CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

(Passive voice)
I- PHÂN BIỆT CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Câu chủ động:
* Cá ch sử dụ ng:
Câ u chủ độ ng là câ u đượ c sử dụ ng khi bả n thâ n chủ thể đượ c nhắ c đến tự thự c
hiện hà nh độ ng
Ví dụ :
Mary did her homework yesterday. (Mary làm bài tập về nhà ngày hôm qua.)
* Dạ ng thứ c thô ng thườ ng củ a câ u chủ độ ng:
S+V+O
Trong đó : S(subject): Chủ ngữ
V (verb): độ ng từ
O (object): tâ n ngữ
CHÚ Ý :
- Độ ng từ trong câ u sẽ chia theo thì.
Ví dụ :
- My parents are preparing a lot of delicious cakes.
S V O
2. Câu bị động:
* Cá ch sử dụ ng:
- Câ u bị độ ng đượ c sử dụ ng khi bả n thâ n chủ thể khô ng tự thự c hiện đượ c hà nh
độ ng.
Ví dụ :
- My money was stolen yesterday. (Tiền của tôi bị trộm mất ngày hôm qua.)
* Dạ ng thứ c củ a câ u bị độ ng.
be + VpIII
Trong đó : be: độ ng từ “to be”
VpIII: Độ ng từ phâ n từ
CHÚ Ý :
Độ ng từ “to be” sẽ chia theo thì và chia theo chủ ngữ .
Ví dụ :
- The meal has been cooked. (Bữa ăn vừa mới được nấu.)
II- CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Cấu trúc biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Chủ động: S+V+O

Bị động: S + be + VpIII + (by + O)

Ví dụ :
- Chủ độ ng: They will sell their house next year.
S V O
-> Bị độ ng: Their house will be sold by them next year.
S be + VpIII by + O
2. Cấu trúc câu bị động với các thì trong tiếng anh

Các thì Chủ động Bị động

1. Hiện tạ i đơn S + V(s/es) + O S+ is/am/are + VpIII + (by + O)

Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- Mary studies English every - English is studied by Mary everyday.
day.

2. Hiện tạ i tiếp S + is/am/are + V-ing + O S + is/am/are + being + VpIII + (by + O)

diễn
Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- He is planting some trees - Some trees are being planted (by him) now.
now.

3. Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed + O S + was/were + VpIII + (by + O)

Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- She wrote a letter - A letter was written (by her) yesterday.
yesterday.

4. Quá khứ tiếp S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were +being + VpIII + (by + O)

diễn
Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
 - They were buying a car at 9 - A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday.
am yesterday.

5. Hiện tạ i hoà n S + have/ has + VpIII + O S + have/ has + been + VpIII + (by + O)
thà nh
Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- My parents have given me a - A new bike has been given to me by my
new bike on my birthday. parents on my birthday.

6. Hiện tạ i hoà n S + have/ has + been + V- S + have/ has + been + being + VpIII +(by +
thà nh tiếp diễn ing + O O)
Ví dụ :
Ví dụ : - This car has been being repaired by John for
- John has been repairing this 2 hours.
car for 2 hours.

7. Quá khứ hoà n S + had + VpIII + O S + had + been + VpIII + (by O)

thà nh
Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- He had finished his report - His report had been finished before 10 p.m
before 10 p.m yesterday. yesterday.

8. Quá khứ hoà n S + had + been + V-ing + O S + had + been + being + VpIII + (by + O)
thà nh tiếp diễn
Ví dụ :
Ví dụ : - The essay had been being typed for 3 hours
- I had been typing the essay before you came yesterday.
for 3 hours before you came
yesterday.

9. Tương lai S + will + V(nguyên thể) + S + will + be + VpIII + (by O)

đơn O
Ví dụ :
Ví dụ :
- A lot of things will be done tomorrow.
- She will do a lot of things
tomorrow.

10. Tương lai S + will + be +V-ing + O S + will + be + being + VpIII + (by O)

tiếp diễn
Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- She will be taking care of - Her children will be being taken care of at
her children at this time
 tomorrow this time tomorrow.

11. Tương lai S + will + have + VpIII + O S + will + have + been + VpIII + (by O)
hoà n thà nh
Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- She will have finished her - Her studying will have been finished by the
studying by the end of this end of this year.
year.

12. Tương lai S + will + have + been + V- S + will + have +been + being + VpIII + (by
hoà n thà nh tiếp ing + O O)
diễn
Ví dụ : Ví dụ :
- I will have been teaching - English will have been being taught by me fo
English for 5 years by next 5 years by next week.
week.

III- BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động.

1. My sister cooks meals every day.

2. My mother cleaned the floor yesterday.

3. My friend has written ten emails for 2 hours.

4. My father is painting our house.

5. My sister was buying some food at 11 a.m yesterday.

6. My brother uses a pencil to draw beautiful pictures.

7. They had finished their work before you came yesterday.

8. I will call you If there is any important information.

Bài 2: Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động

1. My father waters this flower every morning.

2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.

3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.

4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.

5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.

6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.

7. Tom will visit his parents next month.

8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.

9. Did Mary this beautiful dress?

10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.

11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.

12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.

13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.

14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.

15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?

16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.

17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?

18. Are you going to repair those shoes?

19. He has broken his nose in a football match.

20. Have you finished the above sentences?

Bài 3: Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

2. Our friends send these postcards to us.

3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.

6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

7. He lends his friend his new shoes.

8. She left her relatives five million pounds.

9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

11. Have you sent the christmas cards to your family?

12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.

14. They keep this room tidy all the time.

15. They all voted the party a great success.

16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

17. They moved the fridge into the living room.

18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.

19. They find the new project worthless.

20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.