Physiology of Wound Healing

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FISIOLOGI

PENYEMBUHAN LUKA

Ns. Heri Kristianto, MKep,.Sp.Kep.MB


PENDAHULUAN
Complex process of tissue closure

Closure method

Stages of wound healing

Regeneration & Repair


GENERAL TECHNIQUES
• Primary intention
• Secondary intention
• Tertiary intention
Karakteristik Primer Sekunder Tertiary

Tepi luka Dapat Tidak dapat Awalnya tidak


diperkirakan diperkirakan dapat
diperkirakan
Infeksi - + +

Granulasi kecil besar besar

Scar + +++ ++

Waktu Cepat Sangat lambat Lambat


penyembuhan
Contoh Surgical Leg ulcer Separated
incision incision
STAGES OF WOUND
HEALING
1
COAGULATION (0-3)
Dermal Injury

Blood vessel disruption

Extravasation of blood
constituents

Platelet aggregation

Blood coagulation

Clot formation

Secretion of cytokines

Leukocyte recruitment
2 INFLAMMATORY (3-5)
Histamine released from mast cells in the dermis
vasodilatation

Redness, warmth, edema


Neutrophils: kill bacteria & removal of death tissue,
secrete PDGF & IGF-1, MMP8
Macrophages: secrete collagenase, phagocytic
action, autolytically debrides, secrete TGF β, PDGF,
TGF-α, IL-1, HB-EGF, TNF α, IL1, bFGF, inflamatory
mediators
• Bakteri dan pathogen lain masuk
ke dalam luka
• Platelet memenuhi permukaan
luka
• Mast cell sekresi factor vasodilatasi
dan kontriksi vaskuler. Darah,
plasma dan sel memenuhi area
injuri
• Neutropfil dan makrofag
menghancurkan pathogen
melalui proses fagositosis
• Makrofrag sekresi hormone
citokines yang inisiasi sel imun
untuk diaktifkan pada jaringan
luka
• Respon inflamasi berlanjut sd.
benda asing tereliminasi dan luka
menjadi sembuh
3 PROLIFERATIVE (7-10)
• Revascularization, deposition new tissue,
wound closure
• FGF, TNF β, EGF
• Angiogenesis: IGF, PDGF, bFGF
• Granulation
• Epithelialization: IL 1, KAF, VEGF, TGF β, TGF α,
MMPs, enzymes
Buat animasi
4
REMODELING STAGES (2 WEEKS-YEARS)

• Old collagen destroyed


(cross linking)
• TGF β, PDGF, FGF, TIMPs.
• Scars:pink to white
• Keloid scar: TGF β
• Hipertrophic scar
KONDISI YANG MENDUKUNG
PENYEMBUHAN LUKA
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
• Oxygenation • Bacterial contamination(-)
• Nutrition/hydration • Mechanical forces (-)
• Bacterial control • Smoking(-)
• Immune system • Cytotoxic chemicals(-)
• Moisture control
• Necrotic tissue(-)
• Edema(-)
Chronic Wound Healing
in diabetic Foot

Hasil Penelitian (Kristianto, 2008-2010):


1. TGF beta1 menurun
2. IGF -1 menurun
3. Kortisol meningkat
(sumber: Jurnal Makara UI 2011; JKI 2010)
Igf-1
IL-1β (Slominski, 2005)

• Dermal
CYP11B1

SKIN
Steroid 11 –hydroxylase Fibroblast
CYP11A1 • Epidermal
melanosit
ACTH • Keratinosit
POMC

Kortisol GR

(Vukelic et al., 2011)

(Zmijewski & Slominski, 2011)


SUMMARY
IMPLIKASI PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA?

1. Wound bed preparation/ persiapan dasar luka:


• Debridemen
• Manajemen bakteri
• Manajemen eksudat
• Manajemen tepi luka

2. Dressings: sesuaikan dengan kondisi dasar luka


• Konvensional
• Modern

3. Teknologi Lanjutan
• Teknologi pengembangan jaringan
• Modalitas elektrik
• Hiperbarik terapi
Wound practitioner

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