La Ex - RRP 2021 International Groupings

RRP 2021 – INTERNATIONAL GROUPINGS
INDEX
Page
S.No. Topic
No.
I. Groupings and Mnemonics 01 − 02

II. Details about Important International Groupings 03 − 22
1. Commonwealth of Nations 03 − 03
2. European Union (EU) 03 − 04
3. Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
04 − 04
4. ASIA-Europe Meeting Summit (ASEM)
5. East Asia Summit
05 − 05
6. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
7. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
06 − 06
8. BANGLADESH-BHUTAN-INDIA-NEPAL (BBIN)
9. Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM)
10. Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation 07 − 07
(BIMSTEC)
11. BRICS
08 − 08
12. Group of Four (G-4)
13. Group of Seven (G-7) 09 −09
14. Group of Twenty (G-20) 09 − 10
15. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 10 − 10
16. Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
11 − 11
17. FATF Asia Pacific Group (APG)
18. IBSA 11 – 12
19. India-Africa Forum 12 − 12
20. Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)
12 − 13
21. Islamic Military Alliance
22. Mekong-Ganga Cooperation 13 − 14
23. Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) 14 − 14
24. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 14 − 15
25. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 15 − 15
26. Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
16 − 16
27. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
28. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 17 − 17
29. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 17 − 18
30. Arctic council 18 − 18
31. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
19 − 19
32. QUAD COUNTRIES
33. U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
20 − 20
34. MERCOSUR
35. Caribbean community/CARICOM
21 − 21
36. African Union
37. Trans Pacific Partnership
38. Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement 22 − 22
for Trans Pacific Partnership
RRP 2021 – International Groupings
I. Groupings and Mnemonics
Grouping Mnemonic and Member Countries

Eurasian Economic Union BeAr KyKaRu
(EAEU) Be- Belarus; Ar – Armenia; Ky – Kyrgyzstan; Ka – Kazakhstan;
Ru - Russia.
East Asia Summit RCEP Members + URI (US, Russia, India)
RCEP Members = ASEAN Countries + J SCAN
(ASEAN Countries = MBBS PVT LIC)
M – Malaysia; B – Myanmar (Burma); B – Brunei; S – Singapore;
P – Philippines; V –Vietnam; T – Thailand; L – Laos; I -Indonesia
and C – Cambodia; J – Japan; S - South Korea; C – China;
A - Australia and N - New Zealand
Association of Southeast TV CLIP of MBBS (Read Myanmar as Burma)
Asian Nations (ASEAN) T-Thailand, V-Vietnam, C-Cambodia, L-Laos, I-Indonesia,
P-Philippines M-Malaysia, B- Myanmar (Burma), B-Brunei and
S-Singapore
BBIN Initiative BBIN
B – Bangladesh; B – Bhutan; I - India and N - Nepal
BCIM Economic Corridor BCIM
B – Bangladesh; C – China; I-India and M-Myanmar
BIMSTEC MBBS NIT
M - Myanmar; B - Bangladesh; B - Bhutan; S - Sri Lanka;
N - Nepal; I - India and T - Thailand
BRICS BRICS
B – Brazil; R – Russia; I – India; C - China and S - South Africa
Group of Four (G-4) BIG J
B – Brazil; I – India; G - Germany and J - Japan
Group of Seven (G-7) JUICE with GF
J – Japan; U - the United States; U - the United Kingdom;
I – Italy; C – Canada; G - Germany and F - France
Group of Twenty (G-20) GURU JI SITA AB SSC FCI ME job karti hai (follow only
capital letters)
G- Germany; U- U.S.A; R- Russia; U- United Kingdom; J- Japan;
I- India; S- South Arabia; I- Indonesia; T- Turkey; A- Australia;
A- Argentina; B- Brazil; S- South Africa; S- South Korea; C-
Canada; F- France; C- China; I- Italy; M- Mexico; E- European
Union (EU)
Gulf Cooperation Council QUBOKS
(GCC) Q - Qatar; U - the United Arab Emirates; B – Bahrain;
O – Oman; K - Kuwait and S - Saudi Arabia
www.laexias.com Page 1 https://elearn.laex.in

IBSA IBSA
I - India; B - Brazil; SA - South Africa
Mekong-Ganga Cooperation LIMCa TV
L – Laos; I – India; M – Myanmar; Ca – Cambodia; T - Thailand
and V - Vietnam
Organization of the U and CAG A EVIL SKIN (13 Countries)
Petroleum Exporting U - United Arab Emirates; C – Congo; A – Algeria; G – Gabon;
Countries (OPEC) A – Angola; E - Equatorial Guinea; V – Venezuela; I – Iran;
L – Libya; S - Saudi Arabia; K – Kuwait; I - Iraq and N - Nigeria
OPEC+ MBBS MARKOS
M – Mexico; B – Bahrain; B – Brunei; S - South Sudan;
M – Malaysia; A – Azerbaijan; R – Russia; K – Kazakhstan;
O - Oman and S - Sudan.
RCEP ASEAN + J SCAN
(ASEAN = MBBS PVT LIC)
M – Malaysia; B – Myanmar (Burma); B – Brunei; S – Singapore;
P – Philippines; V –Vietnam; T – Thailand; L – Laos; I -Indonesia
and C – Cambodia; J – Japan; S - South Korea; C – China;
A - Australia and N - New Zealand
SAARC MBBS PAIN
M – Maldives; B – Bangladesh; B – Bhutan; S – Sri Lanka;
P – Pakistan; A – Afghanistan; I – India and N - Nepal
Shanghai Cooperation PIK up TRUCK
Organization (SCO) P – Pakistan; I -India; K – Kazakhstan; T – Tajikistan;
R – Russia; U – Uzbekistan; C – China and K – Kyrgyzstan
Arctic council Russian CD IS FUN
R – Russia; C – Canada; D - Denmark (representing Greenland
and Faroe Islands); I -Iceland; S – Sweden; F – Finland;
U - United States and N - Norway
Quadrilateral Security JAI US
Dialogue J – Japan; A – Australia; I - India and U - U.S
USMCA MCA
M – Mexico; C – Canada; A - America (USA)
MERCOSUR ABVP BU
A – Argentina; B - Brazil, V –Venezuela; P – Paraguay;
B – Bolivia, and U - Uruguay
Trans Pacific Partnership US, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia,
New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru (12 Countries)
Comprehensive and TPP countries minus USA
Progressive Agreement for J – Japan, M – Malaysia, V –Vietnam, S - Singapore, B – Brunei,
Trans Pacific Partnership A - Australia, N - New Zealand, C – Canada, M - Mexico,
C – Chile and P – Peru

II. Details about Important International Groupings
1. COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS
About: Association of independent sovereign states,

most of which are former colonies of the United
Kingdom.
Set up after second world war by British to
maintain close economic ties with its former
colonies.
It is not a political union
Established: by the London Declaration in 1949.
Head Quarters: London, UK
Summit: Biennial summit - meeting of the heads of government
Objectives: To create an atmosphere of economic cooperation between member nations
Promotion of democracy and good governance in them.
Members: 54 Members including India
Queen Elizabeth II
• The role:
o is an important symbolic one.
o has no maximum fixed term
o is not hereditary, and future Heads will be chosen by Commonwealth
leaders.
In News: Maldives has recently re-joined the Commonwealth as 54th member by
reversing its earlier decision.
2. EUROPEAN UNION (EU)
About EU is a political and economic union

located primarily in Europe.
The EU has developed an internal
single market through a
standardized system of laws that
apply in all member states.
Established A monetary union was established in 1999, coming into full force in 2002,
and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

Head Quarters Brussels, Belgium

Summit Biannual summits – solely to discuss issues for eurozone
Objectives EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services
and capital within the internal market.
Members 27-member states.
In News BREXIT- In January 2020, the United Kingdom became the first member
state ever to leave the EU, following a 2016 referendum.
3. EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (EAEU)
About International economic union of

countries located in northern
Eurasia.
Founding member states- Belarus,
Kazakhstan and Russia
Established into force in 2015 through Treaty on Eurasian Economic Union

Head Quarters Administrative centers
o Moscow, Russia (Commission)
o Minsk, Belarus (Court)
Objectives •
To provide free trade among member countries without any barriers.
•
To co-ordinate the financial systems and regulates industrial and
agricultural policies
Members Presently 5-member countries- Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
and Russia.
How to BeAr KyKaRu
Remember
In News India skipped 2019 meeting of EAEU which was organised by Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation
4. ASIA-EUROPE MEETING SUMMIT (ASEM)
About ASEM is an intergovernmental process established to foster dialogue and

cooperation between Asia and Europe.
Established 1996
Head Quarters Bangkok, Thailand.
Summit Biennial meeting
Objectives ASEM addresses political, economic, financial, social, cultural, and
educational issues of common interest
Members ASEM comprises 53 Partners: 30 European and 21 Asian countries, the
European Union and the ASEAN Secretariat.
India – Founding member

5. EAST ASIA SUMMIT
About • It is an ASEAN led initiative.

• It is forum of East Asian, South East Asian and South Asian nations.
• EAS allows the principal players in the Asia-Pacific region to discuss
issues of common interest and concern, in an open and transparent
manner, at the highest level.
Established 2005
Summit Annually
Objectives • To further the objectives of regional peace, security and prosperity.
Members 18 members: 10 ASEAN nations + China, Japan and South Korea + Australia
+ New Zealand + India + Russia +USA
How to RCEP Members + URI (US, Russia, India)
Remember RCEP= ASEAN + 5 (Mnemonics given in later sections)
In News 2020 summit chaired by Vietnam took place virtually amid pandemic.
6. ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION
About • It is regional economic forum of 21

Pacific Rim member economies that
promotes free trade throughout the
Asia-Pacific region.
• Account for nearly 50% of world’s
trade and about 57% of GDP.
India and APEC
• India is observer (not a member) of
APEC since 2011
India has requested membership in
APEC. However, it is not approved as
India does not border with Pacific
Ocean.
Established 1989
Head Quarters Singapore
Summit Annual summits
Objectives • To promote ease of doing business among the pacific countries
• to increase energy efficiency and promote sustainable management of
forest and marine resources.
• Prepare the APEC nations for new challenges by ensuring disaster
resilience, planning for pandemics, and addressing terrorism.
Members 21-member states
In News 2020 summit- a virtual meeting of the 21-member Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) forum was hosted by Malaysia.

7. ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
About • It is a political and economic

organization of 10 south east Asian
countries
• The motto of ASEAN is “One Vision, One
Identity, One Community”.
• India has FTA with ASEAN
• Chairmanship of ASEAN rotates
annually, based on alphabetical order of
English names of member states.
Established In 1967 by signing the Bangkok Declaration
Head Quarters Jakarta, Indonesia
Summit Biannual meetings
Objectives • To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development
for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations.
• To promote regional peace and stability
• To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of
common interest
• To promote Southeast Asian studies and standard of living of people
Members Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Brunei, Singapore, Philippines Thailand,
Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia and Cambodia
How to TV CLIP of MBBS (Read Myanmar as Burma)
Remember
In News In 2021 February, ASEAN-India Hackathon was conducted.
8. BANGLADESH-BHUTAN-INDIA-NEPAL (BBIN)
About • It is a proposed sub-regional motor vehicle

agreement (MVA).
• It is a big initiative in the region for
improving rail and road connectivity in
the region.
Established Framework was signed inn 2015

Objectives To allow trucks and other commercial vehicles to ply on one another’s
highways to facilitate trade.
Members Bhutan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
How to BBIN
Remember
In News Bangladesh, India and Nepal have ratified the agreement, but Bhutan is yet
to accord its ratification of the agreement.

9. BANGLADESH-CHINA-INDIA-MYANMAR (BCIM)
About • BCIM is a sub-regional

organisation of Asian nations
aimed at greater integration of
trade and investment between
the four countries.
• The multi-modal corridor will be
the first interstate between India
(Kolkata) and China (KUNMING)
and will go through Myanmar
(Mandalay) and Bangladesh
(Dhaka).
Established evolved from Kunming Initiative of 1990’s
given final shape inn 2013.
Objectives It is intended to advance multi-modal connectivity, promote investment and
trade and facilitate people-to-people contacts
Members Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar
How to BCIM
Remember
In News China has assured that BCIM does not come under BRI
10. BAY OF BENGAL INITIATIVE FOR MULTI-SECTORAL TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC

COOPERATION (BIMSTEC)
About • This sub-regional organization

• Initially called ‘BIST-EC’ (Bangladesh,
India, Sri-Lanka and Thailand Economic
Cooperation).
• Myanmar joined in 1997. Nepal and
Bhutan in 2004
• BIMSTEC uses the alphabetical order for
the Chairmanship
Established Came into being in 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration.
Head Quarters Dhaka, Bangladesh
Summit Every 4 years;
Last summit – 2018 – Kathmandu, Nepal
Next summit – 2022 – Colombo, Sri Lanka
Objectives Core objective is the improvement of economic cooperation among countries.
Members From South Asia - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka
Two are from Southeast Asia –Myanmar, Thailand
How to MBBS NIT
Remember
In News The 17th Ministerial meeting chaired by Sri Lanka was held in April 2021.

11. BRICS
About • It comprises 42% of the world's population, has

23% of the global GDP and around 17% of the
world trade.
• The chairmanship of the forum is rotated
annually among the members, in accordance
with the acronym B-R-I-C-S.
Established Formed in September 2006 at UNGA 61st session
First summit was held in 2009 in Russia
Head Quarters No permanent headquarters.
The office sits at the country which holds the chairmanship
Summit Annual
Objectives major objectives of the grouping is broadening, deepening, and intensifying
cooperation among the member countries for mutually beneficial, sustainable
and equitable development.
Members Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Initially it was BRIC. South Africa joined later in 2010.
How to BRICS
Remember
In News India is the chair of BRICS 2021
The theme of the 13th BRICS Summit is, ‘BRICS @ 15: Intra-BRICS
Cooperation for Continuity, Consolidation and Consensus.’
12. GROUP OF FOUR (G-4)
About • Comprising of 4 countries which support each other’s bids for permanent
seats on the United Nations Security Council. However, P-5 countries
have often used their veto power against this.
• Each of these four countries have figured among the elected non-
permanent members of the council since the UN's establishment.
• Their economic and political influence has grown significantly in the last
decades. G4 currently rank among the 10 economies with the highest
nominal GDP in the world
Established 2005
Head Quarters United Nations
Objectives support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security
Council
Members Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan
How to BIG J
Remember
In News Recently, Foreign Ministers from the Group of 4 (G4) participated in a
virtual meeting.
The Ministers reaffirmed their common resolve to finally take decisive steps
towards the early and comprehensive reform of the Security Council

13. GROUP OF SEVEN (G-7)
About • Forum of the seven countries

with the world's largest
developed economies
• Formerly it was G8 (including
Russia). However, in 2014,
Russia was suspended from the
group after the annexation of
Crimea
• G7 countries represent more
than 64% of the net global
wealth.
• The European Union is
sometimes considered an eighth
member of the G-7, since it
holds all the rights and
responsibilities of full members
except to chair or host the
meeting.
Established 1975
Head Quarters The G7 has no permanent secretariat or office
Summit Annual
Objectives The major purpose of the G-7 is to discuss and sometimes act in concert to
help resolve, global problems, with a special focus on economic issues.
Members France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom &
Canada
How to JUICE with GF
Remember
In News The 47th G7 Summit is scheduled to be held in June 2021. The United
Kingdom has invited the Prime Minister of India to attend the G7 summit.
14. GROUP OF TWENTY (G-20)
About • Informal group formed on the

background of Asian Financial
crisis- 1997-98
• Together, the G20 members
represent –
o two thirds of the world
population.
o 85% of the global gross product.
o 75% of international trade.
• 80% of global investments in
research and development.

Forum for economic, financial

o
and political cooperation.
Established In 1999
Head Quarters • The G20 does not have permanent offices or employees.
• The country that presides over the group (in an year) takes care of all the
organization and the logistical coordination of the meetings.
Summit Annual
Objectives to address major issues related to the global economy, such as
international financial stability, climate change mitigation, and sustainable
development.
Members • Includes 19 of the world’s largest economies and the European Union.
• Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India,
Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia,
South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the
European Union
• Spain as a permanent, non-member invitee
• All the G7 members are part of G20
How to GURU JI SITA AB SSC FCI ME job karti hai
Remember
In News G20 summit was held virtually for the first time in 2020 due to COVID 19
Pandemic
15. GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC)
About • GCC is a political and economic

alliance of six Middle Eastern
countries
• All members are monarchies
• It includes all Arab states of Persian
Gulf except Iraq
• Presidency of the council rotates
annually.
Established 1981
Head Quarters Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Summit Annual
Objectives The purpose of the GCC is to achieve unity among its members based on
their common objectives
Members Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman.
How to QUBOKS
Remember
In News Kafala system is found in all GCC countries.
• The kafala, or sponsorship, system defines the relationship between
migrant workers and their local sponsor, or kafeel, which is usually
their employer.

16. FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE (FATF)
About • FATF is an international group responsible for combating money

laundering, terrorist financing and human trafficking.
• It helps the countries in adopting the best measures to have healthy
financial system.
• Now FATF has started dealing with crypto currency as well.
• It prepares blacklist and grey list.
Established 1989 by G-7 countries in a Summit held in Paris
Head Quarters Paris, France. (At OECD headquarters)
Summit FATF Plenary: is FATF’s decision making body. Meets three times per year.
Objectives to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory
and operational measures for combating money laundering, terrorist
financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international
financial system.
Members FATF comprises of 37-member jurisdictions and 2 Regional Organizations
namely Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and European Commission (EC).
In News The FATF which is actively monitoring the impact of the pandemic on
measures to combat illicit financing, released a paper on “Covid-19-related
Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Risks and Policy Responses”.
17. FATF ASIA PACIFIC GROUP (APG)
About FATF Asia-Pacific Group is one of the regional affiliates of the Financial
Action Task Force.
Australia is the permanent co-chair of APG
Established 1997
Head Quarters Sydney, Australia
Objectives focused on ensuring that its members effectively implement the international
standards against money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation
financing related to weapons of mass destruction.
Members APG has 41 members including India, china, USA etc.
In News It places Pakistan on Blacklist for failing to combat terrorism, money
laundering and meeting the required global standards.
18. IBSA
About Established IBSA is a tripartite group which supports promotion of

cooperation in various fields of agriculture, trade, culture, and defence
among others.
Established in 2003 via Brasilia Declaration by external affairs ministers of 3 countries
Head Quarters IBSA does not have a headquarters or a permanent executive secretariat.

Summit No regularity in holding summits.

So far 5 summits have taken place.
Objectives • To promote South-South cooperation
• To build consensus on issues of international importance such as UN and
UNSC reforms and reforms in Bretton woods Organizations.
• To increase trade / exchange of information opportunities between the
three countries
Members India-Brazil-South Africa
How to IBSA
Remember
In News 2020 meet was chaired by India (External affairs ministry)
Miscellaneous IBSA Fund: It was established in 2004 and became operational in 2006 to
support projects on a demand driven basis through partnerships with local
governments, national institutions and implementing partners.
IBSAMAR: IBSA Maritime Exercise Æ trilateral defence cooperation.
19. INDIA-AFRICA FORUM
About • It was a meeting between the heads of state and government of India and
14 countries of Africa chosen by the African Union.
• It is the official platform for Indian-African relations
• The underlying discussion and focus in the latest IAFS were on the
enhancement of ties to the 100*100 matrix by 2025.
Established 2008
Summit Four editions have been held so far—in 2008, 2011, 2015, 2020
Objectives Rising oil and food prices were the top concerns for the African and Indian
leaders during the summit. India has pledged to support at the level of health
and education-related projects in Africa
Members India and 14 countries of Africa chosen by the African Union
In News In 2020, latest edition of the meet was taken place at the 15th CII-EXIM
Bank Digital Conclave on India Africa Project Partnership in New Delhi.
20. INDIAN OCEAN RIM ASSOCIATION (IORA)
About • Inter-governmental organization

comprising the coastal countries
that border the Indian Ocean.
• The idea for the IORA was
formed by India and South
Africa.

Established on 7 March 1997

Head Quarters Ebene, Mauritius.
Summit 2017 – 1st summit – marked 20 years – held at Jakarta
2019 - @nd Summit – at Abu Dabi
Objectives • Promoting balanced development and sustainable growth in the regions of
the Member States.
• Promoting Liberalisation
• Removing impediments for enhanced flow of goods, services and
investments.
• Lowering Barriers
Members 22-member states- Australia, Bangladesh, Comoros, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Oman,
Seychelles, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand,
UAE, and Yemen.
Maldives, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Myanmar though bordering Indian
ocean, are not members
In News In December 2020, France joined IORA
IOD and India • The Indian Ocean Dialogue (IOD) is a flagship initiative
• In 2014, India hosted the first Indian Ocean Dialogue in Kochi, Kerala
• In Dec, 2019 Sixth edition of IOD was held in NEW DELHI, India
21. ISLAMIC MILITARY ALLIANCE
About • Intergovernmental counter-terrorist

alliance of countries in the Muslim
world
Established Created by Saudi Arabia in 2015

Head Quarters Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Objectives primary objective is to protect Muslim countries from all terrorist groups
and terrorist organizations irrespective of their sect and name.
Members 41-member countries including Pakistan
22. MEKONG-GANGA COOPERATION
About It takes its name from Ganga and Mekong, the two civilisational rivers in
Southeast Asia.
The MGC is also indicative of the cultural and commercial linkages among
the member countries of the MGC down the centuries.

Established 2000
Summit Annual ministerial meetings are held
Objectives To facilitate closer contacts among people inhabiting these two (Ganga and
Mekong) major civilisational river basins and enhancing cooperation in
various fields.
Members India + 5 ASEAN countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and
Vietnam.)
How to LIMCa TV
Remember
23. NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP (NSG)
About • NSG is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to

the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons
• NSG controls the export and re-transfer of materials that may be
applicable to nuclear weapon development
Established Set up as a response to India’s nuclear tests conducted in 1974.
Head Quarters Belgium
Objectives to have nuclear trade for peaceful purposes
Members 48-member countries
India and NSG • India is not a member of NSG
• Since 2008, India has sought membership in the NSG. But it was not
granted as India has not signed Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
• India, Pakistan, Israel and South Sudan are among the four UN
member states which have not signed the NPT
• However, India was granted a waiver in the same year so that the
countries can have nuclear trade with India which otherwise is
prohibited.
Benefits of Membership
• It will increase India’s access to state-of-the-art nuclear technology
from members of the Group
• Helps to increase the share of Nuclear energy in India’s renewable energy
target
It can get timely information on nuclear matters.
24. ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC)
About • OPEC is an intergovernmental

organisation of 13 countries.
• OPEC membership is open to any
country that is a substantial
exporter of oil and which shares the
ideals of the organization.

Established founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in 1960

Head Quarters Vienna, Austria
Objectives to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in
order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers
Members • Founding Members- Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
and Venezuela.
• 13 Member Countries. Congo (2018) was the recent one to join.
How to U and CAG A EVIL SKIN (13 Countries)
Remember
In News Qatar terminated its membership on 1 January 2019.
NOTE OPEC+
• OPEC+ supply cut agreement with Russia ended in April 2020. As a
result, Russia had increased its oil production
• OPEC+ refers to the alliance of crude producers, who have been
undertaking corrections in supply in the oil markets since 2017.
Members: OPEC plus countries include Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei,
Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, Russia, South Sudan and Sudan.
How to Remember? - MBBS MARKOS
Goals
• The Opec and non-Opec producers first formed the alliance at a historic
meeting in Algiers in 2016.
• The aim was to undertake production restrictions to help resuscitate a
flailing market.
25. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
About • OECD is an international

economic organization
• India is not member of OECD
Established 1961
Head Quarters Paris
Summit Usually held Annually
Objectives Goal of OECD is to shape policies that foster prosperity, equality,
opportunity and well-being for all.
It also ensures that the environmental impact of growth and social
development is always considered.
Members 36-member countries that are mostly high-income, free-market economies
In News Celebrates its 60th anniversary in 2021

26. ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC)
About • The Organization of Islamic Cooperation,

previously known as the Organization of The
Islamic Conference is an international
organisation of Muslim countries.
• It has permanent delegations to the United
Nations and the European Union.
• It is the second largest inter-governmental
organization after the United Nations
Established 1969
Head Quarters Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Objectives aims to provide a collective voice to the Muslim world and safeguard and
protect interests of the Muslims
In News In 2019, India was invited as a guest of honour for OIC meet for the first
time.
27. REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP)
About • It is free trade agreement signed into

existence by 15 countries
• Negotiations on the details of the RCEP
have been on since 2013.
• RCEP is viewed as an alternative to the
Trans-Pacific Partnership trade
agreement
• Represents 30% of the global economy
and world population, touching over 2.2
billion people.
Established Signed in November 2020

Head Quarters Signed at Hanoi, Vietnam
Objectives • aims to boost goods trade by eliminating most tariff and non-tariff
barriers.
• It also seeks to liberalise investment norms and do away with services
trade restrictions.
Members 10-member countries of ASEAN and 5 countries
Shown on map
How to ASEAN + J SCAN
Remember (ASEAN = MBBS PVT LIC)
In News • India has decided not to join the RCEP

28. SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION (SAARC)
About • SAARC is an economic & geopolitical

organization of 8 countries that are primarily
located in South Asia.
• Afghanistan is not a founding member. It
joined SAARC later.
• A South Asian Free Trade Zone, which was
agreed on in 2006, has not been materialized
yet.
• The 19th SAARC summit, scheduled to be held
in Islamabad in November 2016, was
postponed after the terrorist attacks in Uri;
none has been held since then.
Established 1985
Head Quarters Kathmandu, Nepal
Summit No regularity in summits.
Objectives To promote welfare of people of South Asia, accelerate economic growth and
increase collaboration and mutual assistance in economic, social, culture,
technology and scientific fields.
Members India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives,
Afghanistan
How to MBBS PAIN
Remember
In News SAARC COVID-19 Emergency funds
• Indian Prime Minister proposed the creation of COVID-19 EMERGENCY
FUND
• India contributed 10 million USD towards the funds. Pakistan
contributed 3 million USD. Other countries have also agreed to contribute
to the fund
29. SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION (SCO)
About • Also known as the Shanghai Pact. SCO is a

Eurasian political, economic, and
military organization
• Founding members: China, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and
Uzbekistan.
• In terms of geographical coverage and
population, it is world’s largest regional
organization.
India and SCO
• India became member of SCO in 2017 along
with Pakistan
• Statue of Unity included in 8 Wonders of
SCO

Established 2001
Head Quarters Beijing, China
Summit Annual summits
Objectives • Strengthening mutual trust and neighbourliness among the member
states;
• Promoting their effective cooperation in politics, trade, the economy,
research, technology and culture
• Making joint efforts to maintain and ensure peace, security and stability
in the region
• Moving towards the establishment of a democratic, fair and rational new
international political and economic order.
Members 8 members. Pakistan and India became members of SCO recently
Other members – China, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and
Kazakhstan
How to PIK up TRUCK
Remember
In News For the first time India is hosting 19th Council of Heads of Governments of
SCO in 2020.
30. ARCTIC COUNCIL
About • It is a high-
level intergovernmental forum that
addresses issues faced by
the Arctic governments and
the indigenous people of the Arctic.
• Initiative of Finland
• Focus areas of council- The
Environment and climate change,
Bio-diversity, Oceans, The
indigenous Arctic peoples.
• Chairmanship – each country holds
for two years.
Established 1996 by the Ottawa declaration

Head Quarters Tromso, Norway
Objectives to promote cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States
together with the indigenous communities and other Arctic
Members United States, Canada, Denmark (representing Greenland and Faroe
Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.
How to Russian CD IS FUN
Remember
In News • In 2019 India has been re-elected as an observer to the Arctic.
• Observers are not allowed to take part in the active meetings. They
usually participate in side.

31. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
About • Established as a defence alliance

• It is an intergovernmental political and
military alliance among 30 independent
member countries across North American and
European states.
• NATO is committed to the principle that an
attack against one or several of its members is
considered as an attack against all. This is
called principle of collective defence.
• All Alliance decisions are taken by consensus,
with each ally having an equal say.
Established 1949
Head Quarters Brussels, Belgium
Summit Not regular as ministerial meetings.
Objectives • This organisation also tried to unite all the countries of Europe and
America under one umbrella.
• It also aimed at economic stability of these countries and advancement in
military front.
• This organisation also mentally stabilised the European nations.
• Collective defence, crisis-management and cooperative security are
the prime function of NATO
In News The most recent member state to be added to NATO was North Macedonia on
27 March 2020.
32. QUAD COUNTRIES
About • Is an informal strategic dialogue between the United

States, Japan, Australia and India that is maintained by talks between
member countries.
• The Quadrilateral security dialogue or Quad was first mooted by the
Japanese Prime Minister in 2007. However, failed to form the grouping.
• In 2017 all 4 countries started Informal strategic dialogue
• Malabar Multilateral exercise among these nations
Established 2007, 2017-reestablishment after negotiations
Summit No regularity
Objectives The group is seen as a regional counterweight to China
Members India, Australia, Japan and the U.S.
How to JAI US
Remember
In News In 2020, Australia took part in Malabar exercise for the first time.

33. U.S.-MEXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT (USMCA)
About • Signed as the replacement for NAFTA

• NAFTA is the initialism for the North American
Free Trade Agreement, an agreement signed
by Canada, Mexico, and the United States
that reduced or eliminated trade barriers in
North America.
• USMCA is intended to last 16 years and will be
reviewed every 6 years.
• It gives U.S greater access to the dairy markets
of Canada and Mexico & allows extra imports
of Canada cars.
• Canada managed to preserve the dispute
settlement mechanism as a protection for its
wood industry
• It also adds provisions to prevent
“manipulation” of the trade rules, including
covering currency values, and controls over
outside countries trying to take advantage of
the duty-free market.
Objectives It’s basically NAFTA 2.0, with major changes on cars and new policies on
labor and environmental standards, intellectual property protections, and
some digital trade provisions.
Members USA, Canada and Mexico
How to MCA
Remember
In News In 2019, it was mooted out to replace NAFTA.
34. MERCOSUR
About • It is a sub-regional political and economic bloc of South American

countries.
• Venezuela is a full member but has been suspended since 1 December
2016.
Established 1991
Head Quarters Montevideo (Uruguay).
Objectives Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods,
people, and currency.
Members Its full members are Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay and
Uruguay.
How to ABVP BU
Remember

35. CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY/CARICOM
About • CARICOM is an official United

Nations Observer.
• The organisation is an economic
and political community that
works jointly to shape policies for
the region and encourages
economic growth and trade.
Established 1973
Head Quarters Georgetown, Guyana.
Objectives • coordinating economic policies and development planning
• devising and instituting special projects for the less-developed countries
within its jurisdiction
• operating as a regional single market for many of its members and
• handling regional trade disputes.
Members Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St.
Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago.
In News In 2019, India announced $14 million grant for community development
grants in CARICOM
36. AFRICAN UNION
About It is successor to the Organization of African Unity.

Established 2002
Head Quarters Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Summit No regularity in summits
Objectives • To rid the continent of the remaining vestiges of colonization and
apartheid;
• To promote unity and solidarity among African States;
• To safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Member States
Members 55 countries of the continent of Africa.
In News • Members have signed the African Continental Free Trade Agreement
(AfCFTA) for goods and services at the 12th AU Summit.
• It would be world’s largest FTA.

37. TRANS PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP
About • Most ambitious free trade agreement that

aims at slashing tariffs on most goods
traded between these countries.
• Not entered into force due to withdrawal
of USA.
• Features:
o Comprehensive Market Access
o Regional approach to Commitments
o Addressing new trade challenges
o Inclusive trade
o Platform for regional integration
Established 2016
Head Quarters Signed at Auckland, New Zealand
Objectives aimed at further expanding the flow of goods, services and capital across
borders.
Members 12 countries; US, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia,
New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru.
In News RCEP is considered as an alternative to TPP. Thus, with RCEP being in news,
TPP also gains importance.
38. COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT

FOR TRANS PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP
About • Evolved from TPP

• Incorporates most of the TPP provisions
• It says that its provisions enter into effect 60 days after ratification by
at least 50% of signatories.
Established December 2018
Head Quarters Agreement was signed at SANTAGIO, CHILE
Objectives • mandates the duty-free entry of commercial samples having almost
negligible value and printed advertising material from the territory of a
signatory party.
• eliminates tariffs and reduces barriers for 98% of exports to CPTPP
member countries.
• It establishes clear rules that help create a consistent, transparent and
fair environment to do business in CPTPP markets
Members Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand,
Peru, Singapore and Vietnam.
How to TPP countries minus USA
Remember
In News In 2021, the United Kingdom (UK) formally requested accession to the
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
(CPTPP).
****

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RRP 2021 – INTERNATIONAL GROUPINGS

I. Groupings and Mnemonics 01 − 02

I. Groupings and Mnemonics

Grouping Mnemonic and Member Countries

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II. Details about Important International Groupings

About: Association of independent sovereign states,

2. EUROPEAN UNION (EU)

About EU is a political and economic union

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Head Quarters Brussels, Belgium

3. EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (EAEU)

About International economic union of

Established into force in 2015 through Treaty on Eurasian Economic Union

4. ASIA-EUROPE MEETING SUMMIT (ASEM)

About ASEM is an intergovernmental process established to foster dialogue and

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5. EAST ASIA SUMMIT

About • It is an ASEAN led initiative.

6. ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION

About • It is regional economic forum of 21

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7. ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)

About • It is a political and economic

About • It is a proposed sub-regional motor vehicle

Established Framework was signed inn 2015

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About • BCIM is a sub-regional

10. BAY OF BENGAL INITIATIVE FOR MULTI-SECTORAL TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC

About • This sub-regional organization

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About • It comprises 42% of the world's population, has

12. GROUP OF FOUR (G-4)

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13. GROUP OF SEVEN (G-7)

About • Forum of the seven countries

14. GROUP OF TWENTY (G-20)

About • Informal group formed on the

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Forum for economic, financial

15. GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC)

About • GCC is a political and economic

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16. FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE (FATF)

About • FATF is an international group responsible for combating money

17. FATF ASIA PACIFIC GROUP (APG)

About Established IBSA is a tripartite group which supports promotion of

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Summit No regularity in holding summits.

19. INDIA-AFRICA FORUM

20. INDIAN OCEAN RIM ASSOCIATION (IORA)

About • Inter-governmental organization

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Established on 7 March 1997

21. ISLAMIC MILITARY ALLIANCE

About • Intergovernmental counter-terrorist

Established Created by Saudi Arabia in 2015

22. MEKONG-GANGA COOPERATION