1872

CAVITE MUTINY
- (1) Spaniard Version
- (2) Report of Gov. Rafael
Izquierdo
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

TOPIC
1872 CAVITE MUTINY
The Spaniard Version and
Report of Gov. Rafael Izquierdo
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

INTRODUCTION
• On 20th of January 1872, Filipinos awakened their
patriotism and nationalism that led to Philippine
revolution against the abuses of the Spanish colonial
regime, we called the event as Cavite Mutiny. However,
the event had two versions which now becomes a
controversy in Philippine history.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

INTRODUCTION
• According to the Spanish perspective, it is an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the
Spanish government in the Philippines, while according to the Filipino version as a
response to the injustices made by the Spaniards, the incident was a mere mutiny by
the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned out to be
dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges.

The two version have their own perspective that confused the mind of Filipino people
about the history of Cavite Mutiny. But we will be further discuss the Spaniard Version.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

INTRODUCTION
The abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-
payment of tributes and exemption from force labor were the main reasons of the
“revolution” as how they called it the event is an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the
Spanish government in the Philippines.

On 17 February 1872 in an attempt of the Spanish government and Frailocracia to

instill fear among the Filipinos so that they may never commit such daring act again, the
GomBurZa (Gomez. Burgos, Zamora) were executed. This event was tragic but served
as one of the moving forces that shaped Filipino nationalism.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

JOSE MONTERO Y VIDAL

• Born on January 28, 1851
• Born in Andalusian town of Gergal
• Went to Madrid to study Law
• Government official residing in Manila in 1872
• Civil Governor in colonial provinces of the Spanish Empire in
1875
• Married Carolina Marin-Baldo Burgueros in Murcia & had 4
children
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

SPANIARD VERSION
• Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish historian
01 documented the event and highlighted it as an attempt
of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in
the Philippines.

• Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo's official report magnified

the event and made use of it to implicate the native
clergy (such as GomBurZa), which was then active in
the call for secularization.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

SPANIARD VERSION
• Both Montero and Izquierdo scored out that the abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers
of Cavite arsenal such as non- payment of tributes and exemption from force labor were the main
reasons of the "revolution" as how they called it,

• Izquierdo reported to the King of Spain that the "rebels" wanted to overthrow the Spanish
government to install a new "hari" in the likes of Fathers Burgos and Zamora.

• The general even added that the native clergy enticed other participants by giving them
charismatic assurance that their fight will not fail because God is with them coupled with
handsome promises of rewards such as employment, wealth, and ranks in the army.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

SPANIARD VERSION
• The two Spaniards (Montero & Izquierdo) deemed that the event of 1872 was planned
earlier and was thought of it as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, mestizos,
abogadillos or native lawyers, residents of Manila and Cavite and the native clergy.
They insinuated that the conspirators of Manila and Cavite planned to eliminate high-
ranking Spanish officers to be followed by the massacre of the friars.

• Accordingly, on 20th day of January 1872, the district of Sampaloc celebrated the
feast of the Virgin of Loreto, unfortunately participants to the feast celebrated the
occasion with the usual fireworks displays. Allegedly, those in Cavite mistook the
fireworks as the sign for the attack, and just like what was agreed upon, the 200-men
contingent headed by Sergeant La Madrid launched an attack targeting Spanish
officers at sight and seized the arsenal.
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SPANIARD VERSION
• When the news reached the iron-fisted Gov. Izquierdo, he readily ordered the
reinforcement of the Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt. The
"revolution" was easily crushed when the expected reinforcement from Manila
did not come ashore. Major instigators including Sergeant La Madrid were
killed in the skirmish, while the GomBurZa were tried by a court-martial and
were sentenced to die by strangulation.
• On 17th day of February 1872, the GomBurZa were executed to instill fear
among the Filipinos so that they may never commit such daring act again.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

Report of Gov. Rafael Izquierdo

Rafael Gerónimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutiérrez
• A Spanish Military Officer, politician, and statesman.
• A Governor-General of the Philippines (1871 to 1873).
• He was famous for his use of "Iron Fist".
• Led to execution - 41 of the mutineers.
• Acted as Governor-General of Puerto Rico.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

CONTENT OF HIS OFFICIAL

REPORT ON CAVITE MUTINY
• Active the movement toward secularization of Parishes.
• Attempt to overthrow Spanish government in Philippines.
• A new "hari" in the persons of Father Burgos/Zamora.
• Lofty rewards and ranks in the army.
• Planned to establish a monarchy or republic.
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THE RESULT OF HIS OFFICIAL REPORT ON CAVITE MUTINY

In result, leaders of the plot were killed;

• Father Mariano Gomes de los Angeles

• Father José Apolonio Burgos y García
• Father Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario
• They were tried by a Court – Martial.
• As result they were sentenced to be executed
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OTHERS WHO WERE IMPLICATED

• JOAQUIN PARDO DE TAVERA
• ΑΤΟΝΙΟ ΝA REGIDOR
• JOSE BASA, PIO BASA

Together with the Filipino lawyers arrested sentenced

to life imprisonment at Marianas island.
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CONTENT SUMMARY
• In his official report broadens the event and
made use of it to implicate the native clergy
(such as the GomBurZa), which was then
active in the call for secularization.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

PERSONS INVOLVED
IN THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF
RAFAEL IZQUIERDO
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MARIANO GOMES
•A well-known Roman Catholic priest during their time.
•Mixed native (Filipino), Chinese, and Spanish ancestries.
•Designated as the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite.
•Fought the rights of his fellow native priests.
•Active in the publication of newspaper La Verdad.
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JOSE BURGOS
•Born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur on February 9, 1837.
•Studied at the Colegio San Juan de Letran.
•Went to the University of Santo Tomas.
 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

JACINTO ZAMORA
•Born on August 14, 1835 in Pandacan.
•Studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran.
•A degree of Bachelor of Canon/Civil
Laws.
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EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA
The GomBurZa, Filipino priests, were executed in
public using a garrote to scare Filipinos from
rebelling against the Spanish again. A young Jose
Rizal supposedly saw this, making it a significant
event in history.
1872 CAVITE MUTINY