Unit 8: Topic 8.

5 Decolonization/Independence Movements of the 20th Century

Colony & Independence Leaders Major events and nationalist Legacy & Outcomes Economic changes and continuities
Colonizer and Methods of parties/organizations that What occurred after independence? What were the resulting from decolonization
Independence assisted in Independence successes and/or struggles of the nation? How have (Topic 8.6)
(Violent/Nonviolent?) they dealt with the legacy of colonialism?

India Leaders advocating Key historical occurrences: Outcomes of Independency: Changes:

for independence ● Civil Disobedience ● Two newly established ● Economic expansion
(Great coincided with the partition into
Britain) include: campaign autonomous dominions
two distinct states, leading to
● Salt Satyagraha emerged.
higher income levels and an
● Chidambaram spanning 1930-1931 ● Partition resulted in widespread improved standard of living.
Pillai ● 1857 Revolt riots, significant casualties, and Continuities:
● Sri Aurobindo Prominent Institutions: mass migrations. ● Same religions (Different
● Surendranath ● Indian National ● Muslims migrated to Pakistan, Areas/States)
Banerjee Association ● while Hindus and Sikhs relocated
● Rabindranath to India.
Tagore ● Partition also entailed the
Approaches to division of Bengal and Punjab
achieving provinces.
independence:

South Leaders of Key occurrences: Outcomes of Independency: Changes: Revenue generated from oil
independence ● Enactment of the ● Reconfiguration of political deposits did not benefit the populace.
Africa
movements include: Status of the Union Act boundaries
● Nelson Mandela Prominent Institutions: ● Transition to a republic
Approaches to ● African National ● Instability in post-colonial
achieving Congress political structures Continuities: Strife between various
independence: ● Fields of Engagement ● Increased disparities between the ethnic communities.
● Nonviolent northern and southern
demonstrations hemispheres
● Settlers
commanding
the police and
military forces

Algeria Independence Leaders Key occurrences: Consequences of Independence: Changes: It sustained growth in the
include: ● The Algerian War ● Rise in casualties resulting from agricultural sector, yet violence
(France) ● Prominent Chiefs persisted as an ongoing concern.
Prominent Institutions: warfare
from history
● National Liberation ● Erosion of cultural heritage
● Notable figures
within this group
Front through the destruction of
comprise: Hocine villages
 Ait Ahmed, ● Relocation of residents to new Continuities: It continued to thrive with
Mohamed settlements the agriculture section but violence
Boudiaf, was still a continuity.
Belkacem Krim,
Rabah Bitat,
Larbi Ben M'Hidi,
Mourad Didouch,
Moustafa Ben
Boulaid,
Mohamed Khider,
and Ben Bella

Methods of
Independence Include:
● The treaties
ratified in 1962
granted Algeria
its
independence.

Vietnam Independence Key historical events: Consequences of Independence: Changes: Implemented certain
(France) ● The Cold War ● Division of Vietnam into two market-oriented economic reforms.
Leaders include:
● Japanese triumph over separate entities
the French in Vietnam
Methods of ● Execution of numerous
Independence: French officials ContinuitiesVietnam and the US
Prominent Institutions: restored trade and diplomatic ties.

Ghana Leaders of Key occurrences: Victory for North Vietnam resulted in the
(Great Independence ● In 1946, the inaugural destabilization of Southeast Asia as
communist forces seized control of Changes: Their economy flourished in
Britain) include: legislative council certain aspects later on.
● Kwame elections occurred. Laos and Cambodia.
Nkrumah ● In 1951, Kwame ●
Approaches to Nkrumah emerged
achieving victorious in the Gold
Continuities: Ghana persisted as a
Independence: Coast Legislative
predominantly agricultural economy
elections, leading to with enduring poverty.
the formation of the
1952 Gold Coast
Legislative Assembly.
 Prominent Institutions:

Evaluate the extent to which nations utilized armed struggle to pursue independence after 1900.
The migration of former colonial administrators to the imperial capital, often a metropolis, sustains cultural and economic connections
between the colony and the metropolis even after the dissolution of the empire. Examples of such migration include South Asians to the
United Kingdom, Algerians to France, and Filipinos to the United States. Despite the efforts of many leaders in their respective nations to
pursue nonviolent revolutions and achieve independence, places like South Africa and Algeria witnessed extremely violent conflicts in their
struggles to regain control of their lands and sovereignty from their colonizers.