Nervous System Nervous System Brain Nervous System

Basics 1 Basics 2 Dysfunction Pathophysiology

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Category 1 questions follow
A college student presents with signs of meningitis,
and a lumbar puncture is performed to collect
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. Which of the
following cells are responsible for the production of
CSF?

A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes
E. Schwann cells
A college student presents with signs of meningitis,
and a lumbar puncture is performed to collect
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. Which of the
following cells are responsible for the production of
CSF?

A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes
E. Schwann cells
Name the ascending spinal tract that crosses over in the
medulla and carries fine touch, proprioception, and vibration.
Name the ascending spinal tract that crosses over in the
medulla and carries fine touch, proprioception, and vibration.

Dorsal column–medial leminiscal tract

This ascending sensory spinal tract mediates contralateral
pain, itch, and temperature sensation.
This ascending sensory spinal tract mediates
contralateral pain, itch, and temperature
sensation.

Anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract

Which two of the following are the main inhibitory
neurotransmitters of the nervous system?

A. Serotonin
B. Gaba
C. Glutamate
D. Acetylcholine
E. Norepinephrine
F. Glycine
Which two of the following are the main inhibitory
neurotransmitters of the nervous system?

A. Serotonin
B. Gaba
C. Glutamate
D. Acetylcholine
E. Norepinephrine
F. Glycine
For each clinical sign listed, specify whether its indicative of
upper motor neuron (UMN) or lower motor neuron (LMN)
damage.

1. Weakness
2. Atrophy
3. Fasciculations
4. Reflexes
5. Tone
6. Flaccid paralysis
For each clinical sign listed, specify whether its indicative of
upper motor neuron (UMN) or lower motor neuron (LMN)
damage, or both.

1. Weakness – BOTH
2. Atrophy – LMN lesion
3. Fasciculations – LMN lesion
4. Reflexes - ↑ UMN lesion; ↓ LMN lesion
5. Tone - ↑ UMN lesion; ↓ LMN lesion
6. Flaccid paralysis – LMN lesion
Category 2 questions follow
The way that neurons communicate with other neurons and
cells in the body is through:

a. Subthresholds
b. Schwann cells
c. Oligodendrocytes
d. Action potentials

Category 2
The way that neurons communicate with other neurons and
cells in the body is through:

a. Subthresholds
b. Schwann cells
c. Oligodendrocytes
d. Action potentials
The normal gaps in the myelin sheath along the
length of the axon fiber that allow for saltatory
impulse conduction are called :

a. Neurotransmitters
b. Synapses
c. Dendrites
d. Axon Hillocks
e. Nodes of Ranvier
f. Synaptic Clefts
The normal gaps in the myelin sheath along the length
of the axon fiber that allow for saltatory impulse
conduction are called :

a. Neurotransmitters
b. Synapses
c. Dendrites
d. Axon Hillocks
e. Nodes of Ranvier
f. Synaptic Clefts
 Mary is experiencing a sympathetic response. You
would expect to see all of the following except:

a. Increased heart rate and contractility

b. Smooth muscle relaxation of the bronchioles
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Constriction of the bronchiole smooth muscle

Category 2
Mary is experiencing a sympathetic response. You
would expect to see all of the following except:

a. Increased heart rate and contractility

b. Smooth muscle relaxation of the bronchioles
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Constriction of the bronchiole smooth muscle
 This is the location of the cell bodies of the sensory afferent
pain fibers that enter the posterior nerve roots of the spinal
cord:

a. Anterior Horn
b. Cauda Equina
c. Foramen Magnum
d. Celiac Ganglion
e. Dorsal Root Ganglion

Category 2
This is the location of the cell bodies of the sensory afferent
pain fibers that enter the posterior nerve roots of the spinal
cord:

a. Anterior Horn
b. Cauda Equina
c. Foramen Magnum
d. Celiac Ganglion
e. Dorsal Root Ganglion
 Which of the following is a morphine-like
neurotransmitter that acts as a natural painkiller?

A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Endorphin
D. Epinephrine
E. Serotonin

Category 2
Which of the following is a morphine-like
neurotransmitter that acts as a natural painkiller?

A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Endorphin
D. Epinephrine
E. Serotonin
Category 3 questions follow
The symptoms of ataxia, hypotonia, intention tremors, and
disturbances of gait and balance are indicative of a
neurological disorder in which part of the nervous system?

A. Cerebrum
B. Midbrain
C. Pons
D. Medulla
E. Cerebellum
The symptoms of ataxia, hypotonia, intention tremors, and
disturbances of gait and balance are indicative of a
neurological disorder in which part of the nervous system?

A. Cerebrum
B. Midbrain
C. Pons
D. Medulla
E. Cerebellum
A 39-year old woman presents with progressive
weakness in her left hand over several months,
and multiple episodes of bladder incontinence. She
admits that her vision has been blurry lately, and
that all of her symptoms are exaggerated on hot days.
She is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Damage to
which of the following cell types is responsible for
this condition?

A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes
E. Schwann cells
A 39-year old woman presents with progressive
weakness in her left hand over several months,
and multiple episodes of bladder incontinence. She
admits that her vision has been blurry lately, and
that all of her symptoms are exaggerated on hot days.
She is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Damage to
which of the following cell types is responsible for
this condition?

A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes
E. Schwann cells
Which of the following statements about C-
afferent sensory pain fibers is true?

a. These fibers transmit signals very rapidly

b. They are myelinated
c. They transmit the majority of pain signals
d. Their pain signals are highly localized in the
brain
Which of the following statements about C-
afferent sensory pain fibers is true?

a. These fibers transmit signals very rapidly

b. They are myelinated
c. They transmit the majority of pain signals
d. Their pain signals are highly localized in the
brain
Condition characterized by the loss of
ipsilateral motor, touch, proprioception, and
vibration, as well as contralateral loss of
pain and temperature sensation.
Condition characterized by the loss of
ipsilateral motor, touch, proprioception, and
vibration, as well as contralateral loss of
pain and temperature sensation.

Brown-Séquard syndrome
A 34-year-old woman presents with bladder
dysfunction, lower extremity paralysis, and bilateral
loss of pain and thermal sensation in her legs for 2
days. Her discriminative touch, vibratory sense, and
proprioception is preserved. A magnetic resonance
image (MRI) reveals a vertebral bone tumor causing
spinal compression. Which of the following best
describes the spinal compression responsible for the
patient’s symptoms?

A. Anterior cord syndrome

B. Cauda equina syndrome
C. Central cord syndrome
D. Compression of exiting roots at C5–C6
E. Compression of exiting roots at L3
A 34-year-old woman presents with bladder
dysfunction, lower extremity paralysis, and bilateral
loss of pain and thermal sensation in her legs for 2
days. Her discriminative touch, vibratory sense, and
proprioception is preserved. A magnetic resonance
image (MRI) reveals a vertebral bone tumor causing
spinal compression. Which of the following best
describes the spinal compression responsible for the
patient’s symptoms?

A. Anterior cord syndrome

B. Cauda equina syndrome
C. Central cord syndrome
D. Compression of exiting roots at C5–C6
E. Compression of exiting roots at L3
Category 4 questions follow
Characteristics of the sympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system (ANS) include

A. effector organs that have muscarinic receptors.

B. norepinephrine as the transmitter at preganglionic nerve
terminals.
C. acetylcholine as the transmitter at preganglionic nerve
terminals.
D. little divergence between pre- and postganglionic
neurons.
E. primary innervation of ciliary muscles.
Characteristics of the sympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system (ANS) include

A. effector organs that have muscarinic receptors.

B. norepinephrine as the transmitter at preganglionic nerve
terminals.
C. acetylcholine as the transmitter at preganglionic
nerve terminals.
D. little divergence between pre- and postganglionic
neurons.
E. primary innervation of ciliary muscles.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at
their target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
A 31-year-old woman presents with episodes
of hypertension, nervousness, irritability, panic
attacks, and constipation for 4 months. She complains
of sweating more than normal, even at night.
A computed tomography (CT) scan is performed
revealing a functional tumor. Based on the signs and
symptoms, where is the tumor most likely located?

A. Adrenal cortex
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Hypothalamus
D. Pancreas
E. Pituitary gland
A 31-year-old woman presents with episodes
of hypertension, nervousness, irritability, panic
attacks, and constipation for 4 months. She complains
of sweating more than normal, even at night.
A computed tomography (CT) scan is performed
revealing a functional tumor. Based on the signs and
symptoms, where is the tumor most likely located?

A. Adrenal cortex
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Hypothalamus
D. Pancreas
E. Pituitary gland
"Voluntary" movements are produced by

A. the simultaneous activation of both a and y motoneurons.

B. impulses traveling via "upper" motoneurons directly from the brain to
muscle extrafusal fibers.
C. direct activation of the y loop and reflex activation of a motoneurons.
D. direct activation of a motoneurons with little or no response of y
motoneurons.
E. selective activation of y motoneurons.
"Voluntary" movements are produced by

A. the simultaneous activation of both a and y motoneurons.

B. impulses traveling via "upper" motoneurons directly from the brain to
muscle extrafusal fibers.
C. direct activation of the y loop and reflex activation of a motoneurons.
D. direct activation of a motoneurons with little or no response of y
motoneurons.
E. selective activation of y motoneurons.
A 59-year-old woman presents with hyperactive reflexes, lower extremity
weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, and increased muscle tone.
What is her most likely diagnosis, and which treatment affecting the n-methyl-d-
aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor would be indicated?
A 59-year-old woman presents with hyperactive reflexes, lower extremity
weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, and increased muscle tone.
What is her most likely diagnosis, and which treatment affecting the n-methyl-d-
aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor would be indicated?
Category 5 questions follow
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers usually secrete NE at their
target location, with the notable exception of:

A. The sweat glands, where they secret epinephrine.

B. The adrenal medulla, where they secrete serotonin.
C. The sweat glands, where they secrete acetylcholine.
D. The muscle spindle, where they secret alpha motor
neurons.