Operating Systems

 Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a system software that manages the computer hardware and
the software resources and provides common services for computer programs and a
convenient interface for the computer users.

 Functions of OS

Computer Storage devices

A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, retrieving and extracting data
files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be
internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device.

Storage Devices

Magnetic storage Optical media Solid Media

devices devices

Activity 01 – Write examples for these devices and find the images of
storage devices and paste on your book.
 Magnetic Media Devices
Hard Disk- The hard disk consists of a magnetised platter and a moving metal head. There are
two different types of hard disks, internal hard disks and external hard disks. A large amount of
data can be stored permenently in the internal hard disk.

Magnetic Tape A magnetic tape is a thin plastic tape covered with a magnetic substance. It is
used for recording sounds, images or computer data etc. The magnatic tape which was used often
in the past has now become obsolete.

A floppy disk is a magnetic media device that can be used to store small files. It
contains a capacity of 1.44 MB. It is used to carry data because it is an external storage device.
But is becoming obsolete.At present, there are disks which are produced by using the same
technology used to produce the floppy disks such as zip disks and jazz disks. The capacity of
these disks is greater than that of the floppy disks. But they are not used often.

Optical Media Devices

In optical media devices, data is read and written by laser beams.

CD - Compact Disks
CD-R and CD-RW
There are two types of disks such as recordable (CD-R) and
rewritable (CD-RW). The capacity of these disks are 650MB
and 700MB.

Digital Versatile Disks (DVD)

DVD-R and DVD-RW
They are of two types; DVD-R (data can be written once)
and DVD - RWC (rewritable). The capacity of these disks
are 4.7 GB, 8.5 GB, 15 GB and 30 GB.

Blue Ray Disks

blue ray disks
In these disks, data can be stored on several levels as 25 GB on each
level.

Optical Media Devices

Solid state media devices are a type of device which write and read data electronically
at a high speed. As they do not have moving parts as in hard disks and compact
disks to write and read data, they are known as solid state media devices.

Draw or Paste the images for Optical Media Devices.

Let's learn the files and folders

Files and Folders

Folder
In computers, a folder is the virtual location for applications, documents, data or
other sub-folders. Folders help in storing and organizing files and data in the
computer.

File
A computer file is a computer resource for recording data discretely in a computer storage device.
Just as words can be written on paper, so can information be written on a computer file. There are
different types of computer files, designed for different purposes.

A file can be devided into 2 parts.

File

File Name File extension

Find the file name and the file extensions of these files.
1.Asm.pdf
2.Songs.mp4
3.Chanula.docx
4.Word.xlxs
5.School.mp3
Create a Folder in Windows

Short cut key

Ctrl + Shift + N

File Type
This helps you to identify the type of the file, such as PDF document, Open Document Text, or JPEG
image. The file type determines which application in used to open the file. For example, you cannot
open a picture with a music player.

File Size
This field is displayed if you are looking at a file (not a folder). The size of a file tells you how much
disk space it takes up.
Size of a single character in a word document is 1 Byte
Units of file size (KB, MB, GB, TB)

Date and Time Modified

The created date is the date on which the file was originally created and the modified date is the date
on which the file was last modified.
Group by files and folders that are in a specific folder or directory
1. Open any directory in Windows Explorer.
2. Right-click and choose Group by > (None)
3. Select Group by
4. Select the Name/Date Modified/Type/Size and Ascending /Descending

Short BY files and folders that are in a specific folder or directory

1. Open any directory in Windows Explorer.
2. Right-click and choose Sort by > (None)
3. Select Group by
4. Select the Name/Date Modified/Type/Size and Ascending /Descending

File Propeties Folder Propeties