4112

2416 2

Unit 4 – Exponentials and Logarithmic Functions

Section 1 – Understanding logarithmic functions, evaluating functions, and re-writing exponential functions
as logarithmic functions and vice versa.
y = ln x
y = log a x ===> a y = x y = ln e x y = log x ===> y=log 10 x ===> 10 y = x
ey = x

e 2.7 expression involving a logarithm.

1) Change the exponential expression to an equivalent
a. 5 = 125 d. 10 = b e. a = 1
3 3 0
−2 1 c. e2 = y
b. 3 =
9 010gal
1095531095125
1 2 3 1095
ing
3 1095125 7 13

2) Change each logarithmic expression to an equivalent expression involving an exponent.

a. log5 25 = 2 b. log1 = 0 c. log100 = 2 d. ln4 = y e. lne10 = y
logen y
1 91100
1
549525 52 10 102
1100 4e
2552

Properties of Logarithmic Functions: Properties of Natural Log Functions:

1. 1.
2.
2. 3.
3. 4.
5.
4.
5.

3) Evaluate the following:

1
a. log 2 32 b. log 3 34 c. log 4 2 d. log
100
5 4
2

⎛ 1⎞
e. lne12 f. ln ⎜ 5 ⎟
⎝e ⎠
2
g. e ln( x +2) ( )
f. log 3 x 2 − 6 = log 3 x

12 2
g

34
Section 2 – Operations with logs and change of base to evaluate:

1. Examples – rewrite the following expressions using change of base to evaluate the expression

1 Change of base to evaluate Logarithmic Functions

a. log 4 8 b. log 64
16

or.

2. Write each logarithm in terms of ln2 and ln3 .

Properties of Log and Natural Log Functions
2
a. ln6 b. ln
27 1. Product Property:
1h123
In2 113 2. Quotient Property:
1h21h33
1h231h3 3. Power Property:
4. Extra:

3. Write each logarithm in terms of log3 and log5

9
a. log75 b. log c. log30
125
109352
1093 10952
109
109321095 1093210953
2109331095
4. Expand:
3x −5 4x 2
a. log 4 5x 3 y b. ln c. log 3
7x y
logus31094 10
guy Inx̅5 1nA 2
In 3 5 nz.mx 10934 109359
2
in3 5 int inx 10934 1093 12109,19
10934 21093 41093141
5. Condense:
1
(
a. log x + 3log x +1
2
) (
b. 2ln x + 2 − ln x) c. .
1⎡
(
log x + log 2 x − 4 ⎤⎦
3⎣ 2
)
109 1 13 in
THEN
1092 74

Section 3 – Solving Exponential Functions

a. 2x = 32 b. 4 x = 8 c. e x = 7
10948

( )
d. 3 2x = 42 e. 4e2x − 3 = 2 ( )
f. 2 32x−5 − 4 = 11

12
12
X1n

Solving Logarithmic Equations

a. log 4 x − log 4 8 = 0 ( )
b. log 3 x 2 −5x + 7 = log 3 1 () c. 5+ 2ln x = 4

10948 0 Inx
E
40
I easier

addition
becomes
multiplication
d. 2log 5 3x = 4 ( ) (
e. ln x − 2 + ln 2x − 3 = 2ln x ) f. ln3x = 2
I