Meet Patel 8th Sem Report

Project id 452432
“OBSERVATION STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING”
At the industry or company

HAPPY DESIGN
Submitted By
Name Enrollment No.
PATEL 210120106515
MEET
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
Civil Engineering
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology

Moti Bhoyan Road, Gandhinagar
Gujarat Technological University

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
[May, 2024]
I
Gujrat Technological University GIT
Moti Bhoyan Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
(Affiliated with GTU)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work of Internship entitled “OBSERVATION STUDY OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” has been carried out by PATEL MEET BABUBHAI
(210120106515) under my guidance in partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering Department ,8th Semester in the, Gandhinagar
Institute of Technology, Moti-Bhoyan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, during the academic year
2023-2024 and his/her work is satisfactory. This student has successfully completed all
the activity under my guidance related to Internship for 8th semester.
Internal Guide Head of the Department
Prof. Paresh Umredkar Prof. Neel Shah
II
III
COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
IV
Moti Bhoyan Road, Gandhinagar ,Gujarat
(Affiliated with GTU)
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the
Internship entitled OBSERVATION STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering to Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of the original project work carried out by
me at HAPPY DESIGN under the supervision of Mr. Ronak Kadiya and that
no part of this report has been directly copied from any students’ reports or
taken from any other source, without providing due reference.
Name of the Student Sign of Student
PATEL MEET.
V
Acknowledgement
I have taken efforts in this Internship. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to
extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Prof. Paresh Umredkar for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the Internship. I take
this opportunity to thank all my friends and colleagues who started me out on the topic
and provided extremely useful review feedback and for their all-time support and help in
each and every aspect of the course of my project preparation. I am grateful to my college
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology, for providing me with all the required resources
and a good working environment.
I would like to express my gratitude towards the Head of the Department, Prof. Neel
Shah, and Director, Dr H N Shah for their kind co-operation and encouragement which
help me in this Internship.
Thank You
Patel Meet.
VI
Content
Title Page I
Certificate II
Certificate III
Completion Certificate IV
Declaration V
Acknowledgement VI
Content VII
List of Figures IX
List of Table XII
Chapter 1 Overview of The Company 1
1.1 History 1
1.2 Scope of The Work 2
1.3 Organization Chart for The Project 2
Chapter 2 Overview of Different Department 3
2.1 Different Work Carried Out in Each Department 3

Schematic Layout Which Shows The Sequence of Operation
2.2 4
for Manufacturing of End Product
Chapter 3 Introduction to Internship 5
3.1 Internship Summary 5
3.2 Purpose 5
3.3 Objective 6
3.4 Scope 6
3.5 Technology and Literature Review 6
3.5.1 Reinforced Cement Concrete 6
3.5.2 Column Coupler 8
3.6 Internship Planning 8
3.6.1 Internship Development Approach and Justification 8
3.6.2 Internship Effort and Time, Cost Estimation 10
VII
3.6.3 Roles and Responsibilities 10
Chapter 4 System Analysis 12
4.1 Study of Current System 12
4.1.1 Column 12
4.1.2 Staircase 19
4.1.3 Beam 22
4.1.4 Slab 27
Masonry Work
4.1.5 31
Finishing Work
4.1.6 36
System Design
Chapter 5 39
System Design and Methodology
5.1 39
Structural Design
5.2 40
Implementation
Chapter 6 47
6.1 47
Implementation Platform
6.2 48
Result Analysis
Chapter 7 49
Testing
7.1 49
Cube Test
7.2 50
Result
Chapter 8 51
Problems and Solutions
Chapter 9 55
Conclusion
Chapter 10 56
References
VII
Gujrat Technological University I GIT
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1.1 Location Map
1
Fig 1.3 Organization Chart 2
Fig 2.1 Types of Department 3
Fig 2.2 Schematic Layout Which Shows The Sequence of Operation for 4
Manufacturing of End Product
Fig 3.1 Column Coupler 8
Fig 4.1 Starter Marking 13
Fig 4.2 Column Reinforcement 14
Fig 4.3 Plywood Formwork 15
Fig 4.4 Steel Formwork 16
Fig 4.5 Concrete Cover 16
Fig 4.6 Column Casting 17
Fig 4.7 Staircase Formwork 19
Fig 4.8 Staircase Reinforcement 20
Fig 4.9 Staircase Casting 21
Fig 4.10 Bottom for Beam 22
Fig 4.11 Beam Formwork 23
Fig 4.12 Beam Reinforcement 23
Fig 4.13 Slab Formwork 27
Fig 4.14 Slab Reinforcement 28
Fig 4.15 Slab Casting 28
IX
Fig 4.16 Make guidepost 32
Fig 4.17 Mix Mortar 32
Fig 4.18 First Course 33
Fig 4.19 Second Course 33
Fig 4.20 Lintel Reinforcement 34
Fig 4.21 Lintel Formwork 34
Fig 4.22 Lintel Casting 35
Fig 4.23 Finishing The Wall 35
Fig 4.24 3-4-5 Method 36
Fig 4.25 Bull Head 36
Fig 4.26 Internal Plastering (1st Coat) 37
Fig 4.27 Supported scaffolding 38
Fig 5.1 System Design and Methodology 39
Fig 5.2 Floor Plan 41
Fig 5.3 Elevation Plan 41
Fig 5.4 Pproblem -1
Fig 5.5 Problem-2
X
XI
LIST OF TABLES
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Project id 452432
CHAPTER – 1
OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY
1.1 HISTORY
 Established in the year 1998, Happy Design is considered to be Gujarat’s most
trusted real estate developer! Their portfolio consists of many landmark projects
in the residential, commercial, and institutional sector.
 They Having served in the field of real estate development for over 5 decades,
they have consistently proven to give out classy designs and adhere to quality
parameters. With many projects to show for, Happy Design has indeed carved a
niche when it comes to constructing inspirational infrastructure. The future of
Happy Design will see more aggressive planning on future projects that add value
to the lives of people as well as to the development of the nation.
 Over the years the Vasani family has worked together and stood through many
challenges to successfully deliver redefining projects which have been designed,
planned and executed on time, considering the profitability and full customer
satisfaction.
Office Address :
The Happy Design, siddhanath park society, paras nagar,isanpur,Ahmedabad, Gujarat

380050
Site Address :
Shreeji skyline new maninagr road nr ,ashirwad flora .new, maninagar,

ssAhmedabad,Gujarat 382449
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Project id 452432
1.2 DIFFERENT PRODUCT / SCOPE OF THE WORK

 Study the detailed drawing available at site and co-related it with the ongoing site work.
 Observation of safety practices followed at site.
 Understand the structural process of construction.
 Understand the quality material and time management at the site.
 Understand the quantity calculation of concrete and steel.
BUILDER
HAAPPY DESIGN DESIGN
PROJECT MANAGER
HARSHAL BHATT
SENIOR ENGINEER
RUSHABH PRAJAPATI
JUNIOR ENGINEER
JIGNES UMARALIYA
SUPERVISOR
PANKAJ DESASI
1.3 ORGANIZATION CHART FOR THE PROJECT
FIG 1.3 ORGANIZATION CHART
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CHAPTER – 2
OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENT
2.1 DIFFERENT WORK CARRIED OUT IN EACH DEPARTMENT :
DEPARTMENT
STRUCTURAL ARCHITECHTURAL SURVEYING CONSTRUCTION

DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
Fig 2.1 Types of Departments

1. STRUCTURAL DEPARTMENT
 The structure department is in charge of the building's structure. The structural

department creates structural plans for the project, including how many bars are to
be used in columns, ramps, lifts, slabs, and beams, as well as the diameters of the
bars. They also provide details on the bottom of the beam and the height of the
floor.
2. ARCHITECHTURAL DEPARTMENT
 The work carried out by the architect have to be properly organized. This demands
to keep the records of different contracts, the details of the project, the cost and the
budget details, the time limit and the day-by-day progress report. Most of the cases
the architects have to work with the civil or structural engineers for communication
and discussion relating the technical issues faced in the design and the
implementation.
3. SURVEYING DEPARTMENT
 The surveyor is who is supposed to make precise measurement that will identify the
boundary. Surveyors help in providing unique contours on the surface of the earth
which will let the engineers to make maps and construction projects.
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4. CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT
 Construction department is working on building construction from the ground up,

including shuttering, reinforcing, concreting, curing, plastering, masonry work,
another tasks.
2.3 SCHEMATIC LAYOUT WHICH SHOWS THE SEQUENCE OF

OPERATION FOR MANUFACTURING OF END PRODUCT
SITE
EXCAVATION PCC FOUNDATION
CLEARANCE
FRAME MASONRY
EARTH FILLING PCC
STRUCTURE WORK
ELECTRICAL PLASTERING PLUMBING FLOORING

WORK WORK WORK WORK
B. U.
FINISHING READY TO
PERMISSION &
WORK POCESSION
N.O.C. LETTER
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CHAPTER - 3
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNSHIP
3.1 INTERNSHIP SUMMARY
 The main aim of internship project was to investigate to how a structure is
constructed within its desired properties. We get knowledge about the basic &
advanced techniques of building construction as well as saw the challenges which a
civil engineer have to face during construction. i.e. labour problems, cost
management, environmental challenges etc.
1. Get information about site and project

2. Study and analysis of structural plans
3. Study and analysis of construction work
4. Get knowledge about concreting work
5. Get information about the equipment
6. Learn about reinforcement work
7. Learn about centering & shuttering
8. Checking Steel of the beam, column etc. according structural plan
9. Learn about the required testing on site
10. Get Information about using materials
3.2 PURPOSE
 The aim of this report is apprise you the practical experience gained by us program.
 To get knowledge about the structural drawing & design specification.
 Study the detailed drawing available at site & co-related it with the ongoing site
work.
 Observation of safety practices followed at site.
 Understand the quality material and time management at the site.
 Understand the quantity calculation of concrete and steel.
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3.3 OBJECTIVE
 To understanding the importance of quantity, material safety of site, plans &
drawing and time management.
 To have an exposure to field as an aspect of civil engineer.
 To Co-relate theoretical knowledge to practical on construction site.
3.4 SCOPE
 An Internship Provides Real Life Experience and Exposure.
 An internship enables you to gain first-hand exposure of working in the real world.
 It also allows students to harness the skill, knowledge, and theoretical practice they
learnt in university.
 You can acquire endless amounts of education in your life, however, that knowledge
doesn't always translate to the working life.
3.5TECHNOLOGY AND LITERATURE REVIEW
3.5.1 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE :
 Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) is a composite material in which concrete's

relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion
of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.
 Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) is a composite material in which concrete's

relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion
of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is
usually, though not necessarily, steel bars (rebar) and is usually embedded
passively in the concrete before the concrete sets.
 In corrosion engineering terms, when designed correctly, the alkalinity of the

concrete protects the steel rebar from corrosion.
 Many different types of structures and components of structures can be built using
reinforced cement concrete slabs, walls, beams, columns, foundations, frames and
more.
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Project id 452432
 Mixing of concrete :
 In self loading concrete mixer, the function of the drum is to mix the raw
materials homogenously. A continuous supply of water makes sure that the
machine is working normally and the level of water is maintained in the
concrete. These drums are usually fitted with spiral blades. The drums are
designed to rotate at high speed. For mixing, rotation of the drum is fixed
in one direction. During mixing, the spiral blade pushes the concrete
materials deep into the drum. This high-speed rotation makes sure for
homogenous mixing of materials in concrete.
 Tilting drum concrete mixer mixes the ingredients while forward rotating,
and discharges while reversing the concrete mixer drum. Tilt drum
concrete mixer is often used to blend plastic and semi dry concrete.
 Transporting of Concrete :
 Concrete pumps are machines used to transport the freshly mixed

concrete mass to the place of pouring. Before concrete pumps were
invented, the concreting of tall structures was done by placing the
concrete on hoppers and carrying them using cranes. This is not only
ineffective but also uneconomical and deliberate.
 Compacting of Concrete :
 A needle vibrator is a concrete tool that produces stronger concrete by vigorously

shaking the concrete right after you pour it to eliminate the air bubbles or air
pockets. This consists of a steel tube, called poker, having an eccentric vibrating
element inside it, a flexible shaft, and a power unit.
 Curing of Concrete :
 Water curing is the process where an uninterrupted flow of water is carried out
over the surface of the concrete. This is done so that there is no water loss from
the concrete surface. This effective curing method is executed by spraying or
sprinkling water or even curing agents over the concrete surface.
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3.5.2 COLUMN COUPLER :
 Couplers are used in reinforced concrete structures to replace normal rebar lap
joints.
 The use of Couplers can simplify the design and construction of reinforced
concrete and reduce the amount of reinforcement required.
 The ends of steel bars to be joined are provided with threads, and a coupler is used
to join rebars end-to-end, which transfers the loads on the rebar across the
connection. They are more efficient than lap splices because they do not depend
on the concrete for load transfer.
Fig 3.1 Column Coupler
3.6 INTERNSHIP PLANNING
3.6.1 INTERNSHIP DEVELOPMENT APPROACH AND JUSTIFICATION

1. Site Surveying
 If a surveyor does not mark out your site, construction cannot begin. A survey
needs to be done to determine the correct site and line where the project should be
built. A survey also enables the contractors to verify the appropriate horizontal
and vertical location of the proposed structure,
2. Soil Testing
 Soil testing is one of the most critical steps in the construction site development
process. It involves the assessment of the composition and the condition of the
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soil
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on site. The test is done to evaluate the soil’s structural integrity and determine
whether it can hold the weight of the proposed building, its water drainage
capability, and how well it can withstand harsh climatic conditions in the future.
 Soil testing is a legal and inescapable step in site development.
 Unfortunately, if the soil is marked as unsuitable, there’s no other choice but to
look for a different site
3. Site Clearing
 Before construction begins, the ground needs to be clear and completely leveled.
This means clearing any trees that may be on it and any underground utilities that
may hinder the construction process. Sometimes, the site may even have buildings
in good condition. These need to be demolished and cleared from the site.
4. Site Investigation
 Site investigation is similar to soil testing only that this time, the geotechnical
investigators do it to evaluate rock composition and groundwater conditions on
the site to determine how the foundation of the proposed project should be built.
5. Site Plan Design

 After surveying, soil testing, site clearing, and site investigation, the project
contractors and architects must create a site plan. Also known as the plot plan or
the blueprint, the site plan is a drawing that shows where what will be. It shows
what exists on the site and what will be on it after the proposed project is
complete. For instance, the plan shows where the building will be on the site,
where the access road will be constructed, and where all the underground utilities
such as septic systems will be installed.
 A site plan is crucial as it proves to government officials that both state and local
building regulations and codes were adhered to during the construction of the
proposed building. It also serves as a map in the future should you need to make
any additions or changes to the proposed building.
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Project id 452432
3.6.2 INTERNSHIP EFFORT AND TIME, COST ESTIMATION–
 INTERNSHIP EFFORT -
1. Start with relentless punctuality
2. Complete each task with excellence
3. Take on more work — without being asked
4. Be resourceful
5. Ask questions — good ones
6. Build professional relationships-
 PERIOD OF POSSESSION – After 2 years
 TOTAL COST OF PROJECT – 25 crores
3.6.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
 Role of Project Manager :

 Site managers work on building and construction sites to ensure a project
completes safely, on time, and within budget. They monitor and direct
contractor activities from start to finish and direct and oversee various
contractors and subcontractors from site preparation and foundation laying
to the final touches.
 Role of Site Supervisor :

 Also known as construction site supervisors, site supervisors monitor the
progress of construction projects and ensure compliance with construction
safety regulations. They supervise construction workers and subcontractors,
educate construction workers on site safety practices, and evaluate employee
performance.
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Project id 452432
 Role of Site Engineer :

 managing parts of construction projects.
 overseeing building work.
 undertaking surveys.
 setting out sites.
 checking technical designs and drawings to ensure that they are followed
correctly.
 supervising contracted staff.
 Role Of General Contractor :

 Planning and managing
 Manage daily jobsite operations
 Provide required equipment and building materials
 Coordinating subcontractors, consultants and vendors.
 Oversee quality, timeline and budget.
 Manage health, safety and legal issues.
 aim point of contact with employer
 Role of Trainee Engineer :

 Learn about the site engineer work
 Learn a new think
 Check the reinforcement
 Check the shuttering
 Communication with labor
 Quantity of concrete
 Check the labor work
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Project id 452432
CHAPTER – 4
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
4.1 STUDY OF CURRENT SYSTEM
4.1.1 COLUMN :
 An RCC Column is a vertical member that transfers the load from the beam and
slabs onto the foundation.
 Steps involving Construction of RCC columns:
1. Column layout work

2. Column reinforcement work
3. Column formwork
4. Pouring of concrete
1. Column Layout Work:
 In this stage, the situation of columns is determined realistically in the field. It’s
done by birthing rope in keeping with grids shown within the column-making
drawing below.
 In the drawing, column locations are shown associated with grid-line with
dimensions. Realistically, in-field, ropes are our grid-lines. Thus, we tend to place
columns associated with rope-line by calculating dimensions shown within the
drawing.
 Starter marking :
 Starter is generally a casting of concrete material with equivalent width and length
of column section and comparatively smaller height of around 10 cm. It is cast in
such a manner that equal cover is left encircling the reinforcement bars of column
and then shuttering of column is provided. The main purpose of starter is to fine-
tune the form work of a column vertically to maintain sufficient gap among
column reinforcement and shuttering.
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Project id 452432
 To retain the exact position of the columns in the below slab as well as retain the
column lines in number of floors easily, starter is marked.
Fig 4.1Starter Marking
2. Column Reinforcement work :
 Column reinforcement works desires following list on site:
1. Check for the diameter and also ensure the numbers of vertical bars
2. Spacing between vertical bars
3. Check Development length that depends on the diameter of the bar
4. Lapping in alternate bars ought to return at the same height.
5. Lapping mustn’t return within beam or block.
6. Lapping ought to be at l/3 or 2l/3 of the column as per structural notes
7. Spacing between the stirrups should be considered as per the drawing
8. The hook ought to be bent properly at right angles.
9. Check the stirrups corner. The vertical bar ought to return at the right-angle
fringe of stirrup properly certain with binding wire.
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Project id 452432
Fig 4.2 Column Reinforcement work
3. Column formwork :
 There are two types of formworks are used :
1. Plywood Formwork :
 Resin-bonded plywood sheets are attached to timber frames to make up

panels of the required sizes. The cost of plywood formwork compares
favorably with that of timber shuttering, and it may even prove cheaper in
some instances given the following considerations:
 It is possible to have a smooth finish in which case on cost in surface
finishing is there.
 By the use of large-size panels, it is possible to affect saving in the labor
cost of fixing and dismantling.
 The number of reuses is more as compared with timber shuttering. For
estimation purposes, the number of reuses can be taken as 20 to 25.
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Fig 4.3 Plywood Formwork
2. Steel Formwork :
 This consists of panels fabricated out of thin steel plates stiffened along the
edges by small steel angles. The panel units can be held together through
the use of suitable clamps or bolts and nuts.
 The panels can be fabricated in large numbers in any desired modular
shape or size. Steel forms are largely used in large projects or in a situation
where large number reuses of the shuttering are possible. This type of
shutter is considered most suitable for circular or curved structures.
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Fig 4.5 Concrete Cover
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4. Pouring of Concrete :.
 At this site, they are used manually concreting method and for
compaction, they are using vibrator machine.
Fig 4.6 Column Casting
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4.1.2 STAIRCASE
 RCC staircase is the one of the important components of structure which provide
access between two floors.
 According to work arrangement laying of RCC staircase can be done in three stages
:
1. Formwork
2. Reinforcement work
1. Formwork
 The most important step when building concrete stairs is to use a proper
formwork. The angle of flight, dimensions of thread and riser are to be properly
checked. Usually while constructing a stair attached to wall, the line of flight ,
thread and risers are marked on the wall for proper fixing of shuttering or
formwork.
 The boards must be at least 2” thick, as to support the weight of the concrete. The
wooden boards are used to create the steps and are fastened with several screws to
the lateral structure of the formwork.
Fig 4.7 Staircase Formwork

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Project id 452432
 The concrete steps are to be reinforced with steel bars so as it carries the loads
coming upon the stairs and transfer them to the ground. The number of steel bars
and size of the bars is to be calculated by a structural engineer depending upon the
loads coming on the stairs.
 These steel reinforcement bars are placed in the formwork with minimum of 25
mm spacing and is tied together.
Fig 4.8 Staircase Work
 Pouring of concrete into the formworks is started from the below part to above.
The concrete mix plays an important role in strength and durability of stairs. It is
recommended to use a concrete vibrator while pouring the concrete to completely
fill the gaps of the stairs and to avoid the honeycomb formation.
 This work is to be carried out with great care and patience , as any sudden
movements can disturb the alignment of the formworks or even collapse the
formwork.
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Fig 4.9 Staircase Casting
 Quantity for concrete in staircase
Landing = l × b × h
= 4.35 × 2.68 × 0.115
= 1.325 cu.m (material required)
Steps = rise × thread × l × nos.
= 0.300 × 0.150 × 2.100 × 10

= 0.945 cu.m (material required)
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4.1.3 BEAM
• A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by

resisting against bending.
• According to work arrangement laying of RCC beam can be done in four stages :
1. Bottom for beam
2. Formwork
3. Reinforcement
1. Bottom for Beam :
 The slab is continuous over a number of beams. The slab is supported by 2.5 cm
sheathing that runs parallel to the majority of the beams.
 Normally, the sheathing is supported by wooden battens spaced appropriately
between the beams.
 The battens could also be propped up against the joists in the middle of the span to
reduce deflection. 3 cm thick sheathing is employed in the side forms of the beam.
Fig 4.10 Bottom for Beam
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Project id 452432
2. Beam formwork :
 Beam formwork is generally formed with either timber or metal panels. In this
type of formwork, the process is to produce a box surrounded with frames at the
perfect size of the beam and fasten it firmly on the kicker left from base or at the
last phase of beam concreting.
Fig 4.11 Beam Formwork
3. Beam reinforcement :
 Necessary reinforcement detailing such as size and number of longitudinal
reinforcements and its required length, number and spacing of stirrups are
provided in structural drawings.
Fig 4.12 Beam Reinforcement
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4.1.4 SLAB
 Concrete slab is horizontal structural member which provides flat and useful
surfaces.
 According to work arrangement laying of RCC slab can be done in three stages :
1. Formwork
3. Pouring of Concrete
1. Slab formwork :
 Slab Formwork essentially consists of a horizontal load-bearing structure which
supports the form lining and transfers the forces into the shoring.
Fig 4.13 Slab Formwork
2. Slab reinforcement :
 After preparation is completed, steel bars are placed into their positions with the
provision of specified spacings and concrete cover.
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Project id 452432
Fig 4.14 Slab Reinforcement

 There should be ensure that the concrete is compacted. This helps the concrete to
bind and mound into place inside the formwork and around the reinforcement
bars. Vibration, either internal or external, is the most widely used method for
consolidating concrete. Lastly, slabs should be finished according to applicable
building standards.
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Project id 452432
4.1.5 AAC (AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE) WORK

 Autoclaved Aerated concrete (AAC) block is low-maintenance precast building
material with excellent thermal insulation and durability.
 The heat-insulating properties of AAC blocks keep the bulding cooler and prevent
outside heat from entering,resulting in significant saving on air coondationg costs
 Type of AAC Blocks : fire resistant AAC block,200 mm block,100 mm long
block ,long-lastimg block,
 Steps for AAC worek
1. Prepare of raw material
2. Dosing and mixing
3. Casting,rising and cutting
4. Demoulding and cutting
5. autoclaving
6. packing line
1.prepare of raw material
 One of the most important parts of aaac wall is the foundation. This is the support
for your wall, and the trench size will depend on the width and height of your
masonry wall. For reference, you will need a half a meter deep trench for a aac
wall up to one meter in height. Make sure you check the measurements before
digging as a solid trench is essential to prevent your wall from collapsing.
2 dosing and mixing
 Once you have your foundation, you need to set up gauging rods to ensure your
brickwork is consistently level. Set up a string line from one gauging rod to the
other. This will be for your second row of bricks, as the first string will be sitting
in the trench. Make sure the line is straight and level with no sag.
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Project id 452432
Fig 4.16 Mark Guidepost

2. Mix Mortar
 The mortar should slip easily from your shovel, although the mixture should be
firm enough to hold its shape. Only mix what you need and don't let the mortar sit
for more than an hour or two. Soak the bricks in water and let them drip dry. This
will ensure that they bond correctly with the mortar. Although, make sure that
there is no water running off the bricks as it can make the mortar too wet.
Fig 4.17 Mix Mortar
3. Lay First Course
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Project id 452432
 Grab the next brick and add mortar to the short edge before placing it down hard up
against the first brick. Repeat the process for the first course.
Fig 4.18 First Course
4. Second course
 Start the row by placing the cut brick down on a bed of mortar. Make sure your
string line is in the right place, and the brick meets the string. Place the next brick,
check that it is flush and continue. Repeat the process until you have completed
the second course.
Fig 4.19 Second Cours
30
Project id 452432
1. Internal Plastering :
 The maximum thickness for internal plaster should be between 12-15mm for
internal & 20-25mm for external walls.
 The first coat (chatt) should be of 5-6mm thick. Hit the first coat gently with a
trowel (thappi) for better binding between plaster and wall.
 Cement mortar mix for plaster must be consumed within 30-45 minutes because
the setting time of mortar starts after 1hr.
Fig 4.27 Internal plaster
 The thickness of the second coat should vary between 6-7mm.

 Apply the second coat, cover the spaces to match the thickness level with bullhead
dots(thada).
 The plastered surface shall be made uniformed & leveled by using screeds and
checked by plumb bob.
 Avoid excessive finishing by means of float which leads to crazing i.e., small
cracks on the plastered surface.
31
Project id 452432
 Supported Scaffolding Type :
 This type of scaffolding usually consists of an individual or a set of platforms that

are supported by fixed load-bearing elements like poles, outriggers, etc. These are
set up from the ground up unlike with suspended scaffolding materials. It is thus
one of the safest and efficient scaffold types for the construction industry.
Fig 4.29 Supported Scaffolding
32
Project id 452432
CHAPTER – 5
SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY :
Fig 5.1 Structural Design and Methodology
33
Project id 452432
5.1 STRUCTURE DESIGN

 All types of design and construction drawings can be segregated into
the following sets of drawings :
1. Architectural drawings
2. Structural Drawings
3. Electrical & Plumbing Drawings
4. HVAC & Firefighter Drawings
5. Miscellaneous Drawings
1. Architect Drawings :
 Architect drawings are the technical representations of a building that is made

prior to the beginning of the construction process. They are made with lines,
projections and are based on scale.
TABLE 5.1 ARCHITECT DRAWINGS
NO. NAME OF DRAWNGS
1. Site Plan Drawings
2. Floor plan Drawings
3. Location Drawings
4. Location Plan
34
Project id 452432
Fig 5.2 Floor Plan
Fig 5.3 Elevation Plan
35
Project ID : 289525
CHAPTER – 6
IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 IMPLEMENTATION PLATFORM

Purpose:
 Contract and begin physical construction of project
Tasks :
 Finalize pre-construction activities including project agreement
financial, contractual, and interconnection.
 Realize construction and equipment installation
 Realize interconnection
 Realize project commissioning leading /community project operation

Output : Completed project (operation)
Implementation Activities:-
 Pre-construction
 Financial closing (if applicable)
 Project kick-off
 Design and construction documents, plans/schedules ,submittals
 Contractexecution
 Contract over sight /quality control
 Change control
 Interconnection
 Application review and approval process
36
Project ID : 289525
 Final building inspection
 Paperwork submittal to utility
 Project Construction
 Contract over sight /quality control
 Chang control
 Commissioning
 Testing and verification
6 .2 RESULT ANALYSIS
 Specifications are used for the following objectives :
1. Expressing the quality of constructional material or strength of the constructional work.
2. Expressing the ratio of components used in concrete or mortar.
3. Expressing the type of material such as timber type and bricks type etc.
4. Expressing the color of constructional materials.
5. Listing the conditions of the contract.
37
Project ID : 289525
CHAPTER – 7
TESTING
7.1 CUBE TEST :
 Cube Test of Concrete is one of the most important tests done on concrete. It is also
known as a test to determine the Compressive Strength of Concrete. This single test is
enough to do a quality check on the type of concreting that is being done at site.
 The factors that determine the Compressive Strength of Concrete are Water Cement ratio,
Cement Strength, Quality of concrete material and the quality control that is being done
during production of concrete.
 Process Of Cube Test :
 A cube of 15cmx15 cmx15cm is cast in a cubical mould with aggregate. It is made

compact and densely filled so as to avoid any voids.
 After 24 hours these cubes are removed from the mould and cured under water. The
edges must be smooth before they are inserted in water for curing.
 These cube samples are tested after 7 days of curing or after 28 days of curing.
 Compression testing machines test the samples by gradually applying load till the
specimen fails. At the failing point the compressive strength of Concrete is
determined.
38
Project ID : 289525
7.2 RESULT :
TABLE 7.1 CUBE TEST RESULT
Weig
Dimension of Tested Avg.
ht of
Sr Sample Grad Comp Comp Comp
CC
No e of Date of Date of load St. St.
Cube
L B H Conc Casting Testing (kN) (N/m (N/m
(g)
(mm) (mm) (mm) rete m2 ) m2 )
1. 150.53 150.98 151.24 8480 588.20 25.88
150.67 151.08 151.37 M25 05/03/23 19/03/23 8540 610.65 26.82 25.81
149.60 150.24 150.68 8442 558.10 24.73
2. 150.37 151.29 150.68 8565 580.96 25.71
148.67 151.27 150.83 M25 05/03/23 19/03/23 8750 618.67 27.50 26.63
150.58 150.47 150.38 8557 604.70 26.68
3. 149.80 150.91 151.24 8588 579.88 25.65
M25 05/03/23 19/03/23 27.49
39
Project ID : 289525
CHAPTER – 8
PROBLEMS &
SOLUTIONS
Problem - 1
• Slurry of cement in concrete separates while casting of starter
due to excessive water in mix of concrete.
Solution :
• Managing of w/c ratio while making of concrete or for level try
to do packing so that slurry doesn’t separates or comes out from
the gap.
Fig 8.1 Problem 1
40
Project ID : 289525
Problem - 2
• Steel bars are not same as drawing design for C9 column due
to lack of workmanship.
Solution :
• There have rearrange the steel bars as per drawing.
Fig 8.2 Problem 2
41
Project ID : 289525
42
Project ID : 289525
43
Project ID : 289525
CHAPTER – 9
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
8.1 OVERALL ANALYSIS OF INTERNSHIP
 As a civil engineering student, I took internship at Happy Design with active participation
in superstructure work and learned the construction process, estimation of various
components of structure, team work and developed multiple skills like communication
with higher authorities, engineers, contractors, workers and also labors.
s_ The working period at “ASPIRA” was very informative. It helps me to connect with the
field and exposed us to new opportunities. Training of 12 weeks exposed me to various
construction activities. I participated and observed various activities. The training period
helped me to relate our academic knowledge with field practice. It helped to understand the
challenges and opportunities in


44
Project ID : 289525
CHAPTER – 10
REFRENCES
IS 800-2007
IS 875-1984
IS 1893-2002
https://www.THE HAPPY DESIGN.co.in/
https://housing.com/buy-aspira-by-shreeji-devlopers-in-tragad-ahmedabad-pid-
270240 https://theconstructor.org/building/12-basic-components-building-
structure/34024/ https://happho.com/basic-components-building-structure/
https://www.maramani.com/blogs/home-design-ideas/building-construction-process
45

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Project id 452432

“OBSERVATION STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL

At the industry or company

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Gandhinagar Institute of Technology

Gujarat Technological University

This is to certify that the work of Internship entitled “OBSERVATION STUDY OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” has been carried out by PATEL MEET BABUBHAI

(210120106515) under my guidance in partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of

Engineering in Civil Engineering Department ,8th Semester in the, Gandhinagar

Institute of Technology, Moti-Bhoyan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, during the academic year

the activity under my guidance related to Internship for 8th semester.

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Prof. Paresh Umredkar Prof. Neel Shah

Name of the Student Sign of Student

List of Table XII

Chapter 1 Overview of The Company 1

1.2 Scope of The Work 2

1.3 Organization Chart for The Project 2

Chapter 2 Overview of Different Department 3

2.1 Different Work Carried Out in Each Department 3

3.1 Internship Summary 5

3.5 Technology and Literature Review 6

3.5.1 Reinforced Cement Concrete 6

3.5.2 Column Coupler 8

3.6 Internship Planning 8

3.6.1 Internship Development Approach and Justification 8

3.6.2 Internship Effort and Time, Cost Estimation 10

Chapter 4 System Analysis 12

4.1 Study of Current System 12

Fig 2.1 Types of Department 3

Fig 4.1 Starter Marking 13

Fig 4.2 Column Reinforcement 14

Fig 4.3 Plywood Formwork 15

Fig 4.4 Steel Formwork 16

Fig 4.5 Concrete Cover 16

Fig 4.6 Column Casting 17

Fig 4.7 Staircase Formwork 19

Fig 4.8 Staircase Reinforcement 20

Fig 4.9 Staircase Casting 21

Fig 4.10 Bottom for Beam 22

Fig 4.11 Beam Formwork 23

Fig 4.12 Beam Reinforcement 23

Fig 4.13 Slab Formwork 27

Fig 4.14 Slab Reinforcement 28

Fig 4.15 Slab Casting 28

Fig 4.17 Mix Mortar 32

Fig 4.18 First Course 33

Fig 4.19 Second Course 33

Fig 4.20 Lintel Reinforcement 34

Fig 4.21 Lintel Formwork 34

Fig 4.22 Lintel Casting 35

Fig 4.23 Finishing The Wall 35

Fig 4.24 3-4-5 Method 36

Fig 4.25 Bull Head 36

Fig 4.26 Internal Plastering (1st Coat) 37

Fig 4.27 Supported scaffolding 38

Fig 5.1 System Design and Methodology 39

Fig 5.2 Floor Plan 41