Related verbs (is, have)

What are relating verbs?

Relating verbs are words like be, have, seem, appear:

Mr. Lee is a teacher.

relating verb

Note that they are typically used in the present simple or past simple:

My name is Mr. Lee.

relating verb

I have a long hair.

relating verb

Kitty seemed quite tired.

relating verb

Relating verbs help us to identify or describe some characteristic of a person or thing:

My name is Mr. Lee. [identifying]

Godzilla is very ugly. [describing]

When a relating verb is identifying, it equates one thing with another (typically represented by noun
groups):

My name is Mr. Lee.

noun group noun group

When a relating verb is describing, it can do one of three things: it can refer to a class or category
(typically represented by a noun or noun group):

Mr. Lee is one of my teachers.

noun group

It can provide information about some quality (typically represented by an adjective or adjective group):

Susan is very clever.

adjective group

It can provide information about the Circumstance (normally represented by a prepositional phrase):

The lion was outside the cage.

prepositional phrase

A useful way to determine whether a relating verb is identifying or describing is to check whether the two
sides of the clause can be reversed. If they can, the verb is identifying; if not, then the verb is describing:

My name is Lucas. / Lucas is my name. [identifying]

Godzilla was very ugly. / Very ugly was Godzilla. [describing]

Relating verbs which describe change

Some relating verbs help us to describe change (become, get, turn, grow). Note that 'change' verbs are
typically used in the present continuous and present perfect:

I am getting tired. [present continuous]

It has turned much colder. [present perfect]

When dealing with language in the classroom, it is useful to be able to identify relating verbs.

Relating verbs are commonly used in descriptions, both general and particular. Here are some examples
from the Chinese Zodiac; the relating verbs are highlighted:

The Ox (1985, 1997, 2009)

People who are born under the sign of the Ox are patient and determined. they always
appear relaxed and happy about life in general.

The Monkey (1980, 1992, 2004)

People who are born under the sign of the Monkey are very smart. They seem to have lots of
wonderful ideas, but they can be full of mischief too!

Numbers
Cardinal Numbers

Cardinal numbers are normally used when you:

● count things: I have two brothers. There are thirty-one days in January.
● give your age: I am thirty-three years old. My sister is twenty-seven years old.
● give your telephone number: Our phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven. (481-2240)
● give years: She was born in nineteen seventy-five (1975). America was discovered in fourteen ninety-two

Notice how we divide the year into two parts. This is the form for year up to 1999. For the year 2000 and on, we
say two thousand (2000), two thousand and one (2001), two thousand and two (2002) etc.

Ordinal Numbers

You can normally create Ordinal numbers by adding -TH to the end of a Cardinal Number.

Ordinal numbers are normally used when you:

● give a date: My birthday is on the 27th of January. (Twenty-seventh of January)

● put things in a sequence or order: Liverpool came second in the football league last year.
● give the floor of a building: His office is on the tenth floor.
● have birthdays: He had a huge party for his twenty-first birthday.
● refer to centuries: Shakespeare was born in the 16th century.
For the name of a king or queen in written English, Roman numerals are used = Henry VIII
but in Spoken English you would say Henry the Eighth.

Here is a list of cardinal and ordinal numbers in English

● 1 - one
● 2 - two ● 1st - first
● 3 - three ● 2nd - second
● 4 - four ● 3rd - third
● 5 - five ● 4th - fourth
● 6 - six ● 5th - fifth
● 7 - seven ● 6th - sixth
● 8 - eight ● 7th - seventh
● 9 - nine ● 8th - eighth
● 10 - ten ● 9th - ninth
● 11 - eleven ● 10th - tenth
● 12 - twelve ● 11th - eleventh
● 13 - thirteen ● 12th - twelfth
● 14 - fourteen ● 13th - thirteenth
● 15 - fifteen ● 14th - fourteenth
● 16 - sixteen ● 15th - fifteenth
● 17 - seventeen ● 16th - sixteenth
● 18 - eighteen ● 17th - seventeenth
● 19 - nineteen ● 18th - eighteenth
● 20 - twenty ● 19th - nineteenth
● 21 - twenty-one ● 20th - twentieth
● 22 - twenty-two ● 21st - twenty-first
● 23 - twenty-three ● 22nd - twenty-second
● 30 - thirty ● 23rd - twenty-third
● 40 - forty ● 30th - thirtieth
● 50 - fifty ● 40th - fortieth
● 60 - sixty ● 50th - fiftieth
● 70 - seventy ● 60th - sixtieth
● 80 - eighty ● 70th - seventieth
● 90 - ninety ● 80th - eightieth
● 100 - one hundred* ● 90th - ninetieth
● 101 - one hundred and one ● 100th - hundredth
● 200 - two hundred ● 101st - hundred and first
● 300 - three hundred ● 200th - two hundredth
● 1000 - one thousand ● 300th - three hundredth
● 1,000,000 - one million ● 1,000th - thousandth
● 10,000,000 - ten million ● 1,000,000th - ten millionth

* Instead of saying One Hundred, you can say A We normally say 'zero' for the number '0'.
hundred. BUT when we give our telephone number, we often
Notice that you need to use a hyphen (-) when you say O like the name of the letter O.
write the numbers between 21 and 99. e.g. 505-1023 = five-O-five, one-O-two-three
 Sports

Soccer – Futebol
Volleyball – Vôlei
Basketball – Basquete
Football – Futebol americano
Swimming – Natação
Tennis – Tênis
Gymnastics – Ginástica
Sailing – Vela
Judo – Judô
Karate – Karatê
Kung fu – Kung fu
Yoga – Yoga
Rugby – Rugby
Baseball – Beisebol
Cycling – Ciclismo
Windsurfing – Windsurf
Surfing – Surfe
Ballet – Balé
Hockey – Hóquei
Horseback Riding – Equitação
Golf – Golfe
Boxing – Boxe

Play
O verbo to play é usado para falar sobre esportes ou competições que usam objetos, como ball (bola),
cards (cartas) ou similares, e esportes competitivos no qual jogamos contra outra pessoa. Dizemos,
então:
To play soccer – Jogar futebol
To play volleyball – Jogar vôlei
To play basketball – Jogar basquete
To play football – Jogar futebol
To play tennis – Jogar tênis
To play rugby – Jogar rugby
To play hockey – Jogar hóquei
To play baseball – Jogar beisebol
To play poker – Jogar pôquer

Do
O verbo to do é usado para falar sobre atividades recreativas, ou seja, que não envolvem times ou
competições em grupo. Também usamos to do para falar sobre esportes que, além das características
acima, não utilizam bola em sua prática.
To do gymnastics – Fazer ginástica
To do judo – Fazer judô
To do karate – Fazer karatê
To do kung fu – Fazer kung fu
To do yoga – Fazer yoga
To do ballet – Fazer balé

Go
Já o verbo to go é usado para falar sobre atividades esportivas que possuem terminação –ing em seu
nome.
To go sailing – Praticar vela
To go cycling – Praticar ciclismo
To go riding – Praticar equitação
To go windsurfing – Praticar windsurf
To go surfing – Surfar
To go swimming – Nadar/ Praticar natação
</ hr>

Toda regra traz uma exceção, certo? Aqui não é diferente. Observe os casos abaixo:
She loves to do boxing. (Ela adora fazer boxe.) – Apesar de boxing terminar em –ing, utilizamos o verbo
to do.
He will go golfing next Sunday. (Ele vai jogar golfe no próximo domingo.) – Golfe é um esporte que
necessita de objetos como a bola e o taco, mas, diferente dos outros esportes que utilizam objetos, este
é acompanhado pelo verbo to go e, por usar esse verbo, passa a carregar o –ing.
 Foods

Types of Food
Drinks soda coffee water tea wine beer juice

Dairy milk cheese butter cream yogurt quark

(laticínios)

Dessert cake cookies chocolate ice-cream brownies pie creams

Fruit apple orange banana grapes pineapple kiwi lemon

Grains / wheat rye cereal toast bread potato

Starches (i) (trigo) (centeio)
(amidos)

Meat / Fish beef chicken pork salmon trout (truta) lamb buffalo
(cordeir
o)

Vegetables beans lettuce carrots broccoli cauliflower peas eggplant

(alface) (couve-flor) (ervilha (beringel
s) a)

Adjectives used to Describe Food

​ acidic - ácido
​ bland - brando
​ creamy - cremoso
​ fatty - gorduroso
​ fruity - frutado
​ healthy - saudável
​ oily - oleoso
​ raw - cru
 ​ salty - salgado
​ sour - azedo
​ spicy - apimentado
​ sweet - doce
​ tender - macio
​

Cooking Food
Vocabulary for the Supermarket

Preparing Cooking Utensils

Food Food

chop bake blender

peel fry frying pan

mix steam colander

slice boil kettle

measure simmer pot

Containers for Food

bag sugar flour

box cereal crackers

carton eggs milk

can soup beans

jar jam mustard

package hamburgers noodles

piece toast fish

bottle wine beer

bar soap chocolate

Clothes

● belt - cinto

● bikini - biquini

● blouse - blusa

● boots - botas

● cap - boné

● coat - casaco

● dress - vestido

● gloves - luvas

● hat - chapéu

● hoodie - casaco de capuz

● jacket - jaqueta

● jeans - calça jeans

● overalls (American English) = dungarees (British English) - macacão

● pajamas (American English) = pyjamas (British English) - pijama

● panties (American English) = knickers (British English) - calcinhas

● pants (American English) = trousers (British English) - calças

● raincoat - capa de chuva

● scarf - cachecol / lenço

● shirt - camisa

● shoes - sapatos

● shorts - shorts
 ● skirt - saia

● socks - meias

● suit - terno

● sweater (American English) = jumper (British English) - suéter

● sweatpants - moletom

● sweatshirt

● swimming trunks - calção de banho

● swimsuit - roupa de banho

● tie - gravata

● t-shirt - camiseta

● underpants - cuecas

● uniform - uniforme

● vest (American English) = waistcoat (British English) - colete

Dates

How to write the date in English

There are many different ways to write the date in both British and American English, and most are
correct. Here are a few of the most common ways to write the date:

American English

​ February 1, 2023
​ Feb. 1, 2023
​ 2/1/23 or 2-1-23
​ Wednesday, February 1, 2023
​ February 1st
​ 1st of February
​
​ Notice how, when writing the date in numbers in American English, the month comes before the
day.
​

British English
 ​ 1 Feb.
​ 1 February 2023
​ 1/2/23 or 1-2-23
​ Wednesday, 1 February 2023
​ 1st February 2023
​ 1st of February, 2023

How to write the year

Years should be expressed as numerals except at the beginning of a sentence. Most style guides agree
that beginning a sentence with a numeral is poor style, so years placed at the beginning of a sentence
should be written out as words.

American writers tend not to use and after thousand when expressing a year after 2000 in words, but it is
common in British English. Both are correct.

The year 1929 brought the Great Depression, the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, and an influenza
epidemic.

Nineteen twenty-nine brought the Great Depression, the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, and an influenza
epidemic.

Much happened in the political arena in 2016.

Two thousand and sixteen was an eventful year in politics.

Two thousand sixteen was an eventful year in politics.

How to write the month and day

When referring to a specific date in the month-day date format, use cardinal numbers (one, two, three)
rather than ordinal numbers (first, second, third). This may feel counterintuitive because we normally use
ordinal numbers when we “speak” of dates. For example, one would say January first two thousand
seventeen but write January 1, 2017. In British English, ordinals can sometimes be used—it is
acceptable to use them when writing dates, although it is not required, as our example shows.

Daniel was born on May 13.

Many people get confused about how to write dates with commas, so here is a rule of thumb: in the
month-day-year format (used in the United States), place commas after the day and year. In the
day-month-year format (used in the UK and other countries), do not use commas at all.

On May 13th, 2007 Daniel was born.

On May 13, 2007, Daniel was born.

On 13 May, 2007, Daniel was born.

On 13 May 2007 Daniel was born.

If you use a construction using of, it is fine to use an ordinal number. It is also fine to use an ordinal
number when referring to a specific day without reference to the month.

Daniel was born on the 13th of May.

Daniel was born on the thirteenth.

How to write dates with days of the week

When writing a long-form date, use a comma after days of the week to ensure readability.

How fortunate that the world did not end on Friday, December 21, 2012!

Monday, May 5, is my last day of work.

How to write Centuries

Here’s a tip: When writing about whole centuries, do not use an apostrophe before s. Centuries are
plurals, not possessives.

For example, when we write the 1800s, we are referring to all the years from 1800 to 1899. Within that
range are one hundred discrete years; that is, more than one: a plural. We can also refer to those years
collectively as the nineteenth century in all lowercase letters.

Women often wore bonnets in the 1800’s.

Women often wore bonnets in the 1800s.

Women often wore bonnets in the eighteen hundreds.

Women often wore bonnets in the Nineteenth Century.

Women often wore bonnets in the nineteenth century.

How to write decades

Here’s a tip: Decades should be written as two-digit numbers with an apostrophe before them and an s
after them (e.g., ’90s). When in doubt, write it out. You can write the entire decade in numerals with an s
after it (e.g., 1990s), or write out the words (e.g., the nineties).

This is the way to think about writing decades using numbers: they are both abbreviations and plurals. A
shorter way of saying “My mother was born in the 1940s” is “My mother was born in the ’40s.” The
apostrophe (not an opening single quotation mark) indicates where the two century digits would be, had
they been included. There is no need to put an apostrophe between the zero and the s—that would
incorrectly indicate a possessive.

In the 80’s, I had a haircut like the lead singer of A Flock of Seagulls.

In the ’80s, I had a haircut like the lead singer of A Flock of Seagulls.

In the eighties, I had a haircut like the lead singer of A Flock of Seagulls.

Atividades

UniRV - GO - 2023 Assinale a alternativa em que a escrita por extenso não esteja de acordo com o
numeral:

a. 832 – eight hundred thirty-two

b. 100th – one hundredth
c. 1568 – one thousand, five hundred sixty-eighth
d. 93rd – ninety-third

NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa The numbers "116” and
"35", are, in compliance with Bristish usage, written respectively as:

a. one hundred and sixteen; thirty - five.

b. a hundred sixteen; thrity five.
c. one hundred and sixtyeen; thirty five.
d. a hundred sixty; third - five.
e. one - hundred sixteen; thirty – five.

CETREDE - 2023 - Prefeitura de Guaiúba - CE - Professor Peb II - Língua Inglesa Choose the
CORRECT answer. “What is the correct spelling of the number 5th, 15th, 50th respectively?”

a. Five, Fifteen and Fifty.

b. Fiveth, Fifteenth and Fiftyth.
c. Fiveth, Fifteen and Fifty.
d. Fifth, Fiveteenth and Fiftieth.
 e. Fifth, Fifteenth and Fiftieth.

Mark the option that contains only vegetables.

a. onion, corn, grapes, garlic

b. carrot, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce
c. eggplant, fish, lamb, carrot
d. onion, papaya, beans, strawberry

All the options contain only sports we use with the verb “to go”, but one is INCORRECT.

a. swimming, dancing, boxing

b. surfing, running, sailing
c. jogging, riding, cycling
d. swimming, riding, surfing