulcan,
with volcanoes.
Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Hephaestus/hephaestus.html
 HERMES is the winged herald and
messenger of the Olympian gods. In
addition, he is also a divine trickster,
and the god of roads, flocks, commerce,
and thieves.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Hermes/hermes.html
 POSEIDON is the violent and ill-
tempered god of the sea. One of the
Twelve Olympians, he was also feared
as the provoker of earthquakes and
worshipped as the creator of the horse.

Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Poseidon/poseidon.html
 SKY

MARRIAGE & MARITAL STABILITY WAR SEA, EARTHQUAKES AND HORSES HUNT LAW, REASON, MUSIC AND ART

MESSENGER TO
THE GODS GODDESS OF THE DOMESTIC AND
CIVIC HEARTH, THE HOME, SACRED
BEAUTY & LOVE AND SACRIFICIAL FIRE, VIRGINITY,
SON OF ZEUS, FAMILY, AND THE STATE. MEMBER
LAW, REASON, MUSIC AND ART SUPERHUMAN OF THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS.
FORGE STRENGTH
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