VEDIC MATHEMATICS 1 - ASSIGNMENT

SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME - SANJANA KUMARI

ROLL NUMBER - 23BA146
COURSE - B.A. (HONS.) ECONOMICS
SECTION - D
WHAT IS VEDIC MATHEMATICS?

Vedic maths is a system of mathematics that was

discovered by an Indian mathematician,
Jagadguru Shri Bharathi Krishna Tirthaji
between A.D. 1911 and 1918. He printed his
findings in a Vedic Mathematics book – Tirthaji
Maharaj. Vedic mathematics is also called mental
mathematics in the mathematical world. We can
say that the brain’s capacity and its speed of
calculations increase fivefold with the practice of Vedic maths.
Vedic Maths or Vedic Mathematics is a collection of Methods or Sutras to
solve numerical computations quickly and faster. It consists of 16 Sutras
called Formulae and 13 sub-sutras called Sub Formulae, which can be
applied to the solving of problems in arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
calculus, conics, etc. All the sutras and sub-sutras of Vedic maths help to
perform mathematical operations quickly and accurately.

VEDIC MATHEMATICS HISTORY

Vedic Mathematics is a collection of ancient tricks and techniques to

execute arithmetic operations quickly and more efficiently. Vedic Math
comes from the Vedas, more specifically the Atharva Veda. It was revived
by Indian mathematician Jagadguru Shri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji between
1911 and 1918. He then published this work in a book called Vedic
Mathematics in 1965. It comprises 16 sutras (formulae) and 13 sub sutras.

SWAMI BHARTI KRISHNA TIRTHA JI MAHARAJ’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO

VEDIC MATHEMATICS

Jagadguru Shankaracharya Swami Bharati Krishna Tirtha

lived from 1884 to 1960. He is said to have reconstructed
the ancient system of Vedic Mathematics from certain
Sanskrit texts that other scholars had dismissed as
nonsense. He tells us that the Vedic system which he
rediscovered is based on sixteen Sutras which cover all
branches of mathematics, pure and applied. The methods
he showed and the simple Sutras on which it is based are extraordinarily
simple and easy to apply, and the whole system possesses a unity not
found in conventional mathematical methods. It can
hardly be doubted that Bharati Krishna's remarkable
discoveries in mathematics will in time change the
teaching of and approach to mathematics worldwide: but
this was not his main interest in life.
Bharati Krishna wrote sixteen volumes on Vedic
Mathematics, one on each Sutra, but the manuscripts
were irretrievably lost. He said that he would rewrite
them from memory but owing to ill health and failing
eyesight got no further than writing a book intended as
an introduction to the sixteen volumes. That book "Vedic
Mathematics", written with the aid of an amanuensis, is currently
available and is the only surviving work on mathematics by this most
remarkable man.

VEDIC MATHS SUTRAS

S. No. SUTRAS SUB-SUTRAS MEANING

1. Ekadhiken Purvena Anurupyena
2. Nikhilam Sisyate Sesajnah
Navatacharamam
Dasatah
3. Urdhva-tiryagbhyam Adyamadyenantya-
mantyena
4. Paravartya Yojayet Kevalaih Saptakam
Gunyat
5. Sunyma Vestanam This is used to
Samyasamuchaye solve equations by
recognizing a
common factor, a
product of terms,
or a sum of
denominators that
are equal across
 expressions.
Setting this
common element
to zero helps find
the variable's value
quickly.
6. (Anurupye) Yavadunam
Sunyamanyat Tavadunam
7. Sankalana-vyavakala Yavadunam This simplifies the
mnabyam Tavadunikrtya solution of
Varganca Yojayet simultaneous linear
equations with
interchanged
coefficients. It
involves adding and
subtracting the
equations
strategically to
eliminate one
variable and solve
for the other
efficiently.
8. Puranapuranabhyam Antyayoradaskaepi
9. Chalana-Kalanabhya Antyayoreva This tackles
m equations with
alternating signs.
It breaks the
problem into parts
with positive and
negative signs,
solves them
independently, and
combines the
results considering
the signs.
10. Yavadunam Samuccayagunitha
11. Vyastisamastih Lopanasthapanabhy This simplifies
am calculations by
breaking down
complex numbers.
It separates whole
numbers (pūrna)
from fractional
parts (apaurṇa),
then applies Vedic
sutras to each part
individually,
making mental
math easier and
reducing errors.
12. Sesanyankena Vilokanam
Caramena
13. Sopantyadvayamant Gunitasamuccayah This simplifies
yam Samuccayagunitah multiplying by
certain numbers. It
means "ultimate
and twice the
penultimate." To
multiply by 12, for
instance, you
double the
second-to-last
digit, add it to the
last digit, and
repeat, shifting
leftward. This is a
faster alternative
to standard
multiplication.
14. Ekanyunena Purvena
15. Gunitasamuccayah
16. Gunakasamuccayah

APPLICATION

1. Sunyma Samyasamuchaye:

CASE 1 - If ax + bx = cx + dx
Then, x(a + b) = x (c + d)
or, x(a + b - c - d) = 0
This leads to the only possible solution that x = 0, if (a + b - c - d) ≠
0

CASE 2 - If (x + a)(x + b) = (x + c)(x + d)

Then, x2 + x(a + b) + ab = x2 + x(c + d) + cd
But, ab = cd and thus canceled out or, x2 + x(a + b) = x2 + x(c + d).
This leads to the only possible solution that x = 0

CASE 3 - (m/ax+b)+(m/cx+d) = 0
Cross-multiplying, we get: m(cx+d) + m(ax+b) = 0*(ax+b)(cx+d) or,
m(cx + d + ax + b) = 0.
Thus, (cx + d + ax + b) = 0

2. Sankalana-vyavakalamnabyam:

Consider two equations, ax + by = c & bx + ay = d

Adding, (a + b)x + (b + a)y = c + d or, x + y = (c + d)/(a + b)
Subtracting, (a - b)x + (b - a)y = c - d
or, (a - b)x - (a - b)y = c - d
or, x - y = (c - d)/(a - b).
Adding again, we get: (c+d)/(a+b)+(c-d)/(a-b) = 2x
Subtracting again, we get: (c+d)/(a+b) - (c-d)/(a-b) = 2y
Note that, dividing both equations by 2 provides the solution.

3. Chalana-Kalanabhyam:

ax^2 + bx + c = 0 (Given quadratic).

 Find x: (b±√(b^2-4ac))/(2a) (Standard quadratic formula
rearranged).
Apply Chalana-Kalanabhyam:
Movement (Chalana): x - a (Subtract coefficient of x^2).
Position (Kalanabhyam): (x-a) * b (Multiply by the coefficient of x).
Constant (c): (x-a)*b - c (Subtract constant term)

4. Vyastisamastih:

58 x 62 = 3,596

From the above question, we find that 60 can be chosen as an average

value for 62 and 58. And 62 is 4 numbers higher than 58, and for 62, it is
4 less than the number 58. Halving the difference, it is 4/2 = 2

So,

● Step 1: Square the average value (here it is 60): 60 x 60 = 3600

● Step 2: Square the halved difference (here it is 2): 2 x 2 = 4 (i.e., 62
– 58 = 4)
● Step 3: Subtracting the above results from Step 1 and Step 2, we
get
● 3600 – 4 = 3,596

Therefore, 58 x 62 = 3,596

5. Sopantyadvayamantyam:

Question: 132 * 12 =?

In this example, we are going to make a zero sandwich for the

number 132 as follows: o 132 o

The above answer is our starter, from where we keep adding the
last digit and twice the second last digit. That means we proceed
for o 132 o as follows-

The last digit is "o" + Twice the second last digit " 2 "

= 0 + (2*2)
=4 ------ (1)

Now we add the last digit 2 plus twice the second last digit again
for the o 132 o

Last digit "2" + Twice the second last digit "3"

= 2 + ( 2 * 3)

=8 ------- (2)

Repeating the same steps as explained above,

Last digit "3" +Twice the second last digit "1"

= 3 + ( 2 * 1)

= 5 ...........(3)

Again, repeating the same steps

Last digit "1" + Twice the second last digit "0"

= 1 .........(4)

Accumulating the derived answer in order as we move from left to

right we, get

132 * 12 = (4)(3)(2)(1)

Therefore , 132 * 12 = 1584

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. https://byjus.com/maths/vedic-maths/
2. https://www.vedantu.com/
3. https://www.vedicmaths.org/introduction/what-is-vedic-mathem
atics
4. https://www.cuemath.com/learn/mathematics/arithmetic-vedic-
math/
5. https://mathlearners.com/
6. https://www.amazon.in/Mathematics-Bharati-Krishna-Tirthaji-Ma
haraja/dp/8120801636