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ILP - GEOSCIENCE 2022. Book of Abstracts

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Book of Abstracts

2022

Editors:
Florina Chitea, Ioan Munteanu,
Liviu Matenco, Raluca Dinescu, Irina Stanciu
ISBN e-book.pdf – 978-606-537-578-9
Copyright Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Târgoviște, 2022
email: editura@cetateadescaun.ro, www.cetateadescaun.ro
https://www.facebook.com/EdituraCetateadeScaun
https://www.instagram.com/edituracetateadescaun/
 CONTENT

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................ 13

Session 1: The geodynamic and (seismo-)tectonic evolution of orogens, sedimentary basins,

and the underlying lithosphere ............................................................................................... 15

TRANSFORM AND PASSIVE MARGIN SUBSIDENCE HISTORY AND STRATIGRAPHY:

INFERENCES FROM THERMO-MECHANICAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC MODELS. Attila Balázs,
Taras Gerya, Didier Granjeon, Dave May, Gábor Tari ................................................................................. 16

THE OROGENY-RELATED TIME-DEPENDENT THERMAL TRIGGER FOR RIFTING AND BREAK-

UP OF CONTINENTS. Yuriy Petrovich Maystrenko, Trond Slagstad ....................................................... 17

INITIATION OF RIFT SEGMENTATION: INSIGHTS ON THE ROLE OF INHERITED

COMPOSITIONAL AND THERMAL HETEROGENEITIES. Magdala Tesauro, Carla Braitenberg,
Florence Colleoni, Laura De Santis, Martina Busetti ................................................................................... 18

KINEMATIC MODELS AND LATERAL TRANSFER OF DEFORMATION IN THE INVERTED BROAD

FOURTEENS BASIN. Nistor Valentin ........................................................................................................... 19

THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE DEEP AND SHALLOW STRUCTURES OF THE ZAGROS
COLLISIONAL ZONE. Magdala Tesauro, Alberto Pastorutti, Tommaso Pivetta, Ivan Koulakov, Carla
Braitenberg ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

CARBONATE PLATFORMS AS A TOOL FOR QUANTIFICATION OF TECTONIC FLEXURE AND

ACCOMMODATION VS SEDIMENTATION RATIOS IN A VARISCAN FORELAND BASIN (NW
SPAIN). Oscar Merino-Tomé, Juan Ramón Bahamonde, Luis Pedro Fernández, Federico Del Pozo, Elias
Samankassou, Giovanna Della Porta, Valentin Chesnel, Juan Luis Alonso, Jaume Vergés, Mar Moragas,
Elisa Villa, Arsenio Muñoz, Iván Díaz García, Jaime Martín Llaneza ........................................................ 21

SUBSIDENCE ANALYSIS OF THE CANTABRIAN ZONE VARISCAN FORELAND BASIN

(CARBONIFEROUS, NW SPAIN). J. Federico Del Pozo, Óscar Merino-Tomé, Mar Moragas, Jaume
Vergés, Luis Pedro Fernández, Juan Ramón Bahamonde, Juan Luis Alonso, Arsenio Muñoz, Urs
Schaltegger, Dylan P. Colon, Jaime Martín-Llaneza, Elisa Villa, Iván Díaz-García ................................. 22

LARGE-SCALE EFFECTS OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS - PALEOGENE INVERSION TECTONICS

WITHIN THE OFFSHORE PART OF THE POLISH BASIN AND ALONG THE SW EDGE OF THE
EAST EUROPEAN CRATON. Piotr Krzywiec, Aleksandra Stachowska, Quang Nguyen, Łukasz Słonka,
Michał Malinowski, Niklas Ahlrichs, Christian Hübscher ...........................................................................23

VOLCANISM AND BASIN DEVELOPMENTS DURING MIOCENE IN THE ZĂRAND BASIN,

APUSENI MTS., ROMANIA. Seghedi Ioan, Mirea Viorel ........................................................................... 24

ABIOGENIC CH4 PRODUCTION IN THE MEHADIA NEOGENE BASIN: ONGOING

SERPENTINIZATION EXPERIENCED BY A CONCEALED EXTENSION OF THE TISOVIŢA-IUŢI
OPHIOLITE BODY? Horia Mitrofan, Constantin Marin, Florina Chitea, Nicoleta Cadicheanu, Ioan
Povară, Alin Tudorache, Daniela Elena Ioniţă, Mirela-Adriana Anghelache ............................................ 25

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY STRUCTURE OF THE TRANSITION FROM THE EAST EUROPEAN

CRATON TO PALAEOZOIC PLATFORM DERIVED FROM 3-D INVERSION OF
MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA. Stanisław Mazur, Waldemar Jóźwiak, K.Nowożyński ............................ 26

5
SUBSURFACE STRUCTURES AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE LAYOUNE-BOUJDOUR-
DAKHLA BASIN (SOUTH MOROCCO): NEW INSIGHT FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION
AEROMAGNETIC DATA. Oualid El Amraoui, Mustapha Boujamaoui, Abdellah Nait Bba, Ibtissam
Rezouki, Sahbi Hassane ................................................................................................................................. 27

DELINEATING SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE OF THE BAHIRA BASIN (MOROCCO): NEW INSIGHT

FROM GRAVITY DATA. Meriem Lghoul ..................................................................................................... 28

A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE GEOPHYSICAL MODEL OF EAST VARDAR OPHIOLITES: SERBIA,

NORTH MACEDONIA AND GREECE. Dragana Đurić ............................................................................. 29

THE USE OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES (SPECTRAL DECOMPOSITION AND RMS AMPLITUDE) – AN

ESSENTIAL TOOL IN UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS. Niță
Călin Constantin, Mariș Izabela, Munteanu Ioan………………………………………………………………………………….30

MODERN SEISMOLOGICAL METHODS TO ASSESS THE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE IN INTRA-

CARPATHIAN AREA IN THE FRAME OF ADRIAARRAY PROJECT. Andrei Bălă, Dragoș Tătaru,
Dragoș Toma-Dănilă ....................................................................................................................................... 31

SEISMICITY PATTERNS IN THE VRANCEA NEST AND POSSIBLE TRIGGERING MECHANISMS.

Radulian Mircea, Kovács István János ...........................................................................................................32

DOES VRANCEA LINE GO WEST? Bogdan M. Popescu ............................................................................33

ON THE SEISMIC WAVE ATTENUATION AT THE BEND OF THE SOUTHEASTERN

CARPATHIANS. Luminita Angela Ardeleanu, Cristian Neagoe, Anica Otilia Placinta, Alina Coman .. 34

MAPPING THE MOST SEISMIC PRONE AREAS IN BANAT REGION. Vanciu Rău Adina, Toma-
Dănilă Dragoș, Popa Mihaela, Lungu Mihail ................................................................................................35

SEISMICITY AND STRESS FIELD OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF ROMANIA (MOLDAVIA).

Mihail Diaconescu, Angela Petruta Constantin, Eduard Gabriel Constantinescu ................................... 36

THE DATABASE FOR THE CATALOG OF ROMANIAN EARTHQUAKES. Raluca Dinescu, Mihaela
Popa, Andreea Chircea, Daniela Ghica, Bogdan Grecu, Cristian Neagoe ...................................................37

MACROSEISMOLOGY IN ROMANIA: PAST AND PRESENT PRACTICE. Angela Petruta Constantin,

Mihail Diaconescu, Liviu Manea ................................................................................................................... 38

ANALYSIS OF STATION CORRECTIONS FOR EARTHQUAKES IN ROMANIA USING JHD (JOINT

HYPOCENTER DETERMINATION) TECHNIQUE. Mihai Marius, Radulian Mircea, Popa Mihaela ... 39

AN IMPROVED 1-D SEISMIC VELOCITY MODEL FOR THE ACTIVE TECTONIC DEFORMATION
AREA OF THE SOUTH-WESTERN CARPATHIANS. Raluca Dinescu, Felix Borleanu, Mihaela Popa,
Marian Ivan, Ioan Munteanu......................................................................................................................... 40

A STUDY OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION OF THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY USING 20 YEARS OF

CONTINUOUS GNSS (cGNSS) OBSERVATIONS. Alexandra Muntean, Boudewijn Ambrosius, Victor
Mocanu, Eduard Nastase ................................................................................................................................ 41

DETECTION OF ANOMALOUS GEOMAGNETIC PRECURSOR SIGNALS USING POLARIZATION

AND DIURNAL VARIATION PROCESSING METHODS. Iren-Adelina Moldovan, Andrei Mihai,
Victorin Toader, Cristian Ghita, Liviu Manea .............................................................................................. 42

6
RELATIONSHIP AMONG SEISMIC ENERGY RELEASE AND THE ANOMALOUS GEOMAGNETIC
FIELD VARIATIONS RECORDED AT MUNTELE ROSU (VRANCEA ZONE). Andrei Mihai, Victorin
Emilian Toader, Iren-Adelina Moldovan ....................................................................................................... 43

MONITORING DEEP-ORIGIN FLUIDS IN THE CARPATHIAN BEND INTERIOR: INTRODUCTION

TO AN UNFOLDING RESEARCH. Alexandru Szakács, Csaba Szabó, István János Kovács .................. 44

POSTVOLCANIC PROCESSES SUGGESTED BY THE MINOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENT

OF COLD FRESHWATER BODIES LOCATED WITHIN THE CIOMADUL QUATERNARY
VOLCANO. Constantin Marin, Florina Chitea, Maria-Lidia Nuţu-Dragomir, Lucica Niculae,
Alin Tudorache, Horia Mitrofan .................................................................................................................... 45

DEEP CO2 GAS EMANATION LINKED TO LITHOSPHERIC SCALE DEFORMATIONS IN THE

SOUTHEASTERN CARPATHIANS. Thomas Pieter Lange, László Palcsu, Alexandru Szakács, Ákos
Kővágó, OrsolyaGelencsér, Ágnes Gál, Sándor Gyila, Tivadar M. Tóth, Liviu Mațenco, Csaba Krézsek
László Lenkey, Csaba Szabó, István János Kovács....................................................................................... 46

THE IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING AND SAMPLING RADON AND CO 2 SOIL-GAS FOR THE
INSTALLATION OF AN INTEGRATED GEODYNAMIC STATION. Ákos Kővágó, Thomas Pieter
Lange, Orsolya Gelencsér, Alexandru Szakács, Ágnes Gál, Sándor Gyila, László Palcsu, Csaba Szabó,
István János Kovács ........................................................................................................................................ 47

RESULTS FROM THE FIRST INTEGRATED GEODYNAMIC STATION IN CENTRAL EUROPE.

István János Kovács, Csaba Szabó, Alexandru Szakács, Thomas Pieter Lange, Ákos Kővágó, Orsolya
Gelencsér, Ágnes Gál, Márta Berkesi, Nóra Liptai, Levente Pakó, László Palcsu ..................................... 48

Session 2: Application of near-surface geophysics for environmental risks and geohazards ..49

GEOPHYSICAL SOLUTIONS FOR MUNICIPAL LANDFILLS MANAGEMENT. Florina Chitea, Ilias

Fikos, Lucian Pavel ......................................................................................................................................... 50

GPR (GROUND PENETRATING RADAR) SURVEY AT TANIR-YASSIHÖYÜK; SOUTHEAST,

TURKİYE. Fırat Yiğit, Serkan Özçelik, Elif Baştürk...................................................................................... 51

NEAR-SURFACE GEOPHYSICS FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION SITE ASSESSMENT – CASE STUDIES.

Florina Chitea, Victor-Cristian Sandu, Nicolae Cruceru, Stefan Brasov, Vlad George Cruceru .............. 52

COMPARING LANDSLIDE OCCURRENCE PREDICTION (GIS PRODUCT) WITH RESULTS OF

GROUND INSPECTION AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS – EXAMPLES FROM
DAMBOVITA COUNTY. Florina Chitea, Stefan Brasov, Ioan Andrei Voda-Marc, Nicolae Cruceru,
Lucica Niculae, Lidia- Maria Nutu Dragomir, Mihail Diaconescu, Mihaela-Violeta Gheorghe, Victor-
Cristian Sandu..................................................................................................................................................53

USING MULTIDISCIPLINARY GEOPHYSICAL METHODS AS A COMPLEMENT TO THE TOPO-

GEODETIC MONITORING OF HYDROPOWER DAMS. . Alexandra Georgiana Gerea, Andrei Emilian
Mihai ................................................................................................................................................................ 54

THE USE OF COMPLEMENTARY GEOPHYSICAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF URBAN

TREE ROOTS. Andrei Emilian Mihai, Alexandra Georgiana Gerea ........................................................... 55

COMPLEX GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GHIAURCHIOI HISTORICAL SETTLEMENT

(VADU, CONSTANTA). Radu George Dimitriu, Marius-Bogdan Barbu, Sebastian Pop, Irina-Marilena
Stanciu ............................................................................................................................................................. 56

7
REȘCA-ROMULA ARCHEOLOGİCAL SİTE – RESULTS OF THE GEOPHYSİCAL AND
ARCHEOLOGİCAL RESEARCH CAMPAİGN 2021. Florina Chitea, Mircea Negru, Bogdan Barbu, Florin
Ciulavu, Mihaela Bleoancă, Sabin Popovici, Adrian Diaconu, Silviu Jureschi, Nicolae Cruceru, Ilinca
Artene .............................................................................................................................................................. 57

GEOMAGNETIC ANNUAL MEANS AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON PAST EVOLUTION OF

THE SOLAR ACTIVITY/SPACE CLIMATE. Crisan Demetrescu, Venera Dobrica, Cristiana Stefan ..... 58

THE GEOHAZARD INDUCED BY SPACE WEATHER EVENTS. CASE STUDY – ROMANIAN

TERRITORY. Venera Dobrica, Crisan Demetrescu, Cristiana Stefan, Anca Isac ..................................... 59

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES FROM TERRESTRIAL

CONTRIBUTION FOR EVALUATION ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS. Ileana Radulescu, Rasvan Stochici
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 60

Session 3: The multi-scale formation and evolution of sediments and sedimentary basins,
including karst ........................................................................................................................ 61

DIAGENESIS ASSESSMENT IN SILICLASTICS THROUGH JOINT THERMOBAROMETRIC

MODELING AND PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES. Arnaud Fournillon, Jonathan Allard, Matthieu
Dubille, Gaëlle Maury, Stéphane Rousse ...................................................................................................... 62

QUANTİTATİVE DİAGENESİS AND DYNAMİC POROSİTY/PERMEABİLİTY EVOLUTİON: NEW

PERSPECTİVES FOR PREDİCTİNG THE İMPACTS OF FLUİD-ROCK İNTERACTİONS İN
CARBONATE AND SİLİCO-CLASTİC RESERVOİRS. Nader Fadi Henri ................................................. 63

A BASIN-WIDE EVAPORITIC EVENT DURING THE LAST STAGES OF A VARISCAN MARINE

FORELAND BASIN CLOSURE. Iván Díaz-García, Óscar Merino-Tomé, Isabel Emma Quijada, Juan
Ramón Bahamonde, Luis Pedro Fernández, Elias Samankassou, Giovanna Della Porta, Federico Ortí,
Ángeles G. Borrego, Arsenio Muñoz, Jaime Martín-Llaneza, José Federico Del Pozo .............................. 64

LITHOFACIES AND PALEO-ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS WITHIN THE EOCENE TO OLIGOCENE

CARBONATES OF THE AL-AIN REGION, UAE. Mahmoud Abu Saima, Osman Abdelghany, Manal
Alzaabi, Amira Alnaqbi, Shamma Alzaabi, Aishah Alhindaassi, Mouza Alkaabi ..................................... 65

RE-INVESTIGATION OF THE LOWER PALEOGENE RUS FORMATION PALEOENVIRONMENT,

SOUTHEAST UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: NEW LITHOFACIES AND BIOFACIES DATA. Osman
Abdelghany, Mahmoud Abu Saima, Abdel-Rahman Fowler, Hasan Arman ............................................. 66

YPRESIAN/LUTETIAN CONTACT OF THE RUS AND DAMMAM FORMATIONS, UNITED ARAB

EMIRATES, CONFIRMED USING NUMMULITIDAE SPECIES. Osman Abdelghany, Mahmoud Abu
Saima, Abdel-Rahman Fowler, Safia Al Menoufy......................................................................................... 67

SEDIMENTARY AND PROVENANCE EVOLUTION OF THE ALLUVIAL FANS OF THE

NEOPROTEROZOIC KAREIM BASIN, CENTRAL EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT. Abdel-Rahman Fowler,
Ashraf Baghdady, Ahmed Gad, Karim Abdelmalik ...................................................................................... 68

LATE CRETACEOUS TO EOCENE GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION MODEL OF THE NORTHERN

ISTRIA BASIN, W BLACK SEA. Eliza Anton, Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu, Ioan Munteanu ................ 69

BLACK SEA - A PALIMSESTIC SEDIMENTARY BASIN. Gabriel Ion, Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu,

Adrian Popa, Florin Duțu, Constantin Lazăr, Vlad Apotrosoaei................................................................ 70

MID CRETACEOUS ANOXIC AND OXIC PALAEOSETTINGS IN THE EASTERN CARPATHIANS.

Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu, Relu-Dumitru Roban, Dragoş Mitrică, Vlad Apotrosoaei, Teodora Baboş
........................................................................................................................................................................... 71
8
Session 4: Coupling of multi-scale natural and human induced evolution of river-delta-sea
systems: geoscientific approaches for water-covered areas research ...................................... 73

DETRITAL ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY ON THE LOWER DANUBE: IMPLICATIONS FOR

SEDIMENTARY SOURCE. Iulian Pojar, Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu, Andrei Gabriel Dragoș, Relu
Dumitru Roban, Mihai Ducea, Tomas Capaldi, Cornel Olariu................................................................... 74

HOLOCENE FLUVIAL INFLUENCES VERSUS MARINE INFLUXES IN THE RAZELM-SINOE

LAGOONAL SYSTEM OF THE DANUBE DELTA. Andrei Briceag, Sabin Rotaru, Radu Dimitriu, Irina
Stanciu, Bogdan Barbu, Bogdan Ispas, Ion Stănescu................................................................................... 75

Session 5: Engineering geology, GNSS, InSAR, and remote-sensing for dynamics of landscape
and near-surface evolution ..................................................................................................... 77

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF AKAILI LANDSLIDE (JEBHA, NORTH OF MOROCCO). Houda

Merouani, Abdelilah Dekayir, Mohamed Rouai, Mohamed Benhaddou .................................................... 78

THE USE OF IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE THE GRAIN SHAPE FACTORS
OF GRANULAR SOILS. Bahadir Ok, Altan Aker ........................................................................................ 79

IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE SALT MINING AREAS. CASE STUDY: OCNA SUGATAG
(MARAMURES). Adrian Iurkiewicz, Iulian Popa, Marius Mocuța ............................................................ 80

OUTCROP-BASED ANALYSIS OF A RECENTLY DISCOVERED FAULT OFFSETTING UPPER

PLIOCENE - QUATERNARY SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS IN THE MOESIAN PLATFORM
(ROMANIA). Irina Stanciu, Dumitru Ioane ................................................................................................. 81

FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SEYHAN RIVER BASIN, TÜRKİYE USING DIFFERENT

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION METHODS. Evren Turhan, Serin Değerli, Uğurcan Çapar, Tunahan
Avan ................................................................................................................................................................. 82

NEOTECTONIC EFFECTS OUTLINED BY GEOMORPHIC INDEXES COMPUTED FOR RIVER

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN THE CARPATHIANS BEND AREA. Lucica Niculae, Horia Mitrofan........... 83

AN INTEGRATED PLATFORM FOR GROUND-MOTION MAPPING. Valentin Poncos, Irina Stanciu,

Delia Teleaga, Liviu Matenco, István Bozsó, Alexandru Szakács, Dan Birtas, Stefan-Adrian Toma,
Adrian Stanica, Vlad Radulescu .................................................................................................................... 84

INSPECTION OF LANDSLIDE PRONE AREAS PREDICTED BY THE GIS AND REMOTE SENSING
ANALYSIS – CASE STUDY FROM DAMBOVITA COUNTY. Florina Chitea, Lucica Niculae, Ioan
Andrei Voda-Marc, Mihaela-Violeta Gheorghe, Lidia- Maria Nutu Dragomir, Nicolae Cruceru, Mihail
Diaconescu ...................................................................................................................................................... 85

MANAGEMENT OF UAV SYSTEMS’ FLIGHT MISSIONS FOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.

Sebastian Pop .................................................................................................................................................. 86

3D FINITE ELEMENTS DISCRETIZATION FOR SOME GEODETIC NETWORKS IN ROMANIA.

Doru Narvic Mateciuc, Andrei Bala .............................................................................................................. 87

A NAI(TL) DETECTOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES. Madalina Cruceru,

Alin Titus Serban ............................................................................................................................................ 88

9
Session 6: Advances in numerical and analogue modelling, data processing and visualisation,
machine learning and artificial intelligence .......................................................................... 89

A NUMERICAL APPROACH TO LINK THE MECHANICAL DEFORMATION WITH SEISMIC

ATTENUATION OF THE CRUSTAL ROCKS. Maria Aurora Natale Castillo, Magdala Tesauro, Mauro
Cacace .............................................................................................................................................................. 90

VRANCEA SEISMICITY THROUGH REPRODUCIBLE DATA-INTENSIVE ANALYSIS OF

SEISMOLOGICAL RECORDS. Natalia Poiata, Bogdan Grecu, Mircea Radulian, Dragos Tataru, Felix
Borleanu, Raluca Dinescu ............................................................................................................................... 91

HIGH – RESOLUTION ANALYSIS OF THE INTERMEDIATE – DEPTH SEISMICITY PATTERNS IN

THE VRANCEA REGION (ROMANIA): TOWARDS A BETTER ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE
RISK. Alina Coman, Felix Borleanu, Laura Petrescu, Anica Otilia Placinta, Bogdan Enescu, Natalia
Poiata, Mircea Radulian ................................................................................................................................. 92

SINGLE-PHASE FLUID’S VOLUME FLUX MODELLING IN A LAYERED HETEROGENEOUS

POROUS MEDIA. Olusegun Alabi, Iwa Akanni .......................................................................................... 93

Session 7: Conventional, sustainable and unconventional resources, including mineral

resources and landfills ............................................................................................................ 95

CONTRIBUTION OF GEOPHYSICAL AND BOREHOLE DATA IN THE STUDY OF THE

STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHATIC SERIES OF LOUTA DEPOSIT (GANTOUR PLATEAU,
MOROCCO). Anas Charbaoui, Azzouz Kchikach, Mohammed Jaffal, Jean Louis Bodinier, Bouazzaoui
Eljabbar, Oussama Khadiri Yazami, Mourad Guernouche, Es-Saïd Jourani ............................................. 96

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE MINERALIZED ZONE IN DEFTA AREA, WADI HAM, UAE.
Bahaa Eldin Mahmoud Amin, Abdel-Rahman Fowler, Mahmoud B. M. Amin. ........................................ 97

VARIATIONS IN EXTENT AND IMPACT OF DOLOMITIZATION ON RESERVOİR QUALITY OF

FORELAND-BASIN CARBONATES (UPPER CRETACEOUS), ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB
EMIRATES. S. Morad, U. Farouk, M. Alsuwaidi, H. Mansurbeg, I.S. Al-Aasm, M. Hozayen .................. 98

Session 8: Geoscience education and societal awareness on climate change and other
hazards. Geoheritage and humanitarian geophysics ............................................................. 99

PLACING A GEOSCIENTIST IN SOCIETY THROUGH GEOHERITAGE. Benjamin van Wyk de Vries,

Eveling Espinoza, Marie-Noelle Guilbaud, Nelida Manrique, Julie Morin, Cécile Genovese ................... 100

THE GEOSCIENCE OFFICER PROGRAM - ADVOCACY INITIATIVE FOR MORE GEOSCIENCE

TOPICS IN SCHOOLS. Dragos Tataru ........................................................................................................101

TO BE OR NOT TO BE A LIVING PLANET. A SUMMER SCHOOL RESEARCH PROJECT FOR

HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS. Eduard Necula, Eduard Năstase, Bogdan Zaharia, Alina Coman, Dragoș
Tătaru ............................................................................................................................................................. 102

EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES FOR GEOPHYSICS AND STEAM RELATED ACTIVITIES. Adina Vanciu
Rău, Dragoș Tătaru ....................................................................................................................................... 103

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING GEOPHYSICS THROUGH FIELD ACTIVITIES FROM A

STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE. Alina Oprișan................................................................................................ 104

MONITORING CHANGES IN HUMAN ACTIVITY BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE COVID-19
IN CITIES FROM ROMANIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS USING SEISMIC NOISE. Andreea Tolea,
Bogdan Grecu, Cristian Neagoe .................................................................................................................... 105

10
REȘCA-ROMULA ARCHEOLOGİCAL SİTE – RESULTS OF THE GEOPHYSİCAL AND
ARCHEOLOGİCAL RESEARCH CAMPAİGN 2022 - Mircea Negru, Florina Chitea, Nicolae Cruceru,
Florin Ciulavu, Mihaela Bleoancă, Sabin Popovici, Ilinca Artene, Vlad George Cruceru ........................ 106

APPLIED MAGNETOMETRY IN A STUDENTS’ GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF “CÂMPUL

BOJA” ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (BUCHAREST). Alina Oprișan .......................................................... 107

GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

EVALUATION OF THE NE PANNONIAN BASIN. Ionelia Panea, Ioan Munteanu, Florina Chitea .... 108

KARST AQUIFERS AND THERMAL BATHS - CASE STUDIES. Maria Boștenaru Dan, Mirela Adriana
Anghelache, Cerasella Craciun, Anca Cezarina Fulger, Mara Popescu ....................................................109

NATURAL PARKS AND UNDERGROUND BUILT HERITAGE COMMUNITY VALORISATION.

Cerasella Craciun, Maria Boștenaru Dan, Mara Popescu, Adrian Ibric, Mirela Adriana Anghelache,
Anca Cezarina Fulger .....................................................................................................................................110

INSIGHTS OF THE GEOTOURISTIC POTENTIALOF THE CÂMPULUNG MUSCEL REGION.

Dobrescu Carmen Ileana .................................................................................................................................111

ARCHITECTURE OF GEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS. Maria Bostenaru Dan, Mara Popescu, Adrian Ibric,
Mirela Adriana Anghelache, Cerasella Craciun ........................................................................................... 112

DIGITAL ART HISTORY FOR THE STUDY OF FLOOD VULNERABILITY IN DIFFERENT

GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS IN EUROPE: CARPATHIANS, ALPS AND PRAGUE. Adrian Ibric, Maria
Boștenaru Dan, Cerasella Craciun, Mara Popescu ...................................................................................... 113

PIONEER WOMEN GEOLOGISTS: ELIZA LEONIDA ZAMFIRESCU’S MEMORY. Maria Boștenaru

Dan, Mirela Adriana Anghelache, Roxana Mihaly, Cerasella Craciun, Adrian Ibric ................................114

11
 FOREWORD

This book includes the abstracts accepted to be part of the technical programme of the ILP-
GEOSCIENCE 2022, the joint event of the 16th Workshop of the International Lithosphere Program
Task Force Sedimentary Basins & 7th Geoscience Symposium of the Romanian Society of Applied
Geophysics, organized in Bucharest, Romania
The ILP-GEOSCIENCE 2022 joint event took place under the theme: The coupling between
sedimentary basins, orogenic areas, and their underlying lithosphere in applied and theoretical
geosciences.
In advance of the technical presentation days, a pre-event field trip in the SE Carpathians (4-5
October 2022) was organized.
Technical presentations, extended over two days, brought along speakers from United Arab
Emirates, Poland, France, Italy, Spain, Morocco, Hungary, Serbia, Norway, Netherlands, Turkey,
Egypt, and researchers from all continents who assisted on-site or virtually.
The event concluded with a one-day post-event field trip to one of the largest salt mines in Europe,
at 208 m below the earth surface and was an opportunity to discuss about mining-triggered hazards
and geophysics.
A selection of the works presented during the ILP-GEOSCIENCE 2022 (6-7 October 2022) will also
appear as extended papers within a forthcoming book under the aegis of the Romanian Society of
Applied Geophysics.
Editors of the volume,
Florina Chitea
President of the Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics
Co- Chair of the Scientific Committee

Ioan Munteanu
Co-Chair of the Organizing Committee

Liviu Matenco
Chair of the Scientific Committee

Raluca Dinescu
Member of the Organizing Committee

Irina Stanciu
Chair of the Organizing Committee

13
Session 1: The geodynamic and (seismo-)tectonic evolution of orogens, sedimentary
basins, and the underlying lithosphere

15
 TRANSFORM AND PASSIVE MARGIN SUBSIDENCE HISTORY
AND STRATIGRAPHY: INFERENCES FROM THERMO-MECHANICAL
AND STRATIGRAPHIC MODELS

Attila Balázs1, Taras Gerya1, Didier Granjeon2, Dave May3, Gábor Tari4

1
ETH Zurich, Department of Earth Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
2
IFP-EN, Rueil-Malmaison, France
3
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, California, USA
4
OMV Upstream, Vienna, Austria

ABSTRACT
Transform and passive margins emerging during the continental rifting and opening of oceanic
basins are fundamental elements of plate tectonics. It has been suggested that inherited structures,
plate divergence velocities and surface processes exert a first order control on the topographic and
bathymetric evolution and thermal history of these margins and related sedimentary basins. We
conducted 3D thermo-mechanical numerical experiments with the code I3ELVIS coupled to surface
processes modelling (FDSPM) to simulate the dynamics of continental rifting, continental transform
fault zone formation and persistent oceanic transform faulting. Numerical modelling results allow to
explain the first order observations from passive and transform margins, such as diachronous
incipient rifting, strain localization into individual oblique rift basins and the opening of structurally
separate oceanic basins connected in an open marine environment. In addition, the models
reproduce the rise of transform marginal ridges and submarine plateaus and their interaction with
erosion and sedimentation.
Building on the results of the thermo-mechanical model, a high-resolution 3D stratigraphic code
(DionisosFlow) is used to simulate and assess the distinct tectonic, sea-level and climatic variations,
associated with water and sediment influx and their role in the stratigraphy of transform margins.
The sedimentary architecture evolution is analyzed by the modeled paleo-water depth, erosion and
sedimentation rates and lithology distribution inside the transform and passive margin basins. Our
modeling highlights the differences between the low-order tectonic and higher order sea-level and
climatic-driven transgressive-regressive cycles, and we analyze the auto-cyclic nature of the
depositional systems.
Comparison of model results with observations from natural examples, such as the Gulf of Guinea
region and the Romanche transform fault and their passive and transform margins, the Red Sea
Basin and possible comparisons within the Carpathians-Alpine domain yield new insights into the
tectono-sedimentary evolution of tectonically similar margins worldwide.
Acknowledgments: Beicip-Franlab is acknowledged for providing an academic license for
DionisosFlow.

16
 THE OROGENY-RELATED TIME-DEPENDENT THERMAL TRIGGER FOR RIFTING
AND BREAK-UP OF CONTINENTS

Yuriy Petrovich Maystrenko1 and Trond Slagstad1

1
Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Trondheim, Norway.

ABSTRACT
The closure of oceans often leads to refertilization and enrichment of the orogeny-related,
lithospheric mantle in radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium. According to conductive-
convective thermal modelling, increased content of radioactive elements within the anomalous
mantle block results in a time-dependent rise of temperature, weakening the lithosphere with time
and, therefore, providing favourable settings for rifting more than 50-100 million years after the
ocean closure. Moreover, the obtained results of the numerical modelling show that a global-scale
mantle convection pattern is characterized by a clear tendency of the mantle upwellings to move
with time in the direction of the thermally anomalous upper-mantle block. These movements of the
upwellings can cause extensional stresses that can potentially trigger the break-up of the already
thermally-weakened, continental lithosphere. From our point of view, this time-dependent, thermal
mechanism can explain why extensional tectonics and continental break-up within the former
suture zones do not occur immediately after orogeny but with a certain time delay which is most
likely controlled by the concentration of the heat-producing elements in the anomalous mantle
block and size of this block. In addition, our results give an explanation of why the intracontinental
rifting and the continental break-up occurred along or in close vicinity to the suture zones not
immediately after the orogenic event but with a delay in time. In this case, the presence of
structural/compositional inhomogeneities within the orogenic lithosphere plays a rather secondary
role, controlling mostly the geometrical configuration of the rift basin. This is due to the fact that
structural/compositional inhomogeneities within the suture zone are present immediately after the
orogeny, but rifting occurs some tens of millions of years after. Therefore, we propose a new, time-
dependent process of weakening the continental lithosphere that can be responsible for the
intracontinental rifting and the continental break-up controlled by the increased content of
radioactive elements within the anomalous lithospheric mantle.

17
 INITIATION OF RIFT SEGMENTATION: INSIGHTS ON THE ROLE OF INHERITED
COMPOSITIONAL AND THERMAL HETEROGENEITIES

Alberto Pastorutti¹, Magdala Tesauro¹,², Carla Braitenberg¹, Florence Colleoni³,

Laura De Santis³, Martina Busetti³

1
Dept. of Mathematics and Geoscience, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
2
University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
3
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, Sgonico, Italy

ABSTRACT
Portions of continental lithosphere that have undergone extension often bear evidence of rift
segmentation in offset normal faults, resulting in multiple basins. Instead, when an “ideal
lithosphere” composed by laterally homogenous layers is numerically modelled, rift segmentation
seems to be triggered only in a limited number of configurations. Otherwise, uniform stretching and
thinning are observed, close to the theoretical syn-rift deformation of McKenzie (DOI:10.1016/0012-
821X(78)90071-7). By introducing lateral discontinuities, in the structural setting, composition,
and/or the temperature field, segmentation is greatly facilitated. These heterogeneities may be
inherited from prior history of the involved portion of continent. Inheritance is generally accepted as
a fundamental controlling factor on rift architecture (DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2014.08.006,
DOI:10.1029/2019TC005578).
By using a set of numerical models, we aimed at obtaining insights on the triggering of segmentation in
two basins in the West Antarctica Rift System, the Central Trough and the Eastern Basin, which
underwent polyphase extension between the Cretaceous and Tertiary (DOI:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp052).
This has been carried out in the frame of the ANTIPODE project, in the context of paleo-bathymetry
reconstruction in the Ross Sea. We observe that the formation of multiple basins, with areas of localized
deformation and relatively undisturbed sides, becomes unlikely using a range of initial thermophysical
conditions, time and velocity of rifting. Therefore, we tested what crustal heterogeneities and thermal
transients are required to initiate segmentation and obtain separated basins, analogues of the real-world
rift system. The models that we implemented consists of 2-D sections of a multilayer continental
lithosphere undergoing extension. We use the open source Underworld2 modelling code and the
accompanying UWGeodynamics module (DOI:10.21105/joss.01797), which relies on Lagrangian
integration point finite element approach (DOI:10.1016/S0021-9991(02)00031-1) and provides a Python API
to construct, run, and visualize the output of models.
Preliminary results suggest that compositional inhomogeneities including prior variation in crustal
thickness, and cold thermal transients – both likely consequences of prior tectonics – favour
localized deformation, which eventually evolves in rift segmentation. Uniform extension, on the
other hand, can be caused by a reduction of viscosity in the lower crust, e.g. due to a relatively warm
geotherm, at steady state conditions.

18
 KINEMATIC MODELS AND LATERAL TRANSFER OF DEFORMATION IN THE
INVERTED BROAD FOURTEENS BASIN

Nistor Valentin1,2

1
Geological Institute of Romania, Romania
2
Institute of Geodynamics of Romanian Academy, Romania

ABSTRACT
Broad Fourteens Basin (BFB), located in the Dutch Sector of North Sea, is a part of the Alpine
foreland and it was mainly shaped during Mesozoic times. This study presents the results of 3D
PSDM seismic data interpretation calibrated with well tops of sedimentary formations. The main
focus is to define the kinematic models of deformation in the inverted structures, and the role of the
inherited extensional structures in the localization of the compressional deformation.
Basin evolution can be divided into two main stages of deformation, Triassic – Early Cretaceous
extension and Early Cretaceous – Tertiary inversion with both stages influenced by salt tectonics.
During extension, normal faulting prevailed and at the end of it BFB was shaped as a half-graben
basin. Subsequently, during the inversion stage, this geometry was inverted and thrusted over the
Noord Holland Carbonate Platform, advancing over the initial basin rim. A number of geological
cross section over the basin were interpreted and their interpretations illustrates nowadays/present
basin geometry as a result of the interplay between the inherited extensional structures as a key spot
in the localization of the compressional deformation and the kinematic models of deformation.
Extensional regime left behind a set of high angle ramps, which during compressional regime, will
facilitate the formation of large-scale ramp anticlines developed in a fault-ramp fold mechanism
which is the main mechanism of compressional deformation. Basin shortening was accommodated
by fault-ramp folds, fault-propagation folds structures or thrust faults (fore- and/or back-). Total
amount of basin shortening vary from 1.6 km in the NW to 2.2 km in the SE, with a very top point at
3.8 km in the central part and is a result between the initial amount of extension, presence and
thickness of Zechstein salt and the inversion at a low angle.
Zechstein salt presence over the entire Broad Fourteens Basin played a key role in development of a
major and continuous decollement which thrusted all the basin sedimentary fill over the Noord
Holland Platform. This mega thrust developed by connecting multiple flat-ramp-flat zones over the
Zechstein salt level without implying any basement uplift and the final geometry of the BFB looks
like a thin-skinned inverted basin.

19
 THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE DEEP AND SHALLOW STRUCTURES OF THE
ZAGROS COLLISIONAL ZONE

Magdala Tesauro1,2, Alberto Pastorutti1, Tommaso Pivetta1, Ivan Koulakov3,4,

Carla Braitenberg1

1
University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
2
Utrecht University, Utrecht Netherlands
3
Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, SB RAS, Prospekt Koptyuga,
Novosibirsk, Russia.
4
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

ABSTRACT
The Zagros collisional zone formed from the closure of the Neotethys oceanic domain and the
collision of the northern margin of the Arabian platform with the microplates of central Iran,
accreted to the southern margin of Eurasia during the Mesozoic. This area extends from the
Turkish–Iranian border to the NW, to the Makran area in the SE and is composed of different
parallel tectonic features from SW to NE: the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt (ZFTB), the Sanandaj–
Sirjan Metamorphic Zone (SSZ), and the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage (UDMA).
Currently, the Arabian plate moves northward relative to Eurasia by 22 ± 2 mm yr −1
(https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz045). The subduction is active only beneath the southeastern part of
the Zagros orogen (Makran), while in other parts the slab extends up to different depths and shows a
variable inclination.
In this study, carried out in the frame of the project PRIN 2017 (Intraplate deformation, magmatism and
topographic evolution of a diffuse collisional belt: Insights into the geodynamics of the Arabia-Eurasia
collisional zones), we analyze the possible influence that the shapes and structures of the deep tectonic
features have on the variations of the lateral surface topography and seismicity. To this aim, we use a recent
regional model of the crust and Curie point depths (https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa075,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45129), besides two mantle seismic velocity tomography models
(https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007938, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ ggt095). To constrain the local thermal
field, the mantle seismic velocities are converted in temperatures, using Perple_X thermophysical code
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.033), and assuming as input two different mantle compositions,
Within the collisional zone, we could observe an abrupt deepening of the Curie point depth, which partially
corresponds to a sharp lateral transition from positive to negative mantle velocity anomalies and from cold
to hot temperatures, in the depth range of 100-200 km. The conversion of velocities in temperatures helps
identify the areas where the slab is continuous or a possible detachment occurs. Such a sharp lateral change
in velocity/temperature is located along SSZ and is accompanied by a transition to a smoother topography
and an abrupt decrease of seismicity, which instead characterizes the crust of the ZFTB. These observations
can be explained by the warming effect of asthenospheric upwelling. Outside from the collisional zone,
beneath Central Iran, the lithosphere is quite thin (<100 km), crustal thickness is only 40 km thick, and
topography is low and flat, as effect of the lithospheric delamination occurred in the Eocene, before the
continental collision.

20
 CARBONATE PLATFORMS AS A TOOL FOR QUANTIFICATION OF TECTONIC
FLEXURE AND ACCOMMODATION VS SEDIMENTATION RATIOS IN A VARISCAN
FORELAND BASIN (NW SPAIN)

Oscar Merino-Tomé1, Juan Ramón Bahamonde1, Luis Pedro Fernández1,

Federico Del Pozo1, Elias Samankassou2, Giovanna Della Porta3,
Valentin Chesnel4, Juan Luis Alonso1, Jaume Vergés5, Mar Moragas5, Elisa Villa1,
Arsenio Muñoz6, Iván Díaz García1, Jaime Martín Llaneza1

1
Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 2 Department of Earth Sciences,
University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 3 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di
Milano, Milan, Italy 4 Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica,
Costa Rica 5 G Barcelona (Geo3Bcn), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain 6 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra-
Instituto, Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain

ABSTRACT
The nucleation, growth and demise of carbonate platforms in foreland basins are controlled by (1) intrinsic
and extrinsic factors affecting net carbonate production, (2) the terrigenous input from the growing
orogens and (3) changes in accommodation. Rapid changes in subsidence rate ahead of the orogenic front
mostly reflect the flexure of the foreland lithosphere due to loading by both the advancing orogenic wedge
and the sedimentary infill.
In the N Spain’s Variscan Orogen foreland basin that developed on the southern flank of the Laurentia-
Gondwana collision, a wide spectrum of Early–Middle Pennsylvanian microbial carbonate platforms
formed. These systems grew on both the distal foreland margin and on the proximal foredeep siliciclastic
wedges. The study of these Pennsylvanian carbonate platforms allows the reconstruction of the Gondwana
lithosphere flexure during the Variscan Orogeny by providing new insights on its rheology.
Growth styles, vertical relief and thicknesses of the carbonate platform systems of the distal foreland
margin, observed along a 42 km-long proximal-distal-oriented transect, allow to constraining the flexure of
the lithosphere during the underfilled basin stage (Early Pennsylvanian; Bashkirian substage). Rates of
orogen-ward tilting of the basin floor increased gradually from 0.24º/Ma to 0.38º/Ma, creating the
accommodation that allowed the growth of up to 1500 m-thick steep and high-relief microbial-boundstone-
dominated systems (isolated carbonate platforms and buildups). These systems were characterized by
aggradational growth styles and by limited progradation of the platform margins, and were progressively
onlapped and buried by the siliciclastics infilling the foredeep.
In addition, during the Middle Pennsylvanian (Moscovian substage), delta-top carbonate systems provide
insights into major trends in terrigenous supply versus accommodation and lithosphere flexure along the
delta-built marine shelves closer to the orogenic front. Reconstruction of stratal geometries after sediment
decompaction along a 170 km-long cross section, corrected for Variscan deformation and based on detailed
stratigraphic mapping and correlation, reveals maximum rates of orogen-ward tilting ranging from
0.47º/Ma to 0.67º/Ma between Kashirian and Myachkovian times, while total subsidence rates increased up
to ca. 0.7mm/yr in the most proximal sections.
The results of this study reveal the importance of geometrical analysis after detailed mapping, correlation
and restoration of tectonic deformation to assess the basin-scale interaction between subsidence and
accommodation and their lateral variations.
21
 SUBSIDENCE ANALYSIS OF THE CANTABRIAN ZONE VARISCAN FORELAND BASIN
(CARBONIFEROUS, NW SPAIN)

J. Federico Del Pozo1, Óscar Merino-Tomé1, Mar Moragas, Jaume Vergés2, Luis Pedro
Fernández1, Juan Ramón Bahamonde1, Juan Luis Alonso1, Arsenio Muñoz4, Urs Schaltegger3,
Dylan P. Colon3, Jaime Martín-Llaneza1, Elisa Villa1, Iván Díaz-García1

1
Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
2
Geosciences Barcelona (Geo3Bcn), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
3
Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
4
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

ABSTRACT
A backstripping analysis of local isostasy, using TemisFlow™ (Beicip-Franlab), is performed across
the Variscan foreland basin that developed on the northern margin of Gondwana during the
Carboniferous. It is based on the synorogenic successions exposed in the Cantabrian Zone (CZ,
hereafter), which constitutes the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in the NW of the Variscan Iberian
Massif. The analysed Carboniferous synorogenic successions fit the classical flysch-to-molasse
evolution described in foreland basins including: (a) widely distributed and thin distal (foreland
margin) strata; (b) up to nearly 6000 m-thick foredeep infill successions from deep-water facies to
shallow-water, coastal and alluvial deposits; (c) mélanges forming carpets beneath or ahead of
submarine thrust systems; and (d) unconformable wedge-top successions.
Subsidence analysis has been done for eight composite stratigraphic sections, comprising distal-foreland
to foredeep strata and aligned on a proximal-to-distal cross section parallel to the direction of main
nappes emplacement. All sections yield the typical foreland-basin subsidence curves, with inflection
points recording the onset of subsidence rate breaks. Low tectonic subsidence rates (<0.01–0.13 mm/yr-1)
are recorded for the mainly pelagic and hemipelagic “distal foreland strata” across the entire basin
transect, while high rates of tectonic subsidence (>0.22 mm/yr-1, with values up to 0.4 mm/yr-1) are
obtained for the foredeep infill. First major inflection point gets progressively younger towards the
foreland, from ~326 Ma in the most proximal section to ~317 Ma in the medial part of the transect, most
probably recording the orogenic wedge advance towards the foreland during the deformation and nappe
emplacement in internal areas of the orogen (West Asturian–Leonese Zone) according to published
dating of deformation fabrics and cleavage. A second main subsidence pulse started at ca. 310 Ma in the
medial and distal sections of the transect, likely linked with the emplacement of the innermost thrust
nappes of the CZ. During this renewed subsidence pulse, tectonic subsidence rates reached values of 0.25
mm/yr-1 in the section nearest to the orogenic front, coinciding with the sedimentation of thick alluvial
polymictic conglomerates recording the exhumation and erosion of the underlying synorogenic and pre-
orogenic strata from the inner thrust nappes of the CZ.
In all the studied sections, the foredeep successions are punctuated by a major erosion event at ca. 307
Ma, followed by deposition of the wedge-top successions, closing the synorogenic stage at ~300 Ma.

22
 LARGE-SCALE EFFECTS OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS - PALEOGENE INVERSION
TECTONICS WITHIN THE OFFSHORE PART OF THE POLISH BASIN AND ALONG
THE SW EDGE OF THE EAST EUROPEAN CRATON

Piotr Krzywiec1, Aleksandra Stachowska1, Quang Nguyen2, Łukasz Słonka1, Michał

Malinowski2, Niklas Ahlrichs3, Christian Hübscher3

1
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
2
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
3
Institute of Geophysics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

ABSTRACT
The Late Cretaceous - Paleogene inversion was the last regional tectonic process that influenced
most of Europe. It resulted in uplift of numerous crustal blocks and led to demise of major
epicontinental sedimentary basins, including the Polish Basin, which developed in Permian-
Mesozoic times above the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone and encroached also above the SW edge of the
East European Craton (EEC). Its offshore part has been recently studied by the BalTec high-
resolution regional seismic survey that provided unique insight into the Phanerozoic evolution of
this area, including Late Cretaceous - Paleogene inversion. BalTec offshore survey was acquired
within the transition zone between the Paleozoic Platform and EEC. SW part of BalTec data imaged
offshore segment of the Mid-Polish Swell formed due to inversion of the axial part of the Polish
Basin. NE from the Mid-Polish Swell, within the Bornholm–Darłowo Fault Zone, system of Late
Cretaceous strike-slip syn-depositional faults was documented. E part of the BalTec survey is located
above the EEC overlain by Cambro-Silurian sedimentary cover that is dissected by a system of steep,
mostly reverse faults, regarded so far as having been formed as a result of the Caledonian orogeny.
BalTec seismic data proved that at least some of these deeply-rooted faults such as, for example,
Ustka Fault and its NW extension Christiansø Fault were active as a reverse faults in the latest
Cretaceous. This confirms that large offshore blocks of Silurian and older rocks, located presently
directly beneath the thin Cenozoic veneer, must have been at least partly covered by the Upper
Cretaceous successions and uplifted during the latest Cretaceous – Paleogene inversion. Erosion of
these blocks provided sediments of the Upper Cretaceous progradational wedges within the onshore
Baltic Basin recently detected using seismic data. All these results prove that Late Cretaceous -
Paleogene inversion in this part of Europe affected large areas located further towards the east than
previously assumed.
PolandSPAN seismic survey imaged intra-Upper Cretaceous laterally extensive unconformities that
document hitherto unknown substantial uplifts of the SW edge of the EEC. These unconformities
might have been formed as a result of inversion-induced regional buckling of the cratonic edge.
Buckling might have also contributed to the Late Cretaceous uplift of large offshore area currently
devoid of Mesozoic cover and imaged by BaltTec data.
This study was funded by NCN grants UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02316 (offshore) and UMO-
2015/17/B/ST10/03411 (onshore). ION Geophysical provided PolandSPAN data, IHS Markit provided
seismic interpretation software.

23
 VOLCANISM AND BASIN DEVELOPMENTS DURING MIOCENE
IN THE ZĂRAND BASIN, APUSENI MTS., ROMANIA

Seghedi Ioan1, Mirea Viorel1

1
Institute of Geodynamics Sabba S. Ştefănescu, Romanian Academy, Endogenous Processes,
Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
The Zărand extensional basin witnessed during Miocene the generation and evolution of an
important volcanic activity, dominated by the largest composite volcano in Apuseni Mts., Bontău
volcano, the focus of this presentation. The volcano suggests an original oval-shaped edifice base
(10/15 km) and according to existing K/Ar ages it was active roughly between ~14–10 Ma. The early
volcanic activity was effusive and generated an andesitic composite volcano. The late activity
developed at the top of the early volcano with the emplacement of acid andesites lava domes. After
the summit dome generation several volcanic collapses developed all around the volcanic edifice
producing large volcanic debris avalanche deposits (DADs), accompanied by numerous debris flows,
mostly at the volcano periphery. The presence of pumiceous pyroclastic flow covered by DADs at the
volcano periphery suggests an event of Plinian eruption before DAD generation. Four DADs units
were identified, initially, two directed to the west and east and then the other two directed to the
south and north. Small basins where lacustrine and fluviatile sedimentation occurred suggest a
hummocky topography of the DAD units. The last event in the volcano evolution generated a debris
avalanche crater toward north which expose several intrusive andesitic-dioritic bodies and
associated hydrothermal and mineralization processes.
The volcanism connects with the two steps geotectonic evolution of the Zărand Basin: (1) The initial
volcanism between ~14-12.3–12.1 was generated during regional extension that started at ~16 Ma. It
was a period when the Bontău composite volcano and the dome system along main faults that
generated the basin were emplaced; (2) The second period, younger than 12 Ma, corresponds to NW-
SE compressional tectonics developed only in the Bontău volcano with summit dome generation
followed at ~ 10 Ma by volcano destruction and DADs generation. This event also correlates to the
collision initiation in the East Carpathians.

24
 ABIOGENIC CH4 PRODUCTION IN THE MEHADIA NEOGENE BASIN:
ONGOING SERPENTINIZATION EXPERIENCED BY A CONCEALED EXTENSION OF
THE TISOVIŢA-IUŢI OPHIOLITE BODY ?

Horia Mitrofan 1, Constantin Marin 2, Florina Chitea 1,3,4, Nicoleta Cadicheanu 1,

Ioan Povară 2, Alin Tudorache 2, Daniela Elena Ioniţă 2,5, Mirela-Adriana Anghelache 1

1
“Sabba Ştefănescu” Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy
2
“Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
3
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest
4
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics, Romania
5
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest

ABSTRACT
A Devonian age ophiolite body crops out at Tisoviţa-Iuţi, in the South West Carpathians. Reworked
Tisoviţa-Iuţi rock-assemblages occur 50 km further north, in Carboniferous-Permian conglomerates, close
to the NE border of Mehadia Neogene basin. Such a circumstance was interpreted in the past as an
indication that a not yet detected extension of the Tisoviţa-Iuţi ophiolitic body was “concealed” in the pre-
Neogene basement of Mehadia basin. No further evidence was however provided for supporting this
assumption.
Within several ophiolite occurences worlwide there have been identified outflows of methane (CH 4)
which was assumedly produced abiotically, by: (i) hydration of olivine (“serpentinization”), with
hydrogen (H2) being released as a by-product; (ii) reduction of inorganic carbon by this formerly
produced H2, eventually resulting in abiogenic CH 4 synthesis. Main indicators of an abiotic origin of
the discharged CH4 are – besides significant contents of associated (residual) H 2 – enrichments in the
13
C isotope and, as well, a specific (“Schulz-Flory”) distribution of the alkanes mole fractions.
For an old gas sample, collected from a well drilled in the ophiolites at Tisoviţa, 13C contents were not
reported, but we were able to identify other fingerprints of abiotic CH4 synthesis: Schulz-Flory distribution
of the alkanes mole fractions, and a large content of H2 (28.7vol%, for a CH4 concentration of 69.1vol%). On
the other hand, 13C-enrichments were detected in CH4 conveyed by thermal water discharged at two
localities in relative neighborhood, where however no ultramafic rocks occurred: Băile Herculane and
Mehadica, positioned on opposite borders (SE and W, respectively), of Mehadia Neogene basin.
Ionic composition of thermal water discharged at Băile Herculane indicates mixing between two
endmembers. Thermal water discharged at Mehadica seems to be a proxy for the less concentrated of those
two parent fluids. Most likely, that less concentrated endmember actually originates in the Mehadia basin
basement, from where it flows in two opposite directions: toward Mehadica, without experiencing any
mixing, and toward Băile Herculane, where it progressively mixes with a more concentrated endmemer.
This scenario involves the existence of a ~20 km long geofluids migration pathway which connects
Mehadica and Băile Herculane, and which crosses the elongated ophiolitic body presumed to be buried –
as above discussed – in the Mehadia basin basement. It is thus implied that 13C-enriched CH4 is
abiotically generated ensuing to the ophiolite serpentinization, then stored in a “concealed pocket”
underneath the Mehadia basin, from where it “escapes” via the inferred ~20 kilometers-long flowpath.

25
 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY STRUCTURE OF THE TRANSITION FROM THE EAST
EUROPEAN CRATON TO PALAEOZOIC PLATFORM DERIVED FROM 3-D INVERSION
OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA

Stanisław Mazur 1, Waldemar Jóźwiak 2, K.Nowożyński 2

1
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
2
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences

ABSTRACT
We present a large and complex three-dimensional (3-D) model of the resistivity distribution in the
lithosphere at the transition from the East European Craton to the younger Palaeozoic Platform of
Western Europe. The model was created by inverting magnetotelluric (MT) and magnetovariational
(MV) data from 593 points collected over the last 50 years. ModEM code was used to invert the data
and obtain the conductivity distribution model. The full size of the mesh with edges was 3000 by
3000 kilometres and 600 kilometres in the vertical direction, and the modelling field was digitized
with 104 x 104 x 52 (+10 air) cells in geographic orientations. A trial-and-error approach was applied
to select the best model parameters, such as the starting model and the covariance matrix. As a
result, a 3-D model of resistivity distribution in the crust and upper mantle was obtained. The results
show a variable thickness of the sedimentary layer, increasing westward, and the presence of deep
and extensive conductive anomalies in the crystalline crust. Early Permian continental rifting that
caused SW-ward lithospheric thinning, localised crustal stretching and subsidence of a broad
sedimentary basin had a primary impact on the distribution of resistivity anomalies. While the pre-
Permian resistivity structure was mostly obliterated during the rifting event, the effects of Late
Cretaceous-Paleogene accretion of the Western Carpathians and inversion of the Permian-Mesozoic
Polish Basin are clearly detectable in the resistivity pattern. A major resistivity anomaly, reaching
down to the Moho, coincides with the Pieniny Klippen Belt. The anomaly presumably represents a
tectonic suture associated with accretion of the Western Carpathians. In general, our study
highlights a role of relatively young tectonic processes in the evolution of the transition zone linking
old and stable Eastern Europe with younger and mobile Western Europe.

26
 SUBSURFACE STRUCTURES AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF
THE LAYOUNE-BOUJDOUR-DAKHLA BASIN (SOUTH MOROCCO):
NEW INSIGHT FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC DATA.

Oualid El Amraoui1, Mustapha Boujamaoui1, Abdellah Nait Bba2, Ibtissam Rezouki1,

Sahbi Hassane1

1
Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco.
2
Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.

ABSTRACT
The Layoune-Boujdour-Dakhla basin is the southernmost largest coastal basin of the Moroccan
Atlantic passive margin. Due to the large Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary sequence, geological features
of its basement are poorly perceived on the surface. Advanced analysis of high-resolution
aeromagnetic data has permitted new insight of its basement structuration, as well as to propose its
geodynamic evolution.
The resulted structural map displays various geological blocs along the basement, where each one
reveals a specific structural pattern, reflecting the structuration of neighbouring outcrops, from
which major tectonic events were inferred. The Eburnean orogeny is presented by the NW-SE El
Mdena fault zone and Bou-Dayra fault zone forming a shear zone during the collision of Archean
and Paleoproterozoic terranes via a transpressional dextral regime. In the center of the basin, we
were able to map a profound and large mega-vein shaped magmatic body, that the geometry is well
correlated with this tectonic system. Eburnean structures were reworked during the Pan-African
orogeny, and the Ediacaran rifting phase, coupled with the creation of NNE-SSW fault system. The
rifting phase was expressed by a reduced width of a half-graben structure in Dhloat Ensour region
and a voluminous bimodal magmatism, accompanied with dike swarms trending NNE-SSW in Ouled
Dlim massif. Meanwhile, the Dhlou-Zemmour area document a large half-graben structure along the
newly discovered N-S to NE-SW Boukra fault zone. During the Variscan orogeny, these faults were
reworked as thrusts due to the E-W directed shortening regime. Accordingly, the paleozoic Dhlou-
Zemmour belt depict several N-S to NNE-SSW thrusts and folds affected by NE-SW strike-slip faults.
In Ouled Dlim massif, the four main units have thrusted onto the paleozoic Dhloat Ensour units, and
this latter on the Reguibat basement. During the early Mesozoic, the basin underwent the
extensional tectonic during the Central Atlantic opening event, reworking inherited structures.
Consequently, a large NE-SW oriented half-graben was formed, demonstrating an increasing depth
oceanward and limited to the East by the Boukra fault zone. Additionally, CAMP basaltic floods were
newly discovered intercalating its meso-cenozoic infill.

27
 DELINEATING SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE OF THE BAHIRA BASIN (MOROCCO):
NEW INSIGHT FROM GRAVITY DATA

Meriem Lghoul 1

1
Data4Earth Laboratory, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Polydisciplinary faculty, Mghila B.P.592,
Béni-Mellal-Morocco.

ABSTRACT
In the present study, gravity data are investigated to delineate the subsurface structural trends
affecting the Bahira basin (Morocco), to determine the basement surface depth and to have a
synthetic view of the basin structure. This study was conducted by integrating power spectrum
analysis technique, edges detection methods and 2D gravity modelling. Total horizontal derivative
(THDR), first vertical derivative (FVD), tilt derivative and its horizontal derivative, analytical signal
and 3D Euler deconvolution are used as edge detection methods. The obtained results show that the
major lineaments/faults trends are: NE–SW, NW-SE, ENE–WSW, and WNW–ESE. The 3D Euler
deconvolution analysis highlighted several fault trends, mainly in the ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE
directions. In the eastern part of the study area, the depth of the top to basement is about 7 km.
Gravity data has been also used for 2D modelling along three profiles perpendicular to the main
structural trends of the study area. The 2D forward modeling allowed to have a synthetic view of the
Bahira basin structure, the results indicates that the eastern part of the Bahira basin is characterized
by a thick sedimentary cover, whereas the western part has a subtabular structure with a low depth
to basement. A perfect correlation was noticed between the results of the different employed
methods, and corroborates completely with the previous geological studies in the Bahira basin. The
structure of Bahira basin needs more exploration interest, particularly from hydrogeological and
minerals resources sides, and requires further studies by applying other geophysical prospecting
techniques.

28
 A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE GEOPHYSICAL MODEL OF EAST VARDAR OPHIOLITES:
SERBIA, NORTH MACEDONIA AND GREECE

Dragana Đurić 1

1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Sebia

ABSTRACT
The central Balkan Peninsula is characterized by very complex tectonic settings since the
Tethys Ocean was closed during the late Mesozoic yielding Dinaric (west) and the Vardar
Zone (east), representing the important relicts of the former oceanic lithosphere. The
easternmost ophiolite belt, East Vardar Zone (EVZ), differs from other Balkan ophiolites in
displaying the foremost pronounced supra-subduction geochemical signatures. This zone is
in Serbia placed between the continental Kopaonik Unit and Serbo-Macedonian Massif. It
extends to the Apuseni Mts. in Romania within the north, and in the south, it continues
through central parts of the North Macedonia, and Peonias subzone in Greece.
This research aimed to contribute to resolving the spatial position of EVZ ophiolite, which
continues to be a matter of debate. The applied methodology included geological,
geophysical (gravity and geomagnetic) and remote sensing data. For the modelling within
the Oasis Montaj/GM SYS software, density, susceptibility, and remanent magnetization,
previously laboratory determined, were used. The modelling was conducted along 7 profiles,
between 20 and 50 km long with depths between 2 and 4 km, placed perpendicular to EVZ,
as well as three control sections.
The results invariably suggest that the East Vardar Zone ophiolites represent one body
elongated in the NNW-SSE direction. The western border of the East Vardar Zone ophiolite
is sharp and may be determined, while the eastern border is diffuse, but it’s evident that
below the surface this ophiolite dips to the east below the Serbo-Macedonian Massif. The
inferred buried ophiolite bodies display steep contacts at shallow levels, but the contacts
become much less steep with depth. Based on 2D models, a pseudo-3D model was created.
The results of this research imply that the mode of emplacement of the East Vardar Zone
ophiolites was associated with the accretion/underthrusting mechanism. Accretion
mechanism is more related to Cordilleran type than to Tethyan and it was strikingly
different from the emplacement of the other Balkan ophiolites that were uniformly
subducted toward the west.
An independent study of mantle xenolith and lamproitic lavas supports this scenario
indicating that at least parts of the mantle underneath the Tethyan Mesozoic suture are
compositionally more like an oceanic supra-subduction mantle.

29
 THE USE OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES (SPECTRAL DECOMPOSITION AND RMS
AMPLITUDE) – AN ESSENTIAL TOOL IN UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTION OF
SEDIMENTARY BASINS

Niță Călin Constantin 1, Mariș Izabela 1, Munteanu Ioan 1,2

1
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
2
Institute of Geodynamics “Saba Stefanescu”, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of a couple of seismic attributes (Spectral
Decomposition and RMS Amplitude) in deciphering the evolution of various sedimentary basins.
The process of establishing the basin infill architecture and the depositional patterns is often truly
complicated and needs to be integrated in the complex tectonic framework of the studied area. This
is not essential only in the academic research, but it is vital as well in the oil and gas industry, in
order to have a better understanding of the distribution of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs. With its
help the interpreter can make use of the 3D essential property of providing continuous data, that can
be calibrated or not with boreholes. The lateral data continuity can be enhanced by application of
seismic trace attributes, providing both structural and sedimentological information if it is properly
used to drive the interpretation.
With this research we want to test and compare the results of the attribute extraction derived
interpretation in different tectonic settings; going from extensional tectonic settings, such as passive
margins (Browse Basin, Australia), to subduction-related basins (Nankai compressional zone, Japan),
we will unveil multiple sedimentary environments (fluvial, deltaic, deep marine – submarine fan
systems) in a seismic-stratigraphic framework.
The main taken from or study is that the use of 3D seismic attributes can be a very good tool, that
interpreters can use, for the definition of both structural and sedimentological features, independent
of tectonic framework, however, depended on the seismic data quality and the availability of well
data constrains.

30
 MODERN SEISMOLOGICAL METHODS TO ASSESS THE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE IN
INTRA-CARPATHIAN AREA IN THE FRAME OF ADRIAARRAY PROJECT

Andrei Bălă 1, Dragoș Tătaru 1, Dragoș Toma-Dănilă 1

1
National Institute of Research and Development for Earth Physics,
Magurele, Romania

ABSTRACT
A number of studies, using active seismic and seismological methods, have been performed in order to
derive the 1D and 2D seismic crustal models in western part of Romania. These studies integrated new
data emerged from permanent network of broadband stations in Romania, as well as data from
temporary networks established during joint projects with European partners that occurred in the last
decades. Such a joint project was South Carpathian Project (SCP), a cooperation between University of
Leeds, UK and National Institute for Earth Physics (NIEP), Romania. During this project 33 broadband
seismic stations autonomously operated were deployed in an area covering the western part of the
country and continuously provided seismologic data for almost two years (2009 - 2011).
The first results regarding the seismicity and crustal structure, using these late datasets, were presented
by Tataru et al. in 2015. The crustal structure from the joint inversion method was presented by Bala et al.
(2017) and showed indicates a thin crust in the eastern part of the Pannonian Basin (28-30 km), and
thicker in the Apuseni Mountains, where Moho discontinuity can be found between 31 - 33 km. The
Southern Carpathians are characterized by deeper Moho depths of about 32 - 36 km.
For the AdriaArray project, there will be 41 temporary stations installed in Romania, out of which 25
deployed in the Intra-Carpathian region beginning with the autumn of 2022. We will also have the
benefit of an increasing number of broadband seismic stations which are in the administration of
NIEP, installed in the last years, especially in the Transylvanian Basin and Intra-Carpathian area.
The method applied will be the joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh waves dispersion in
order to derive updated 1D and 2D seismic velocity models for the western part of Romania. These
models will be eventually transformed into a 3D image of the crustal structure of the Intra-
Carpathian area. We will also integrate the published research available in open access, with results
derived from different active seismic or seismological methods in order to complete the database
and the 3D image.
The goal is to use the Joint inversion of dispersion curves of the surface waves and receiver functions
in order to improve the 3D image of crustal structure in the area of Transylvanian Basin and Intra-
Carpathian area with data in the frame of the AdriaArray project.

31
 SEISMICITY PATTERNS IN THE VRANCEA NEST AND POSSIBLE TRIGGERING
MECHANISMS

Radulian Mircea 1,2,3, Kovács István János 4

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Magurele, Romania
2
Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
3
Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
4
Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science, Sopron, Hungary

ABSTRACT
The Vrancea source, located at the South-Eastern Carpathians arc bend in Romania, is a well-known
case of concentrated nest of seismicity generated in a narrow lithospheric slab at intermediate
depths (60 - 180 km). It is characterized by distinctive seismicity patterns that should be definitely
related to some intimate mechanisms of triggering and releasing seismic energy. The careful analysis
of the seismicity patterns offers a chance to elucidate fundamental questions still in doubt, such as
the oceanic or continental nature of the lithospheric slab, the geodynamics process that led to the
present-day setting in Vrancea, the mechanism that allows recursive energy release in such a narrow
seismogenic volume. Noteworthy patterns refer to specific segments in depth of seismic activity
relative enhancement or diminution, well-defined geometrical alignments for releasing seismic
energy, repeated earthquakes and aftershock productivity or prevalent focal mechanisms. According
to the present investigation, the presence of fluids, either through dehydration processes or through
various instability processes in the hydrous minerals (such as pargasite), plays a major role in the
production of earthquakes in Vrancea. At the same time, our interpretation is in favour of a first
paleo-subduction process of an oceanic plate followed by a delamination process to explain the
present-day seismic activity in Vrancea. The delamination of the lower part of the lithospheric
mantle becomes possible at ~100 km depth horizon, where pargasite and fluid or partial melts create
a prominent and localised weakness zone in the lithospheric mantle. Delamination can explain
various geodynamic features, such as the shift observed between the locations of the oceanic suture
zone in the crust and the Vrancea slab in the upper mantle, differential vertical movements
associated with slab-pull and asthenospheric rise, and the gradual change in magmatism from calc-
alkaline to adakitic-like and alkaline behind the Carpathians arc bend, as well as distinct seismicity
properties, associated with a change in frequency - magnitude distribution and focal mechanisms of
mantle earthquakes in the Vrancea zone at ~ 100 km depth.

32
 DOES VRANCEA LINE GO WEST?

Bogdan M. Popescu

ABSTRACT
The presence of the Vrancea Nappe beneath the Dacian Basin synkinematic and postectonic cover
from the SE Carpathians has been challenged for a while back (e.g., Paraschiv & Olteanu 1968, Pătruț
et al., 1973, Ștefănescu et al., 1984, 1985, 2000, Dicea 1996, Marica 2003, Mihai 2012, Schleder et al.,
2019). Available subsurface data shows its presence can be interpreted in the Bend Zone and eastern
Getian Basin.
It is proposed that the Vrancea Nappe is present in the Bend Zone, in a halfwindow west of the
Teleajen Valley and up to Dâmboviţa Fault (DF), which is here preliminarily called Dâmboviţa
Halfwindow. The Vrancea Nappe frontal line is tentatively outlined on some 60 km length to the
Getian Basin mainly based on the outwards disappearing of the pre-Burdigalian deposits in the
Pericarpathian Nappe. In addition, the subsurface information down to the drilled Oligocene
sequences shows the facies individuality of the Vrancea Nappe from the Dâmboviţa Halfwindow as
compared with the Tarcău Nappe one.

33
 ON THE SEISMIC WAVE ATTENUATION
AT THE BEND OF THE SOUTHEASTERN CARPATHIANS

Luminita Angela Ardeleanu 1, Cristian Neagoe 1, Anica Otilia Placinta 1, Alina Coman 1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania.

ABSTRACT
The seismic wave attenuation beneath the Vrancea region and surrounding zones has been
investigated in several studies, which followed various approaches and used distinct data sets: local
records of subcrustal low-to-moderate magnitude events, local strong motion data of moderate-to-
strong intermediate-depth earthquakes, teleseismic waveforms of moderate-to-strong Vrancea
events, records of teleseismic earthquakes collected by dense networks temporary installed in
Romania.
These works pointed out higher attenuation in the backarc zone (in the Transylvanian Basin), in the
mountain range, and in front of the Southeastern Carpathians bend (in the sedimentary basin
Focsani), and low attenuation in the extra-Carpathian area – in the East European Platform, Scythian
Platform and eastern portion of the Moesian Platform. The observed variations in attenuation have
been associated with the strong upper-mantle heterogeneity rather than the crustal features.
The seismic attenuation along a few crustal profiles crossing the Vrancea region and the adjacent
extra-Carpathian zone has been recently investigated using local records of small crustal events. The
results reveal significant variations of the quality factor Q, which can be clearly related to the
distribution of surface structural units. The retrieved Q-values are significantly lower for the ray
paths beneath the Vrancea mountain range and the Focsani foredeep basin, than for the profiles
which cross portions of the stable Moesian, Scythian and East European Platforms. The results
emphasize the significant contribution of the shallow structures to the overall attenuation pattern in
the region. As potential reasons for the crustal attenuation pattern, the significant variations in wave
scattering throughout the study region, and thermal anomalies in the crust can be mentioned.

34
 MAPPING THE MOST SEISMIC PRONE AREAS IN BANAT region

Vanciu Rău Adina 1,3, Toma-Dănilă Dragoș 1, Popa Mihaela 1,2, Lungu Mihail 3

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Magurele, Romania
2
Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
3
West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania

ABSTRACT
Located in the western part of Romania, Banat is regarded as one of the most active shallow
seismicity regions in the country. The seismic sources of Banat are characterized by crustal
earthquakes located at depths of maximum 30 km, scattered along the active fault system that
extends from the central Banat region towards the Danubian Region. The Banat Seismic Region has a
documented history of seismic sequences starting with the late XVIIth century. In the pre-
instrumental period, the data consists of macroseismic observations, followed by the early stage of
seismic monitoring at the beginning of the XXth century. In the area, the first seismic station was
installed in Timișoara and Jimbolia, starting in 1902. The quality of the collected data and seismic
instruments was considerably improved starting with the 1950s when the seismic network began to
expand systematically.
Based on available data regarding the historic earthquakes and existing data from the instrumental
period, also recently retrieved, the seismic events for Banat are presented in this paper. We rely on a
revised ROMPLUS catalogue, optimized and compiled, containing also data regarding focal
mechanisms for some bigger earthquakes. In order to highlight the destructive potential of Banat
earthquakes, we present representative damage scenarios, computed using the latest version of the
SeisDaRo system.

35
 SEISMICITY AND STRESS FIELD OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF ROMANIA
(MOLDAVIA)

Mihail Diaconescu1,2, Angela Petruta Constantin1, Eduard Gabriel Constantinescu1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania
2
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics, Romania

ABSTRACT
This paper highlights the crustal seismicity of the north-eastern part of the Romanian territory by
describing the seismic sources, their geometry, distribution of epicentral and hypocentral distances,
determination of seismic activity, maximum observed magnitude and estimate the maximum
possible earthquake magnitude, the type of earthquakes for each region and description of the stress
field.
The Northern and Central part of the Moldavian Platform and the Easter Carpathians Orogen has
only crustal seismic events, which, so far did not exceed Ms ≤ 5.2 and for depths of 5-20 km.
Seismicity has been observed in several areas along latitudinal faults separating compartments of
Carpathian Orogen and uplifting Platform with differential movements. Here we can mention the
earthquake occurred in Dorna Arini (Vatra Dornei area) on 10/15/1975 with Ms = 4 and the one
located close to the Trotuşului fault was recorded an earthquake, on 04.18.1956 with Ms = 4.5.
As it wasn’t observed any correlation between the epicenters and major faults, hence we interpreted
that these earthquakes are associated with small normal faults that were generated by a flexure
evolving in a brittle regime with the eastern side of the platform having a tendency to rise, while the
west side is immobilized as molasse deposits.
We note a single exception, the 24.06.2011 seismic sequence, which shows an epicentral distribution
perfectly aligned transversal to the Avrămeşti-Suceava fault with the entire system-oriented NNE -
SSW fault system. Note that the fault plane solution of the main shock indicates a dextral strike-slip
movement, with the northern compartment sliding to the east, where occurred also a thrusting of
the northern compartment over the southern compartment. Nordic compartment was uplifted and
moved eastward. The fault plane dips towards NNE.
Considering the orientation of stress fields, we can say that is consistent with direction of
longitudinal fault no matter what is the tectonic units type. For the Modavian Platform the tectonic
character is an transtensional type; For Neogene vulcanites formation the tectonic character is a pure
compressional one (reverse fault type), and for all North-Eastern part of Romania (Moldavia) it is a
pure strike slip.

36
 THE DATABASE FOR THE CATALOG OF ROMANIAN EARTHQUAKES

Raluca Dinescu 1,2, Mihaela Popa1,3, Andreea Chircea1, Daniela Ghica1, Bogdan Grecu1,
Cristian Neagoe1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics
3
Romanian Academy of Scientists

ABSTRACT
In the context of global seismicity, we can consider the seismicity of Romania as moderate. The
seismicity of Romania is characterised by events at crustal and intermediate-depths, spread in
different zones, with some high events in Vrancea region and sparse small events in the other
regions.
The Romanian Seismic Catalogue covers the time period 984-2022 and it is monthly updated. This
catalogue is a result of the location integration from several catalogues and studies and it is the basis
for research studies in the fields of crustal and depth determinations, seismic sources, seismic
hazards and risk assessments. Also, the ROMPLUS catalogue will contain references to the
documents used to evaluate the seismic events recorded in the pre-instrumental period, the studies
that followed strong earthquakes and after-shocks, macroseismic maps, other seismic catalogues
built for the Romanian territory by different authors, the event type.
The seismic zones determination was studied by researchers since the last century. The first studies
were mostly following only the geographical distribution of the seismicity. The following studies
were more focused on the tectonics units, faults and seismicity, correlating the main tectonic units
with the epicentral distributions.

37
 MACROSEISMOLOGY IN ROMANIA: PAST AND PRESENT PRACTICE

Angela Petruta Constantin1, Mihail Diaconescu1, Liviu Manea1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Magurele, Romania.

ABSRACT
As the only specialized institute in Romania, the National Institute of R&D for Earth Physics
(INCDFP) is in charge of the macroseismic survey for the effects of earthquakes occurred in
Romania. One of its main tasks is to collect the macroseismic data after each felt earthquake and to
determine the distribution of macroseismic intensity. The macroseismic intensity quantifies the
effects produced by earthquakes on the Earth's surface, being also a measure of the severity of
ground motion. The observable macroseismic effects are non-instrumental data on humans, objects,
buildings, and natural environment. This paper presents the evolution in collecting macroseismic
information over time through the analysis of questionnaires disseminated and collected in various
ways, and by using different methods and macroseismic scales to obtain the intensity values. The
present work also highlights the role and importance of macroseismology in knowing the history of
seismicity of a territory, a starting point for assessing seismic hazard and reducing seismic risk. In
the context of the importance of the macroseismic intensity for seismic hazard, and implicitly for
seismic risk studies, for Governmental institutions and insurance companies, at the INCDFP we are
concerned and focused on the quality and the quantity of macroseismic data. Reliable macroseismic
information can be used to increase seismic resilience and help to estimate earthquakes impact.
Macroseismology provides essential and unique data for recent earthquakes for which seismic
records are also available, being deeply complementary and not an alternative to instrumental
seismology.

Acknowledgements
This paper was carried out within Nucleu Program MULTIRISC supported by MCI, project number
PN19080102, Phenomenal Project PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-1693, 480PED/2020 and AFROS Project
PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1361, 119 PCE/2021, supported by UEFISCDI.

38
 ANALYSIS OF STATION CORRECTIONS FOR EARTHQUAKES IN ROMANIA USING
JHD (JOINT HYPOCENTER DETERMINATION) TECHNIQUE

Mihai Marius1,4, Radulian Mircea1,2,3, Popa Mihaela1,3

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Calugareni 12, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
2
Romanian Academy, Bucharest.
3
Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania.
4
Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.

ABSTRACT
Romania has a dynamic and complex seismic activity characterized by a moderate rate of
earthquakes originating both in the crust and in the mantle (Vrancea source). Earthquakes show
specific characteristics depending on the areas where they are generated. In accordance with their
particular features, different seismogenic zones are defined as areas with clustered seismicity where
seismic activity and the orientation of the stress field are considered relatively uniform.
Seismic activity occurring within a specific area is of significant importance when characterizing the
seismotectonics of the area and associated seismic hazard. Obviously, the earthquake catalogues are
essential in performing such analyses.
The main purpose of the present study is to optimize the present-day catalogue of Romanian
earthquakes (ROMPLUS). In its current form the catalogue was obtained using the Antelope
software and the standard IASPEI velocity model with no corrections included for the lateral velocity
variations. We selected a subset of events recorded between 2016 and 2021 in ROMPLUS for which
we determined a new 1-D velocity model as the optimum model for Romania. Then, by applying a
JHD technique, we evaluated the station corrections that account for the lateral structural
perturbation in the seismic wave propagation relative to the optimum 1- D model. Station
corrections are considered separately for shallow and intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes and
significant differences between the two groups of events are emphasized attributed to local effects
beneath the station and strong lateral variations in the deeper structure as well.
The key result of this study is to show the importance of treating the issue of corrections at the
Romanian stations separately for crustal events and intermediate-depth events, and to evaluate and
introduce corrections in the routine location procedure. The results obtained provide a well-founded
starting point for improving Romanian catalogue parameters with better and more homogeneous
locations and more accurate localizations.

39
 AN IMPROVED 1-D SEISMIC VELOCITY MODEL FOR THE ACTIVE TECTONIC
DEFORMATION AREA OF THE SOUTH-WESTERN CARPATHIANS

Raluca Dinescu 1,2, Felix Borleanu1, Mihaela Popa1,3, Marian Ivan2, Ioan Munteanu2

1
National Institute for Earth Physics
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics
3
Romanian Academy of Scientists

ABSTRACT
The seismic activity in Romania is mainly distributed along the Carpathian Orogen, with the greatest
extent at the bending of the Eastern Carpathians, in the Vrancea region. Here, crustal seismicity
overlaps the intermediate-depth earthquakes that generate the largest deformations due to the
occurrence of 2-4 large magnitude events (M>7) each century, which causes the highest seismic
hazard in Eastern Europe.
A notable crustal seismic activity also affects the southwestern Carpathian Bend at the connection
with Balkanides generating low to moderate size earthquakes. The seismic activity is connected to
the active tectonic deformation and pull-apart basins formation as a result of the right lateral
movements at the contact between the Carpathians and the Moesian Platform. To better decipher
the tectonic processes and infer the crustal properties within such a complex area, we selected 805
small to moderate (1 ≤ Mw ≤ 5) crustal events (1 ≤ H(km) ≤ 35) generated in the southwestern
Carpathians area between 2015 and 2021. The events have been recorded by 107 seismic stations
providing 9668 P and 9772 S-waves arrivals which were inverted using the VELEST algorithm to
determine an accurate 1-D P and S -wave velocity structure.
The resulted station corrections show an excellent correlation with the local geology, with relocated
hypocentres mostly distributed in the upper and middle crust. Our results also show more accurate
locations with an overall decrease in the root mean square location errors (RMS) of up to 5% .

40
 A STUDY OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION OF THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY USING 20
YEARS OF CONTINUOUS GNSS (cGNSS) OBSERVATIONS

Alexandra Muntean 1, Boudewijn Ambrosius 2, Victor Mocanu 3, Eduard Nastase 1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania
2
Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Netherlands
3
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Romania

ABSTRACT
With this study, we aim to obtain a better understanding of the tectonic processes and sub-surface
geodynamic processes that result in (small) surface motions in Romania. We are particularly
interested in the Eastern Carpathians Bending Zone (Vrancea region), where strong deep
earthquakes occur. Tomographic data reveal a significant anomaly in this region. Furthermore, we
are interested in the tectonic interaction between the Eurasian, Aegean, and African plates. For this
purpose, we processed 20 years of daily cGNSS data of various networks in Romania (more than 100
stations), using the GipsyX software. The time series of daily solutions were subsequently converted
to linear surface velocity estimates in a Eurasian reference frame. This resulted in a dense horizontal
and vertical surface velocity map covering the entire Romanian territory. To put our results in a
broader perspective we also included similar results, published in open-source online literature, for
countries around Romania. The velocity fields line up very well. In total, after careful editing, the
velocity field of the extended Romanian region comprises 255 unique cGNSS stations, many of them
with multiple solutions from the different datasets.
For the moment we come to the following preliminary conclusions. First of all, all horizontal velocity
vectors in Romania are very small, ranging from 0.0 mm/yr in the north to 1.5 mm/yr in the south.
There seems to be an NS gradient, which increases south of the Carpathians. This gradient further
increases in Bulgaria and northern Greece. We feel that this may be an indication of plate-stretching
due to the motion of the Aegean plate in combination with slab-rollback of the African plate relative
to the Eurasian plate. Secondly, most of the stations show a small, but significant, downward motion
of 1.0 -2.0 mm/yr. The exact reason is still unclear, but it may be related to the instability of the
cGNSS antenna fixtures, although we see this phenomenon also in other European networks. In
contrast, most stations in or near the Eastern Carpathians Bending Zone exhibit only very small
vertical motions. So, there may be a correlation with the tomographic anomaly. This needs further
investigation. In general, we are delighted with the quality of the cGNSS data and their contribution
to geoscience.

Acknowledgments
This research was carried out within the NUCLEU project, MULTIRISC Program which is supported
by the Ministry of Research and Innovation, project nr. PN19080201 and SETTING project,
cofounded by the Regional Development European Fund (FEDR) through the Operational
Competitivity Programme 2014-2020, Contract No. 336/390012. The GipsyX software is licensed to
the Department of Geophysics of the University of Bucharest (UNIBUC). The authors thank Prof.
Wim Spakman from Utrecht University in the Netherlands for sharing his tomographic data with us.

41
 DETECTION OF ANOMALOUS GEOMAGNETIC PRECURSOR SIGNALS USING
POLARIZATION AND DIURNAL VARIATION PROCESSING METHODS

Iren-Adelina Moldovan 1, Andrei Mihai 1, Victorin Toader 1, Cristian Ghita1, Liviu Manea1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Calugareni 12, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.

ABSTRACT
Our study aims to detect anomalous geomagnetic precursor signals appearing before Vrancea,
Romania medium sized earthquakes, that occurred in the last decade, using two processing
methods. During the study period, in Vrancea seismogenic zone there have been recorded 25
earthquakes with moment magnitude Mw>4.5, both at normal and intermediate depth. We have
assumed that the zone of effective manifestation of the precursor deformations is a circle with the
radius taken from the equation of Dobrovolsky, 1979. The Geomagnetic data are obtained from
Muntele Rosu (MLR) Seismological Observatory of NIEP, situated inside Vrancea seismogenic zone
as a primary station, and from Surlari (SUA) National Geomagnetic Observatory (part of
International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network), as a remote station, unaffected by medium
size earthquake preparedness processes. Geomagnetic indices taken from GFZ (https://www.gfz-
potsdam.de/kp-index) were used to separate the global magnetic variation from possible local
seismo-electromagnetic anomalies, that might appear in a seismic area like Vrancea zone and to
ensure that observed geomagnetic fluctuations are not caused by solar-terrestrial effect.
The first processing method, (polarization method) was performed on both stations data to compute
the ratio of vertical to total horizontal component in ultra-low frequency range, and to correlate the
results between the two stations. A special attention was given to periods preceding the Mw>5.0
events. Using the ratio of vertical to total horizontal component and the statistical nonparametric
correlation coefficients, i.e., the correlation coefficient of the ranks ρ (rho) Spearman between the
ratios at two geomagnetic stations, we found out that the method is useful both to detect seismic
events during low correlation periods, but also to identify bad or missing data on past magnetic
records. All earthquakes occurred during low correlation periods. The second processing method is
using the ratio of the diurnal geomagnetic variation at two stations, ratio that should be stable in
calm periods and could be destroyed by the phenomena that can occur during the preparation of an
earthquake, when at the station inside the seismogenic zone, the underground conductivity would
change, or additional currents would appear. As a first conclusion, we can mention the fact that the
only visible disturbances appear before some earthquakes in Vrancea with Mw> 5.5, when we see a
differentiation of the two recordings due to possible local internal phenomena at MLR.

Acknowledgements: This work was funded by: PN19 08 01 01/2019 Multirisc Nucleu Project, by
MCD, Phenomenal Project PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-1693, 480PED/2020 and AFROS Project PN-III-
P4-ID-PCE-2020-1361, PCE/2021 supported by UEFISCDI

42
 RELATIONSHIP AMONG SEISMIC ENERGY RELEASE AND THE ANOMALOUS
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD VARIATIONS RECORDED AT MUNTELE ROSU
(VRANCEA ZONE)

Andrei Mihai 1,2, Victorin Emilian Toader1, Iren-Adelina Moldovan 1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania.
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Romania

ABSTRACT
The magnetometer at Muntele Rosu, located near the Vrancea seismic zone, has been measuring the
variation in the geomagnetic field since 1997. Ever since then, variations have been observed on the
eastern component (By) of the magnetic field, and sometimes these variations overlapped with
significant earthquakes. This study proposes to investigate the link between anomalous geomagnetic
variations recorded at Muntele Rosu and the occurrence of the intermediate-depth earthquakes
from the Vrancea area. The datasets recorded at Muntele Rosu (MLR) were overlapped with the
datasets recorded at Surlari National Geomagnetic Observatory (SUA). In this way, global magnetic
variations resulting from solar activity were distinguished from possible seismo-electromagnetic
variations in a seismic area-like Vrancea zone. The geomagnetic data were also correlated with the
daily geomagnetic indices taken from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
for identification of solar storms. Along with each anomaly identified the daily seismic energy
released was plotted logarithmically. It was noticed that high decreases in amplitude recorded on
(By) component of the magnetic field measured at Muntele Rosu are accompanied by high seismicity
and small decreases are accompanied by low seismic energy release.
To confirm this observation, the standard deviation (SDBy) was calculated for each anomaly recorded
on the By component of the magnetic field and compared with seismic energy release . Additionally,
to identify whether this type of variation is encountered on the other components of the magnetic
field, the following Bz/Bx, Bz/By, and BH/Bz ratios were performed for all data recorded at Muntele
Rosu. The By component variation for each anomaly was calculated using the standard deviation.
The standard deviation measured on the By component (SD By) partially validates the relationship
between the size of the anomalies and the seismic energy release during the anomaly. This happens
because solar activity plays an important role in calculating the standard deviation on any
component of the magnetic field. The difference between Surlari (SD By) and Montele Rosu
(SDBy) indicates an abnormal behavior of the magnetic field measured at Muntele Rosu, which could
be related to a possible seismo-electromagnetic variation.

Acknowledgements: This work was funded by: PN19 08 01 01/2019 Multirisc Nucleu Project, by MC,
Phenomenal Project PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-1693, 480PED/2020 and AFROS Project PN-III-P4-ID-
PCE-2020-1361, PCE/2021 supported by UEFISCDI

43
 MONITORING DEEP-ORIGIN FLUIDS IN THE CARPATHIAN BEND INTERIOR:
INTRODUCTION TO AN UNFOLDING RESEARCH

Alexandru Szakács1, Csaba Szabó2, István János Kovács3

on behalf of the TopoTransylvania team

1
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest.
2
Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab (LRG), Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary.
3
Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science, Hungary

ABSTRACT
Surface gas, in particular carbon dioxide, emanations are numerous and well known for long in the
closer or farther vicinity of the East Carpathian Neogene-Quaternary volcanic range, including both
dry (mofettes) and wet (carbonated mineral water) occurrences. They are traditionally referred to as
being the most prominent manifestations of ‘postvolcanic activity’, suggesting a genetic link with the
volcanic activity unfolded along this range. Explicitly or implicitly magma chambers feeding the
volcanic activity are considered as their source. However, during the last few decades ever increasing
research results were accumulated which question this traditional interpretation. They include:
presence of CO2 emanations far away from the volcanic area, lack of correlation with the age of
latest volcanic activity in the closest-located volcanic area, mantle signature of CO2-carried He
isotopes. These findings are valid for the Carpathian bend interior area too, the research target of the
TopoTransylvania project.
Alternative hypotheses emerged suggesting a much deeper (than crustal magma chambers) source
for the surface gas emanations present both in the closer vicinity of, and more distant from, the most
recent volcanic manifestations of the Ciomadul volcano. For example, such strong gaseous
‘postvolcanic manifestations’ are abundant in and around Covasna spa, located farther east from
Ciomadul volcano, but equally distant from the Vrancea seismic zone across the mountains to the
east. These circumstances combined with the emergence of a new paradigm-shifting hypothesis (i.e.,
the ‘pargasosphere hypothesis’, Kovács et al., 2021) applicable to the Carpathians and the Vrancea
seismic zone, shed a new light not only on the geodynamic background of the Carpathian bend area,
including the Vrancea seismic nest, but also on the origin of the CO2-dominated surface gas
emanations in the area. Moreover, the new approach implies that monitoring of the Vrancea seismic
zone by using CO2 and related gas emanations could be a key to fingerprint seismic precursory
activity. Consequently, as part of the TopoTransylvania project, instrumental monitoring of both
diffuse (soil-intermediated) and focused (mofette) gas emanations started to be implemented in
Covasna town. A gas concentration measuring equipment is already deployed in a mofette supplying
continuous online information, whereas an integrated geodynamic station, experimented at the
Balaton lake shore in Hungary, is going to be installed soon in the same area to monitor soil gas
parameters, magnetotelluric signals and seismic activity. Preliminary experimental results are
presented.

44
 POSTVOLCANIC PROCESSES SUGGESTED BY THE MINOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS
CONTENT OF COLD FRESHWATER BODIES LOCATED WITHIN THE CIOMADUL
QUATERNARY VOLCANO

Constantin Marin 1, Florina Chitea 2,3,4, Maria-Lidia Nuţu-Dragomir 2,4, Lucica Niculae2,4,
Alin Tudorache 1, Horia Mitrofan 2,

2
“Sabba Ştefănescu” Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
1
“Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
3
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest,
Bucharest, Romania
4
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics, Romania

ABSTRACT
According to previous investigations, Ciomadul volcano, in the East Carpathians, has
discontinuously erupted between about 1 Ma and 30 ka ago. Despite the relatively long duration of
the current dormancy period, the volcanic magma reservoir could still be partly molten, as suggested
by nearby outflows of magmatic gases and thermo-mineral water. But such fluid discharges have so
far been detected just on the lower slopes of the volcanic edifice: in contrast, the only two obvious
crater structures, St. Ana and Mohoş, are presently occupied by cold freshwater lakes. An aquifer
saturated with fresh and cold groundwater was identified as well, by means of a domestic well dug
on the ridge separating the craters. By analyzing the contents of minor and trace elements (Ba, Sr,
Rb, Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ga, As) of the two lakes and of the nearby groundwater body,
we attempted to acquire information on the hydrochemical processes which operated within the
corresponding upper segment of the volcanic edifice.
Overall considered, both lakes, as well as the groundwater, display rather similar signatures in terms
of minor and trace elements, most probably ensuing to the dissolution of a common substratum of
igneous rocks. Anomalous behaviours were however noticed in the case of strontium (Sr) and
lithium (Li). The water of both lakes is significantly depleted in Sr as compared to the groundwater,
possibly because of the intense alteration undergone in the past by the lake bottom deposits,
resulting in advanced removal of that relatively mobile element. The Li concentrations in Mohoş
lake and in the groundwater are very similar with each other, but far larger (by almost two orders of
magnitude) than the corresponding concentration of St. Ana lake. This circumstance could indicate -
given that Li is very mobile and likely present in magmatic gas - that “concealed” inputs of such
volatiles still occur in the proximity of Mohoş crater (where also the domestic well intercepting the
aquifer is located); in contrast, St. Ana crater receives no similar gas inflows, and neither seems to be
its lake connected to the aquifer identified on the ridge separating the two craters.

45
DEEP CO2 GAS EMANATION LINKED TO LITHOSPHERIC SCALE DEFORMATIONS IN
THE SOUTHEASTERN CARPATHIANS

Thomas Pieter Lange1,2,3,4, László Palcsu5, Alexandru Szakács6, Ákos Kővágó2,7,

OrsolyaGelencsér2,3, Ágnes Gál8, Sándor Gyila9, Tivadar M. Tóth10, Liviu Mațenco11,
Csaba Krézsek12, László Lenkey13, Csaba Szabó1,2, István János Kovács1,4
1
Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary.
2
Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University,
Budapest, Hungary. 3 Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,
Hungary. 4 MTA FI Lendület Pannon LitH2Oscope Research Group, Hungary. 5 Isotope Climatology and
Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary.
6
Institution of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania. 7 Doctoral School of Earth
Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. 8 Department of Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 9 Dr. Benedek Géza Rehabilitation Hospital, Covasna, Romania. 10 Department of
Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, University of Szeged, Hungary. 11 Utrecht University, Faculty of
Geosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 12 OMV Petrom, Romania. 13 Department of Geophysics and Space
Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary.

ABSTRACT
Understanding the connection between deep-originated fluids, lithospheric-scale deformation and surface
gas emanation in deep-seated deformation settings a multidisciplinary approach of geology, geophysical
and geochemistry is required. In our study, we investigated the origin of H2O, CO2 and noble gasses of CO2-
rich springs found in the Covasna (Târgu Secuiesc basin) located in the southeasternmost part of the
Carpathian-Pannonian region. We measured the δ2H and δ18O stable isotopic ratio of the spring waters and
the 3He/4He and δ13C stable isotopic ratio of the emanating CO2-rich gasses dissolved in the same spring
waters in three localities within Covasna city and its vicinity. Based on the δ2H, δ13C, δ18O stable isotopic
ratio results, the spring waters and majority (~75 %) of the gasses originate from a metamorphic source.
The metamorphic signal of the uprising H2O can be overwritten by the local groundwater flow and, thus,
the preservation of the deep signal is topographically controlled. This type of overwriting is absent in case of
the dissolved gasses as they show a very small stable isotopic ratio range. In addition, helium (R/Ra) stable
isotopic ratios suggest that ~25 % of the emanating gasses have a potential upper mantle source. Beneath
the Southeastern Carpathians, mantle fluids can originate from the dehydration of the sinking slab
(magmatic and metamorphic stable isotopic signal) hosting the Vrancea seismogenic zone or from the
associated local asthenospheric upwelling (magmatic stable isotopic signal). The flux of the mantle fluids is
enhanced by lithospheric-scale weakening zones that also support the inflow from the upper mantle into
the lower crust. Mantle fluids may induce the release of crustal fluids by initiating decarbonisation and
devolatilization metamorphic reactions (metamorphic stable isotopic signal) in the lower and middle crust.
Based on the p-T-X(CO2) conditions of calc-silicates and the local geotherm, we emphasise the importance
of the upwelling fluids in the release of crustal fluids and propose a multistage evolution for fluid generation
and migration. Our observations in the Southeastern Carpathians show a strong similarity to other deep-
seated deformation zones worldwide (e.g., Himalayas, Alps, San Andreas Fault) making it a good natural
example to understand the connection between the deep sources of gas emanations and deep-
seated deformation zones. We infer that deep fluids may play a more important role than
temperature in the generation of crustal fluids in deep-seated deformation zones.
46
 THE IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING AND SAMPLING RADON AND CO 2 SOIL-GAS
FOR THE INSTALLATION OF AN INTEGRATED GEODYNAMIC STATION

Ákos Kővágó 1, Thomas Pieter Lange1, Orsolya Gelencsér1, Alexandru Szakács2, Ágnes Gál3,
Sándor Gyila4, László Palcsu5, Csaba Szabó1 and István János Kovács6

1
Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab (LRG), Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
2
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest
3
Department of Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
4
Dr. Benedek Géza Rehabilitation Hospital, Covasna, Romania
5
Isotope Climatology and Department of Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear
Research (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary
6
Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science, Sopron, Hungary

ABSTRACT
This research is part of the Dutch-Hungarian-Romanian Topo-Transylvania cooperation and the
MTA FI Lendület Pannon LitH2Oscope project and it is connected to the topic of the Integrated
Geodynamic Station built in Badacsonytördemic (Balaton Highlands, Hungary). The station’s main
task is to monitor the change in seismic activity, electrical conductivity and the flux of volatiles
within the earth’s interior over time in a geologically well-studied area where recent and active
geodynamic processes are known. A detailed description about the Integrated Geodynamic Station
the reader is referred to Kovács et al., 2022, this conference. For the station to work efficiently a gas
rich soil near a deep-seated tectonic structure should be found. To find this location based on the
geological, geochemical and geophysical literature data, we outlined a broader area to place it into
close to the vicinity of deep-seated weakening zone (e.g., the Balaton line) and associated faults.
Considering these aspects, the most suitable location in Hungary the Bakony-Balaton Highland
Volcanic Field were selected. After pinpointing several suitable locations, we carried out more
detailed research to mark out the exact location of the station. For this purpose, based on the
experiences of previous studies in similar topics we designed a field work protocol utilising suitable
analytical techniques. Our protocol includes soil-drilling, radon and CO2 measurements and soil-gas
sampling for stable isotopic studies. Based on our research we conclude that our fieldwork protocol
designed for the selection of suitable sites for an Integrated Geodynamic Stations appears to be
feasible for its purpose. Consequently, it can be implemented elsewhere, such as the Carpathian
Bend area in Romania, to monitor active geodynamic processes.

47
 RESULTS FROM THE FIRST INTEGRATED GEODYNAMIC STATION
IN CENTRAL EUROPE

István János Kovács1,2, Csaba Szabó1,3, Alexandru Szakács4, Thomas Pieter Lange1,2,5, Ákos
Kővágó1,2,6, Orsolya Gelencsér1,2,5, Ágnes Gál7, Márta Berkesi1,2, Nóra Liptai1,2, Levente Pakó1,2,
László Palcsu8

1
Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary.
2
MTA FI Lendület Pannon LitH2Oscope Research Group, Hungary.
3
Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd
University, Budapest, Hungary.
4
Institution of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
5
Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
6
Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
7
Department of Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
8
Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research
(ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary.

ABSTRACT
Recent result in geochemistry suggest that the solidifying melt content of the cooling, partially
molten asthenosphere beneath areas of thin lithosphere, such as the Pannonian Basin, may also be a
significant source of volatiles, especially CO2. This is because CO2 cannot be incorporated into the
minerals that crystallise as the asthenosphere cools, so it becomes enriched in CO 2 fluids. The flow of
these fluids towards the surface is also strongly influenced by the stresses building up in the
lithosphere. We propose that there are also signs that the combined observation of CO 2-rich surface
emanations and earthquakes may provide an opportunity to identify anomalies that may precede
earthquakes. The research is based on the Dutch-Hungarian-Romanian Topo-Transylvania
cooperation, which has been ongoing for more than five years and targets to deepen the
understanding of the complex geological processes in the Carpathian bend. The Carpathian bend is
one of the tectonically most dynamic areas in Europe and includes the highly earthquake-prone
Vrancea zone. Due to the pandemic, the prototype of the Integrated Geodynamic Station had to be
built in Hungary, in the Balaton Highlands. A suitable location to achieve the technical objectives
was found in Badacsonytördemic. By simultaneously monitoring seismic activity, the flux of volatiles
from the Earth’s interior, meteorological parameters and the electromagnetic properties of the
subsurface, this internationally unique station can play a key role in fingerprinting signals that
precede earthquakes and better understanding the global carbon cycle. The integrated geodynamic
station analyse the composition of gases (CO2, CxHy, S and N components) at the surface
continuously and accurately using an infrared spectrometer. It also simultaneously monitors seismic
activity and changes in the conductivity of the lithosphere at the location of the station. The most
important goal is to identify precursors prior to earthquakes in the time series of gas compositions,
conductivities of the Earth’ lithosphere and seismic events. Our results highlight that CO 2 flux may
have been increased prior to two, relatively close low magnitude earthquakes which is a promising
sing for future research.

48
Session 2: Application of near-surface geophysics for environmental
risks and geohazards
 GEOPHYSICAL SOLUTIONS FOR MUNICIPAL LANDFILLS MANAGEMENT

Florina Chitea 1,2,3, Ilias Fikos 4, Lucian Pavel 5

1
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Romania
2
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics, Romania
3
Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
4
Laboratory of Applied Geophysics, Thessaloniki University, Greece
5
Klarwin, Romania

ABSTRACT
A major goal for municipal waste deposits is to secure environmental safety and to find cost-effective
solutions for sustainable landfills. Municipal solid waste (MSW) deposits were for a long time
considered a major environmental issue due to severe environmental quality degradation in their
proximity, on long term. Besides air pollution and unpleasant odor (given by the hydrogen sulfide
(H2S) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), underground geological formations and
groundwater pollution resulting from leachate spills were common problems. Explosions of methane
coming from the decomposition of waste, spontaneous fires, and waste landslides are other hazards
possible to be encountered at municipal landfills deposits and, besides the environmental impact,
such events can also lead to casualties (March 2017, Koshe landslide killed 116 people). As a
consequence of lessons learned from the past, worldwide are made efforts for selective collection of
waste, to reduce the amount of waste deposited in landfills, and to design, construct and manage the
landfills in such a manner in order to minimize the negative environmental effects.
Despite technical improvements and imposed regulations for new waste deposit placement,
challenges in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) still remain, even for controlled and
sanitary landfills. In such a context, we have considered adapting geophysical methods for waste
deposit bottom sealing verification, waste body scanning, slope stability assessment, and cover
evaluation.
For this paper, we selected results using geophysical methods for scanning the body of the deposited
waste in a closed “dry-tomb” model landfill as well as in active aerobic bioreactor landfill. In both
cases, Electrical Resistivity Tomography 2D data were acquired using a multi-electrode and
multichannel system and a specially designed hybrid array necessary to increase the density of the
measured points on each profile (up to 2000 values). Data was used to obtain the 3D distribution of
resistivity values within the landfill and to trace the low moisture content volumes as well as to
observe the leachate flow path and accumulation zones. Such information is of major interest for
adequate recirculation of the leachate which is necessary in order to maintain an active
decomposition environment or enhance decomposition where is necessary. Given the results, it is
considered that an integrated multi-parameter monitoring program based on geophysical techniques
can help in reaching the aim of having space-saving and sustainable landfills.

Acknowledgements: The work in this paper resulted trough a cooperation between Romanian
Society of Applied Geophysics, Klarwin and Laboratory of Applied Geophysics of Thessaloniki
University.

50
 GPR (GROUND PENETRATING RADAR) SURVEY AT TANIR-YASSIHÖYÜK;
SOUTHEAST, TURKİYE

Fırat Yiğit 1, Serkan Özçelik2, Elif Baştürk 3

1
Ser Geophysical Engineering Company, Turkey
2
Ser Geophysical Engineering Company, Turkey
3
Asst. Prof. Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Turkey

ABSTRACT
Tanır Yassıhöyük is located near the village of Bozyer approximately 20 km north of the Afşin district
of Kahramanmaraş Province and 4 km south of the Tanır district. The mound is laid on a rocky area
just on the west side of Hurman Stream. It can be considered within the scope of large sized mounds
with 260 x 160 m. extent and 17 m in height. The upper part of the mound, which was probably
surrounded by a wall, is flat. The southern skirts of the mound, which are a state-protected
archaeological area, borders Bozyer. The mound was identified by William Ramsay in the 1890s and
drew the attention of scholars and general public due to its location and impressive dimensions.
Archaeological excavations started in 2021 on the mound and continued in 2022. Studies from 2021
revealed that it was occupied from Chalcolithic Age to the Late Iron Age. Considering the
dimensions and morphological structure of the mound, archaeological examinations indicate a
multi-layered settlement with buildings of different sizes, which requires a multidisciplinary
approach in order to study it; it was, thus, decided to carry out geophysical studies on some parts of
the mound.
In the second season of archaeological explorations of the hoyuk (mound), geophysical surveys were
planned to decide what areas should be further investigated through excavation. Using the GPR
survey, we aimed to shine new light on the form of the structures at the mound. GSSI UtilityScan
System 350Hs antenna was used for the survey with a focus of 5,00-meter depth from the surface.
The survey areas have been chosen with the purpose of understanding the plan of the hoyuk
(mound), based on the findings from the archaeological surveys.
Following the GPR survey and data processing resulted a 3-D geophysical model of the buried
structures. Depth slices from various depth intervals were extracted from the 3-D geophysical model
to see different structures attributed to different eras and civilizations. The depth slices were
overlapped on the georeferenced aerial photo and then used for selecting the excavation areas. After
the first area was excavated approximately 0,50 meters, the revealed structures were compared with
the corresponding depth slices of the GPR survey, and it has been noticed that the geophysical
results are fitted excellently. Therefore, future excavations planned for next year will be guided by
GPR results and the survey will be extended for the rest of the mound.

51
 NEAR-SURFACE GEOPHYSICS FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION SITE
ASSESSMENT – CASE STUDIES

Florina Chitea1,2,3, Victor-Cristian Sandu1, Nicolae Cruceru4, Stefan Brasov 1,

Vlad George Cruceru5

1
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
2
“Sabba Ştefănescu” Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest,
3
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics, Romania
4
“Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
5
Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
Over the years, the functionality of terrains, as well as the routes of underground utilities, may
change significantly and in most cases, there is a lack of information regarding such aspects. In large
urban areas, such as Bucharest City, the situation can be even more complex and, parcels considered
for construction can contain buried debris from old-demolished buildings or even be a former debris
deposit. Following the impact of the strongest earthquakes that occurred in the Vrancea area (1940 -
7,7 Mw and 1977- 7,4 Mw), a large quantity of debris resulting formed from construction materials of
the collapsed or partially destroyed buildings was dumped on the outskirts of the City, locations that
in recent years started to be considered for building residential neighborhoods.
Not, at last, underground voids having different utilization can be contained and it is important to
know in advance about their existence as some of them might be of archaeological importance, they
can be bunkers or structures whose use is reactivated in exceptional cases (for example during
wartime) or they may protect pipes or underground cables which are still in use.
Regarding these aspects, this paper discusses the necessity of pre-assessment of a perimeter
considered for construction by means of the near-surface geophysical surveys and presents several
case studies performed with such objectives. Selected case studies are based on the use of electrical
and electromagnetic methods for taking the irregular contour of an old building and evaluating the
condition of the filling material used for covering the former basement, the usage of a shallow-depth
conductivity meter for assessment of a yard for which existed the suspicion of terrain inhomogeneity
following works for reducing terrain subsidence under heavy loads and the evaluation by means of
the Ground Penetrating Radar of an inner yard with the main purpose of tracking underground voids
resulted from old anthropogenic interventions.
The results obtained from the measurements showed that the geophysical methods are optimal in
determining the state of the underground affected by anthropogenic works and demonstrate the
need to undertake geophysical surveys for pre-construction site assessments.

52
 COMPARING LANDSLIDE OCCURRENCE PREDICTION (GIS PRODUCT)
WITH RESULTS OF GROUND INSPECTION AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
MEASUREMENTS – EXAMPLES FROM DAMBOVITA COUNTY

Florina Chitea1,2,3, Stefan Brasov1, Ioan Andrei Voda-Marc4,5, Nicolae Cruceru6 , Lucica
Niculae2,3, Lidia- Maria Nutu Dragomir 2,3, Mihail Diaconescu3,7, Mihaela-Violeta Gheorghe 4,
Victor-Cristian Sandu1

1
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest,
2
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy, 3Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics
4
Faculty of Geography, University Of Bucharest, 5 C.N.A.I.R. SA-CESTRIN,
6
Institute of Speleology, Romanian Academy
7
National Institute of Earth Physics, Romania

ABSTRACT
When necessary to evaluate the landslide susceptibility, the first approach consists in using the
methodology recommended in national standards which is based on GIS - Spatial Multi-Criteria
Evaluation, performed in Romania according to HG 447/2003 (semi-quantitative method based on 8
criteria).
Most of the time the evaluation is made using available national datasets, which are not all updated
to the present moment. If for the precipitation regime one can refer to NASA’s Global Precipitation
Measurement Mission (GPM) datasets which provide updates in quasi-real time (at every 30
minutes) upon Earth’s rain and snowfall (at 10km resolution for the entire globe), for other factors
the available resources can be old and even outdated or with unsatisfactory resolution. In the context
of climate change and anthropic intervention, which influence factors like the groundwater table
level, land coverage, and its utilization, and even can produce changes in river courses, it is essential
to verify the accuracy of predictions based on GIS assessment with field observation.
Such a test was performed by the authors in the north part of the central region of Dambovita
County, covering the area between Pucioasa - Fieni City and surrounding villages. Using as inputs
the parameters (geological, geomorphological, structural, hydroclimatic, hydrogeological, seismic,
forestry, and anthropic) and formula included in the national regulation in force for the landslide
hazard zoning a fast forecast of the stability of the slopes was generated. In the second stage, several
locations where the calculated Km resulted to be between 0.1-0.5, meaning “medium potential” for
landsliding were directly inspected. The visual inspection showed that detachments of soil were in
process or occurred in the past at all verified locations, having different intensities and variable
extent. Following such results, three of the locations were also investigated by means of a
geophysical survey. The deployed methods were electromagnetic induction for shallow soil
detachment evaluation and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) in the areas where a deeper
sliding surface was expected. The ground-based geophysical investigation results allowed us to
evaluate the underground geological conditions and internal landslide triggering factors.

Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude to the Pucioasa City Hall officials for
ensuring access to the Gypsum Quarry and the geotechnical documentation provided.

53
 USING MULTIDISCIPLINARY GEOPHYSICAL METHODS AS A COMPLEMENT TO
THE TOPO-GEODETIC MONITORING OF HYDROPOWER DAMS

Alexandra Georgiana Gerea 1,2,3, Andrei Emilian Mihai 1,2,3

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania
2
University of Bucharest, Romania
3
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

ABSTRACT
The monitoring program of hydropower plants and dams in Romania includes topo-geodetic surveys
that are useful to detect relevant deformations and displacements of the units, but geophysical
methods are not currently the standard norm. As Romania is trying to meet its target from the Paris
Agreement on climate change, taking care of already built hydropower structures, prolonging their
life and ensuring their safety, with the use of additional monitoring methods for the assessment of
the structures and the surrounding areas, represents not only a necessity but also a more sustainable
and modern approach on the issue.
In this paper, the topo-geodetic data has been considered for a variety of hydropower dams in the
Caras-Severin and Hateg county, Romania, along with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys, and
airborne photogrammetry for the purpose of integrating the data and deriving new and modern ways
to monitor this type of units.
By means of the GPR measurements performed on the dam crest, it is possible to observe potential
forms of deterioration in the first few meters, and correlations have been made with the topo-
geodetic data. Drones have also proved their efficiency in offering important information regarding
the hydropower units and surrounding areas especially in the areas affected by land displacements.
Such information is of a great support for planning further geophysical surveys, and the method has
been even proved to offer support for geophysical data positioning as a fast and low-cost alternative
to GNSS positioning surveys.
Using the newest equipment acquired by the INFP (National Institute of Earth Physics, Romania)
through the CRESCENTO project (Increasing the research capacity in the field of seismology and
engineering seismology at the Seismological observatories and stations within the National Seismic
Network) different types of hydropower dams from Romania will be subject to non-invasive
evaluation using a variety of methods.
Along with the GPR scanning which is presented in this paper, the electrical resistivity,
interferometry and LiDAR represent key methods that are being considered for future application
with the aim of showing their utility in health monitoring programs of dams of exceptional
importance.

54
 THE USE OF COMPLEMENTARY GEOPHYSICAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION
OF URBAN TREE ROOTS

Andrei Emilian Mihai 1,2,3, Alexandra Georgiana Gerea 1,2,3

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania
2
University of Bucharest, Romania
3
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

ABSTRACT
Trees are widely present in urban areas, where they provide a number of important environmental
services, from air filtration and temperature regulation to carbon storage and reduction of
stormwater runoff. But trees can also damage urban infrastructure by direct damage, uplifting paved
surfaces, causing or exacerbating pipe leaks which may lead to other environmental issues.
It is not uncommon for trees to be cut down because of the infrastructure damage caused by roots,
but this also means the loss of benefits provided by the trees. Early geophysical detection of
potentially problematic roots would enable preventive action that could save municipalities money
and prevent trees from being needlessly cut down.
Detecting urban tree roots is challenging due to the small scale of the objective, the relatively low
physical contrast between the root and soil, as well as the urban areas themselves, which pose
practical difficulties and limit the geophysical methods that can be deployed for such purposes.
In recent years, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has emerged as a method that can be applied for
non-invasive detection of tree roots expansion under built infrastructure. A preventive survey would
include the detection of the roots branching under the paved surfaces, before they start uplifting or
penetrating them, so the emphasis would be detecting the roots under a soil surface, as opposed to a
paved surface, when the damage is already taking place.
In such a soil survey scenario, however, it resulted that GPR applicability has also limitations,
induced not only by the soil physical-chemical properties and the size of the roots, but also by a
potential lack of permittivity contrast between the roots and the surrounding soil.
Here, we present results from GPR surveys on urban tree roots, discussing the potential and
shortcomings, as well as from electrical surveys that could serve as a complement to GPR in the
detection of tree roots that may pose a threat to paved areas. While the same method could be
applied for other purposes (orchards, agriculture, etc), this work focuses specifically on urban areas.
Although electrical surveys have been used in the study of trees before, most work was focused on
evaluating the internal structure of tree trunks and tree root area as a whole, with less attention paid
to mapping individual roots. Through our tests, we observed that at least in some situations,
individual roots can be detected using electrical surveys and this method can be used as a
complement to GPR for detecting tree roots in urban areas.
Plans for new surveys are also discussed. With the acquisition of new geophysical equipment at the
National Institute of Earth Physics, it is hoped that the use of complementary methods to GPR can
be further explored, in the framework of the new established Applied Geophysics, Prevention and
Education laboratory.

55
 COMPLEX GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GHIAURCHIOI HISTORICAL
SETTLEMENT (VADU, CONSTANTA)

Dimitriu R.G.1, Barbu M.B.1,2, Pop S.3, Stanciu I.M.1

1
National Research-Development Institute for Marine Geology and Geoecology - GeoEcoMar,
Bucharest, Romania,
2
Doctoral School of Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Romania
3
“Henry Coandă” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania

ABSTRACT
The historical settlement Ghiaurchioi is situated 1 km north of Vadu (Constanta) and has been
inhabited since ancient times (Hellenistic period) until the early 19 th century when it was abandoned
after a cholera epidemic was brought about by Russian armies. The site underwent several
archaeological investigations through the years, and it was also subject to military drills and
fortification during 20th century. Therefore, the morphology of the site was significantly altered since
its abandonment in the early 19th century.
The site is located on a promontory that rises about 6 m above the littoral plain, while the basement
rock is made of green schist’s that are occasionally outcropping around the promontory.
Complex geophysical measurements were carried out in 2022 during two expeditions, the first in
May and the second in August, that covered the promontory as well as extended areas to the east
and south.
Geophysical measurements at the site were primarily carried out by using a DJI Matrice 600 Pro
drone to tow an aero-magnetometer, gaining ease of access to areas that would otherwise be
inaccessible using ground measurements. The area was also covered with photogrammetry and
thermal imaging by using drones, while susceptibility measurements were carried out at ground level
and on geological cores.
The resulting orthomosaic photo and DEM (digital elevation model) of the site were used to plan
and carry out the magnetometric surveys at low altitudes and during interpretation to identify
various morphological structures.
On thermal imaging there can be observed several morphological features (ridges or depressions)
that are not visible on orthophoto, as well as identifying features that are covered with vegetation or
are moister.
Susceptibility measurements were carried out to establish the variation of magnetic properties of
various objects, artefacts, soil, rocks and cores for a better interpretation of results from
magnetometric surveys.
The map of total geomagnetic field reveals several anomalies. There are three high amplitude bipolar
anomalies that are generated by three military pillboxes; there are a few E-W lineaments on the
promontory and to the south that are likely generated by local geological sources, but sources such
as archaeological cultural layers cannot be excluded. Following 2¾D modelling of a round shaped
monopole magnetic anomaly on the southern limit of the survey area indicates towards an
anthropogenic source, possibly a shipwreck.

56
 REȘCA-ROMULA ARCHEOLOGİCAL SİTE – RESULTS OF THE GEOPHYSİCAL AND
ARCHEOLOGİCAL RESEARCH CAMPAİGN 2021

Florina Chitea1,2,3, Mircea Negru4,5, Bogdan Barbu1,3,6, Florin Ciulavu7, Mihaela Bleoancă7,
Sabin Popovici11, Adrian Diaconu2,8, Silviu Jureschi2,8, Nicolae Cruceru9, Ilinca Artene10

1
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, 2Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian
Academy, 3Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics, 4 Spiru Haret University, Bucharest 5University
of Craiova, 6GeoEcoMar, Romania 7 Olt County Museum, Romania 8 Geotesting SRL, Romania
9
Institute of Speleology, Romanian Academy, 10 Ion Creangă National College, Bucharest 11Museum of
Romanati Caracal, Romania

ABSTRACT
The center of the Roman city of Romula, located in Reșca village (Dobrosloveni commune, Olt
County, Romania), is known to host both public and private buildings constructed using burnt
bricks, a strong defense wall of a Roman fort, and a network of channels for collecting and
discharging the wastewater and rainwater in addition to the paved roads. As the studied location was
a part of the commercial and cultural center of Dacia Inferior (Malvensis), it also hosted facilities for
pottery production, and this was revealed by excavation works performed in Resca in the northern
part of the site. Therefore, there is a major interest in investigating in detail the area of the Resca-
Romula archeological site, to unveil its hidden structures, understand its past, reconstruct it
digitally, and therefore preserve the archeological and historical heritage.
This paper is focused on the results obtained in the campaign of 2021 which, besides excavations also
included geophysical surveys performed by means of electromagnetic methods. The selected perimeter
was first scanned by means of a conductivity meter (electromagnetic induction method) ensuring high-
resolution maps which are free of the influence of the buried remains located at a depth below 1.5m. The
second stage of the work consisted in acquiring data by means of the ground penetrating radar (GPR)
method, scanning the perimeter with two antennas (200 and 600 MHz, respectively, as a central
frequency). This acquisition technique allowed a better assessment of the vertical deployment of the
elements that differ from the surrounding formations based on the parameter of dielectric permittivity.
By means of the geophysical data, several zones in the northeastern part of the Roman city center
have been outlined, that were interpreted to represent traces of habitation, including burning points
and areas with remains of construction materials possessing slight magnetic properties. A cluster of
anomalies, that present an extended linear trend (orientation North-East – South-West), was
considered to overlap the deeper-seated defensive wall of a Roman Fortress, with a thickness of 1.90-
2.00 m, and a preserved height of 1.10 m, built of burnt bricks. The construction debris consisted of
relocated fragments of Roman bricks from other sectors of the Fort, resulting from illegal excavation
which happened in a stage when the archeological site was unsupervised, obstructed in certain areas
the visibility of the expected linear paths or geometrized contours which usually are expected in
Roman style built archeological sites.

Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude to the Slatina Museum, Faculty of Geology
and Geophysics, the Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics (SGAR), and Geotesting for providing
support in carrying out the research activity for the 2021 campaign.

57
 GEOMAGNETIC ANNUAL MEANS AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON PAST
EVOLUTION OF THE SOLAR ACTIVITY/SPACE CLIMATE

Crisan Demetrescu 1, 2, Venera Dobrica 1, Cristiana Stefan 1

1
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
2
Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
We have been shown that the horizontal component (H) time series of annual means provided by
geomagnetic observatories bear a solar cycle component as a result of the fact that during
geomagnetic storms H is significantly depressed without being compensated in the annual average
by any increase during the recovery phase of the storm. This should also happen as regards other
well-known oscillations in the solar activity, namely the magnetic, Hale and the long, Gleissberg
cycles. In the present paper we shall show the presence of oscillations at three time scales, which we
call ‘sub-centennial’ (60-90 years), ‘inter-decadal’ (20-30 years), and ‘decadal’ (~11 -year), in time
series of long-operation geomagnetic observatories and in the long time span main geomagnetic
model gufm1. A Hodrick-Prescott (HP) analysis was performed in a first step; it returned a so called
‘trend’ and an oscillation at the decadal timescale. Next, successive Butterworth filtering of the
‘trend’ provided information on the other two oscillations at larger timescales. Such information is
then compared to Schwabe, Hale, and Gleissberg solar activity cycles, as detected in parameters that
illustrate it (sunspot number, reconstructed heliospheric magnetic field, reconstructed solar wind
parameters, reconstructed total solar irradiance etc). We might conclude that the space climate, that
refers to long-term solar variability and its effects in the heliosphere and upon the Earth, can be
characterized back to cca 1600, including information on the two grand minima of the solar activity
(Maunder and Dalton), using available models of the geomagnetic main field (e.g., gufm1).

58
 THE GEOHAZARD INDUCED BY SPACE WEATHER EVENTS. CASE STUDY –
ROMANIAN TERRITORY

Venera Dobrica 1, Crisan Demetrescu 1, Cristiana Stefan 1, Anca Isac 2

1
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
2
Geological Institute of Romania, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
The space weather hazard, a recently introduced type of geohazard, known to affect the
technological systems, became very important nowadays in the technological era.
The external geomagnetic field, arising from the magnetospheric and ionospheric current systems,
developed at the interaction of solar wind and heliospheric magnetic field with the Earth’s magnetic
field, especially geomagnetic storms, might induce hazardous response as shown by the surface
electric field, the geophysical input in assessing ground space weather impact of geomagnetically
induced currents (GICs).
In this study certain geomagnetic storms were analysed from the perspective of (1) solar source –
solar wind – geomagnetic storm chain and (2) the induced hazardous response as shown by the
maximum value of the surface electric field.
The surface electric field, induced by the variable magnetic field of major geomagnetic storms (Dst <
-150 nT) of the solar cycle 23(1996 - 2008), has been investigated over the Romanian territory. Using
the plane wave approximation for the depth propagation of the geomagnetic disturbance as recorded
at the Surlari geomagnetic observatory (IAGA code - SUA) and information regarding the
underground electric conductivity from a recent magnetotelluric model of the Romanian
lithosphere, the components of the horizontal geoelectric field have been determined. The
geographical distribution of the amplitude of the geoelectric field vector, calculated as a square root
of the sum of its squared components, has been mapped at the local scale, namely Romania. Such a
map could serve as a geoelectric hazard map, a significant tool in assessing space weather hazard. A
comparison for certain space weather events was done, as well.

59
 ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES FROM TERRESTRIAL
CONTRIBUTION FOR EVALUATION ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

Ileana Radulescu1, Rasvan Stochici2

1
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania
2
Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
The human population is continuously exposed to ionising radiation from several natural sources
that can be classified into two broad categories: high-energy cosmic rays incident on the Earth‟s
atmosphere and radioactive nuclides generated during the formation of the Earth and still present in
the Earth‟s crust (terrestrial contribution). The terrestrial contribution is mainly composed of the
radionuclides of the uranium and thorium decay chains together with radioactive potassium. In
most circumstances, radon, a noble gas produced in the radioactive decay of uranium, is the most
important contributor to radiation exposure.
In order to evaluate the exposure to radiation (natural radiation dose), we use a handheld Gamma
Surveyor II Spectrometer from GF Instruments, with BGO scintillation Detector. The instrument
measures Radiation Dose in nSv/h and estimates the concentrations of K (%), Th (ppm), and U
(ppm). The preliminary results of radiometric measurements, of contributions of the uranium,
thorium decay chains together with radioactive potassium as well as maps in the southern part of
Romania are presented in this paper.
Buzau Land aspiring Geopark is 1036 km2 territory located in Romania at the Carpathian Bend, in
close proximity of the Vrancea seismogenic area. In the preliminary screening, Buzau Land has been
split into 10 km X 10 km square cells, with a minimum of 10 measurements that must be made in
each of 11 cells generate. The radioactivity dose values range between 7.82 nSv/h and 114.59 nSv/h.
Thorium levels varied between 1.4 ppm and 14.7 ppm, Uranium levels varied between 0.2 ppm and
20.2, and Potassium levels varied between 0.3% and 2.5%.
So far it seems that the natural radioactivity does not pose risk to the inhabitants of the area "Buzau
land Geopark". The study shall continue in other parts of the country.

60
Session 3: The multi-scale formation and evolution of sediments and sedimentary
basins, including karst
 DIAGENESIS ASSESSMENT IN SILICLASTICS THROUGH JOINT
THERMOBAROMETRIC MODELING AND PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES

Arnaud Fournillon1, Jonathan Allard1, Matthieu Dubille1, Gaëlle Maury1, Stéphane Rousse1

1
Beicip-Franlab, Direction of Geoscience Services, Rueil-Malmaison, France

ABSTRACT
Diagenesis is a key element to understand the evolution of the reservoir properties from sediment
deposition to the final state of the rock. Siliciclastics evolve during their burial depending on
temperature and pressure conditions (P/T conditions). Their diagenesis is also strongly dependent
on their chemical composition, as specific minerals provide specific sets of ions for the authigenesis
of newly formed minerals. Therefore, the assessment of siliciclastics diagenesis rely on both the
characterization of their mineralogy and the P/T conditions through time. This study presents how
diagenesis could be characterized by cross-validation of thermobarometric modelling and
petrographic analyses.
Indeed, thermobarometric modelling is a basin-scale modelling technique that enables the
assessment of P/T conditions through time. It is based on the use of an iterative approach to
calibrate maturity proxies (e.g. vitrinite reflectance, apatite fission tracks…) and present-time
thermal regime. Besides, petrographic analyses enable the determination of the various minerals
present in a given studied interval. The appearance of each mineral can be placed in regard of a
relative chronology, called paragenetic sequence, and has a particular temperature of crystallization.
The latter can thus be used as a paleothermometer to calibrate thermobarometric modelling. Then,
the ultimate goal of this approach is to retrieve a consistent paragenetic sequence that respects
relative chronology of mineral formation, burial and thermal history of the considered basin.
This workflow is applied on Cambrian to Silurian siliciclastics from an undisclosed location. The
studied stratigraphic interval has a complex history with several phases of hydrocarbon migration
that have a strong influence on the inhibition of diagenetic processes. Thermobarometric modelling
of the studied area is based on both vitrinite reflectance measurements and temperature
measurements along wellbores, as well as literature data about both thermal regime evolution and
lithospheric parameters through time. Petrographic analyses are based on thin-section observations
on optical microscope, SEM observations combined with ECS probes, and XRD data. The resulting
“calibrated” paragenetic sequence is discussed in regard to diagenetic risks on the reservoir quality.

62
 QUANTİTATİVE DİAGENESİS AND DYNAMİC POROSİTY/PERMEABİLİTY
EVOLUTİON: NEW PERSPECTİVES FOR PREDİCTİNG THE İMPACTS OF FLUİD-
ROCK İNTERACTİONS İN CARBONATE AND SİLİCO-CLASTİC RESERVOİRS

Nader Fadi Henri1,2

1
IFP Energies nouvelles, Division of Earth Sciences & Environmental Technologies,
Rueil-Malmaison, France
2
Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands

ABSTRACT
Diagenesis in reservoirs and aquifers produces multiple pore systems that are variously
interconnected. Difficulties arise when storativity and flow properties (porosity and permeability)
are to be predicted in relation to important structural and fluid flow events. Dolostone reservoir
rocks of the Middle East Arab Formation (subsurface UAE) and sandstones of the Lower Jurassic,
Luxembourg Sandstone Formation (surface outcrops, NW Europe) were used to develop dedicated
approaches to quantify the influence of diagenetic phases on the porosity and permeability in 3D.
This is achieved by adding to the state of the art petrographic techniques (to define and quantify the
important diagenetic stages), X-ray micro -CT and 3D image analysis, and subsequently modelling
The main process affecting the reservoir quality of the Arab reservoirs is dolomitization, followed by
porosity enhancement due to dissolution and secondary porosity destruction by cementation of late
diagenetic anhydrite. Through micro-CT, the 3D volume and distribution of pore space and mineral
components were defined and compared to other laboratory measurements and provided input and
calibration data for Reactive Pore Network Models (PNM-R), enabling the simulation of plausible
porosity-permeability evolution paths during diagenesis.
Experimental analysis (involving micro-CT and micro-core flooding) and numerical (geochemical)
modelling were applied to the Luxembourg sandstones following a different approach. Experimental
dissolution by means of weak acid solution of the poorly cemented sandstone sample resulted in a
homogeneous dissolution of the calcite phase and eliminated 7.5% of calcite cement (originally 9%).
The bulk-porosity and permeability increased from 21.4 to 30.7 %, and 374 to 1300 mD, respectively.
The same dissolution procedure was applied to the well cemented sample. The dissolution patterns
became heterogeneous resulting in the formation of a preferential dissolution pathway (wormhole).
These results demonstrate that the degree of calcite cementation of sandstones lead to distinct
dissolution patterns and can be quantified and predicted.
The perspectives of coupling beyond the state-of-the-art experimental and numerical modelling
techniques will bring the necessary tools to better predict the storativity of reservoirs and aquifers
and the impacts of fluid-rock interactions.

63
 A BASIN-WIDE EVAPORITIC EVENT DURING THE LAST STAGES OF A VARISCAN
MARINE FORELAND BASIN CLOSURE

Iván Díaz-García1, Óscar Merino-Tomé1, Isabel Emma Quijada1, Juan Ramón Bahamonde1,
Luis Pedro Fernández1, Elias Samankassou2, Giovanna Della Porta3, Federico Ortí4, Ángeles
G. Borrego5, Arsenio Muñoz6, Jaime Martín-Llaneza1, José Federico Del Pozo1
1
Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, 2 Département des sciences de la
Terre, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland, 3 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, 4 Dpt. de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat
de Barcelona, Spain, 5 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono (INCAR-CSIC), Oviedo, Spain,
6
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra-Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales,
Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

ABSTRACT
Along the geological record evaporite deposits are widely reported in continent–continent collisional
settings. In fact, some of the largest halite deposits formed in marine foreland basins. During the
Ouachita–Alleghanian–Variscan Orogeny a marine foreland basin developed on the continental
margin of Gondwana, and their remnants are preserved in the Variscan massifs of Iberia, North
Africa and South France. During the continental collision this basin lost its connection with the
Panthalassa Ocean while its communication with the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean became progressively
restricted. As a consequence, during mid-Carboniferous times widespread precipitation of
intrasediment gypsum within radiolarian-bearing pelagic calci-mudstones took place.
Although common in shallow-marine and coastal settings, marine gypsum evaporites are rare in deeper
subtidal environments. Lack of modern analogues of deep-water gypsum deposits makes it difficult to
understand this mid-Carboniferous evaporitic event. To investigate the sedimentary processes involved
in its origin, a detailed stratigraphic and sedimentologic study of the evaporite-bearing strata exposed in
northern Spain and southern France was carried out. This research included the description of 47
outcrops and detailed logging and sampling of 21 stratigraphic sections, the study of more than 500 thin
sections, the quantification of evaporite abundance and crystal size distribution in 89 thin sections, and
the determination of the chemical composition of evaporite relicts by SEM-EDS analyses.
The evaporite-bearing package has a remarkable thickness (5-15 m) and microfacies homogeneity across
an area of >200000 km2. Gypsum crystals, which are pseudomorphized by calcite, deform the
surrounding matrix, suggesting a displacive growth within the carbonate mud, and gradually become
more abundant upward, reaching 60% of the sediment volume in the upper part of the evaporitic
interval, indicating a progressive salinity increase. Toward the foredeep turbiditic strata contain detrital
gypsum, whereas in the shallower parts of the basin microbial features (crinkly laminae, filamentous
microstructures, stromatolite-like morphologies) occur in the evaporite-bearing strata. In addition,
subaerial exposure features, including root structures, locally cap the studied stratal package.
The study shows that large areas of the marine foreland basin experienced hypersaline
conditions followed by local subaerial exposure coincident with the significant eustatic sea -level
fall recorded at the mid-Carboniferous boundary. Unlike other evaporitic marine basins with
extensive halite deposits in collisional settings (e.g., Messinian Mediterranean basins, Carpathian
foredeep, Paradox Basin, Pricaspian Basin), hypersaline conditions ended abruptly prior to halite
precipitation, after a rapid marine transgression led to normal marine conditions .
64
 LITHOFACIES AND PALEO-ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS WITHIN THE EOCENE TO
OLIGOCENE CARBONATES OF THE AL-AIN REGION, UAE

Mahmoud Abu Saima, Osman Abdelghany, Manal Alzaabi, Amira Alnaqbi,

Shamma Alzaabi, Aishah Alhindaassi, Mouza Alkaabi

Department of Geosciences, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University,

Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT
Tertiary carbonate rocks in the Al-Ain area, UAE, are represented by the Lower Eocene Rus, Middle
to Upper Eocene Dammam, and Early Oligocene Asmari formations, that are well-exposed in Jabal
Hafit Anticline and at Jabals Malaqet and Mundassah. These formations are composed mainly of
carbonate rocks, including grainstones, packstones, wackestones and lime mudstones. The Eocene to
Oligocene carbonates are also rich in fossils: molluscs, echinoids, foraminifera, ostracods, calcareous
algae, bryozoa and corals. These formations have regional extent, however, the Rus and Dammam in
the Al-Ain region are substantially different in thickness, sedimentary structures, facies assemblages
and fossils from the surrounding regions. This research proposal will focus on the paleo-
environmental implications of lithofacies variations and fossil assemblages, which reveal the
paleoecology and depositional environment of these Eocene-Oligocene carbonates, including an
explanation of why their facies differ so markedly from the surrounding equivalents.

65
 RE-INVESTIGATION OF THE LOWER PALEOGENE RUS FORMATION
PALEOENVIRONMENT, SOUTHEAST UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: NEW LITHOFACIES
AND BIOFACIES DATA

Osman Abdelghany 1, Mahmoud Abu Saima 1, Abdel-Rahman Fowler 1, Hasan Arman 1

1
Department of Geosciences, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT
The partial closure of the NeoTethys Ocean at the northeast margin of Gondwana, at the end of the
Cretaceous, resulted in the raising of an ophiolitic mountain range with a flanking foreland basin
filled by molasse. The leveling of the mountain range and post-obduction tension, resulted in a new
basin (the Pabdeh Basin) that received ophiolitic debris (the Qahlah conglomerate Formation)
followed by shallow marine carbonates (the Simsima Formation) and the Paleocene Muthaymimah
mudstone formation. By the Early Eocene a regionally widespread carbonate and evaporite
formation (the Rus Formation) was deposited over most of the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the
Levant, in a shallow marine platform environment. In the United Arab Emirates, the Rus Formation,
and the overlying Dammam and Asmari Formations were deposited in a deeper environment, the
Muthaymimah trough. The United Arab Emirates sedimentary sequence is consequently the thickest
representative Paleogene section (1000 m) in the Arabian Peninsula. The Muyhaymimah trough
passed through the Jabal Hafit area of Al-Ain, UAE, where the Rus Formation forms the core of the
Hafit Anticline. In this presentation the Rus Formation of the Hafit area, is divided into two units- a
white limestone unit (Tarabat Member) and a grey nodular limestone unit (Hilli Member). No
detailed paleontological data exists to date the Tarabat Member precisely, whereas the Hilli Member
has yielded late Early Eocene planktonic and benthonic foraminifera. The Hilli Member is thought to
lie unconformably upon the Tarabat Member, however, our reconnaissance investigations show
interbedding of the two units. The facies of the two units are compared and used to build a
paleogeography for the Lower Eocene in the southeast Arabian Peninsula.

66
 YPRESIAN/LUTETIAN CONTACT OF THE RUS AND DAMMAM FORMATIONS,
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES, CONFIRMED USING NUMMULITIDAE SPECIES

Osman Abdelghany 1, Mahmoud Abu Saima 1, Abdel-Rahman Fowler 1, Safia Al Menoufy 2

1
Department of Geosciences, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
2
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology and Geology, 11341, Cairo, Egypt

ABSTRACT
The late Ypresian-Early Lutetian rocks exposed in the Jabal Hafit anticline in the United Arab
Emirates are represented by the Rus Formation and Dammam Formation. The top of the Rus
Formation is composed of grayish white, thick-bedded to massive limestone beds, with subordinate
dolomite, chert bands and nodules, while the base of the overlying Dammam Formation is composed
of grayish thick-bedded fractured and rarely cavernous Nummulitic limestone, that varies locally to
chalky limestone. The genus Assilina appeared earlier in the Ypresian (Lower Eocene) and continued
until the end of the Lutetian (Middle Eocene). Thus, this taxon could be useful for the
chronostratigraphy of the Rus-Dammam contact. This study includes the large foraminifera: Assilina
spira abrardi Shaub, 1981 and Nummulites obesus d'Archiac, 1852. These faunas are systematically
treated, described and illustrated in this presentation. Nummulites obesus belongs to the N.
burdigalensis group, while Assilina spira abrardi belongs to the group of Assilina spira. According to
Serra Kiel, 1998 and Papazzoni et al. (2017), both species define SBZ 10/11 of Ypresian/Early
Lutetian, which occurred in shallow-marine facies.

67
 SEDIMENTARY AND PROVENANCE EVOLUTION OF THE ALLUVIAL FANS OF THE
NEOPROTEROZOIC KAREIM BASIN, CENTRAL EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT

Abdel-Rahman Fowler1, Ashraf Baghdady2, Ahmed Gad2, Karim Abdelmalik2

1
Geosciences Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi UAE
2
Geology Department, Ain Shams University, Abbassiya, Cairo, Egypt

ABSTRACT
The Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran ~600 Ma) Kareim Basin of Egypt is one of the largest of the
‘Hammamat’ molasse basins – a diverse group of terrestrial intramontane basins that formed at a late
stage of development of the Arabian Nubian Shield of NE Africa. The Kareim basin preserves
~6000m of volcanic sandstones, pebble to boulder conglomerates and minor mudstones, deposited
in alluvial fan, fan delta and lake environments. The basin deposits begin with mainly bouldery red
fanglomerates, sandstones and mudstones. These are succeeded by reddish and greenish distal to
midfan sandstones and pebble to cobble conglomerates; then mid- to proximal fan greenish cobble
and boulder conglomerates with minor red sandstones and mudstones. The red and green facies
indicate two provenances for the basin sediments: scoriaceous basalts that yielded the lower mainly
reddish mud-rich sediments; and underlying older andesitic and dacitic metavolcanics that
produced the upper mainly greenish gravelly and sandy sediments. The red facies sediments include
mudflows and minor debris flows in the more proximal areas of the fans, and sheetfloods in the
distal fans. The greenish facies sediments were transported by water-flow processes, resulting in
commonly cross-bedded, well-sorted, braided stream deposits. The red scoriaceous basaltic
provenance is not exposed near the Kareim Basin margins, and may have been progressively eroded
to expose the underlying greenish metavolcanics, or may lie buried beneath the basin sediments. The
lithofacies of the Neoproterozoic Kareim Basin are similar to those of modern streamflow-dominated
alluvial fans. The changing provenance of the Kareim sediments reveals details of the history of basin
margin uplift.

68
 LATE CRETACEOUS TO EOCENE GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION MODEL OF THE
NORTHERN ISTRIA BASIN, W BLACK SEA

Eliza Anton 1, Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu 1, Ioan Munteanu 2

1
National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology (GeoEcoMar), Bucharest, Romania
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
One of the most investigated areas in the Romanian offshore of the western Black Sea is Istria Basin,
where most of the renowned hydrocarbon-bearing deposits are explored and exploited in the last 40
years. In this paper we present an integrated geological interpretation of core data, well logs and
seismic 2D lines. Our model is focused on the Late Cretaceous-Eocene interval, representing one of
the most investigated intervals in the area.
Data (lithology-sedimentology, biostratigraphy and well logs) from 19 drillings have been
interpreted. From these, 15 wells are in the Lebăda structures (East and West) and 4 wells are
situated in the Sinoe structure. Additionally, 9 seismic lines (2D), which intersected the above-
mentioned structures, have been interpreted.
For achieving the geological model, we reinterpreted the existing biostratigraphic and lithologic
data. Thus, accurate ages for the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene deposits have been assigned. We pointed
out all Upper Cretaceous stages, from the Cenomanian up to the Maastrichtian, while the Eocene is
represented by the Ypresian, Lutetian Bartonian stages, all of them showing variable thicknesses and
spatial distribution.
Based on calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy, the Upper Cretaceous
sediments were encountered in 12 wells, while the Eocene deposits were traversed by 13 wells, but
several wells crossed both intervals.
Our model renders a geological evolution image for the hydrocarbon bearing Upper Cretaceous and
Eocene deposits from the northern edge of Istria Basin. This work confirmed the existence of a
widespread unconformity between the Cretaceous and Paleogene. Younger unconformities were
identified at the base of the Eocene series and within the Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene (between
the Bartonian and Rupelian stages). All of the abovementioned unconformities are related with
tectonic evolution of the area, with the transition from extensional to compressional related
deformation.

69
 BLACK SEA - A PALIMSESTIC SEDIMENTARY BASIN

Gabriel Ion1, Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu1, Adrian Popa1, Florin Duțu1,

Constantin Lazăr1, Vlad Apotrosoaei1

1
National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-ecology,
Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
Any sedimentary basin normally has a palimsestic character, but the Black Sea, due to its
characteristics and recent geological evolution has a more pronounced one. What makes Black Sea
more special in terms of its sedimentary evolution and characteristics is the fact the way in which the
controlling factors of the sediment deposition acted during the geological time. We think mainly
about its geologic evolution during Quaternary, when Black Sea, a closed or semi-enclosed basin,
was the subject of several rapid changes of its water level. The timing and duration of the water level
changes in the Black Sea basin is still quite debatable and for this its sedimentary evolution and any
other related geological phenomena. The water level variations of the Black Sea, controlled the
origin of the sediments, the accommodation space and the formation of the sedimentary bodies. The
loading and unloading with sediments and more faraway with ice sheets (due to the climate
changes) of the basement could locally trigger neotectonic movements and changes in the dip of the
sub-aerial and submerged water bottoms and further the processes of sediment deposition and
erosion. The most difficult to interpret in terms of its geological evolution of the Black Sea basin is
its shelf area, that during the water level variations has been a territory for the most rapid changes
for the deposition of new sediments, but also the subject of erosions. The phenomena of deposition
and erosion of the shelf area strongly influenced the formation and architecture of the Black Sea
submarine fans, as the Danube deep sea fan. The changes in the climate and the water level in the
Black Sea strongly influenced the production, distribution and accumulation of the organic matter.
The accumulation of the organic matter can produce by biodegradation large amounts of methane,
located in shallow sediments. In the Black Sea have been mapped and even sampled methane
hydrates and here has been reported for the first time a 5 layer cluster of BSR's, one of the best
indicator for the accumulation of methane clathrates.
The several stages of the sediment deposition/erosion/redeposition on the Black Sea continental
platform during Quaternary have given a strong palimsestic character to the basin.

70
 MID CRETACEOUS ANOXIC AND OXIC PALAEOSETTINGS
IN THE EASTERN CARPATHIANS

Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu1,2, Relu-Dumitru Roban3, Dragoş Mitrică4,

Vlad Apotrosoaei1, Teodora Baboş1,3

1
National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-ecology, Bucharest, Romania
2
Doctoral School of Geology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
3
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
4
Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands

ABSTRACT
The Cretaceous was an Earth period containing most of the known global Oceanic Anoxic Events
(OAEs), with a short duration (up to 500 Ky); their main features are the lithological overprint,
expressed in the black shale occurrence and significant fluctuations of isotope d 13Corg values.
Globally, these events led to the instauration of a greenhouse climate mode. A high frequency of
OAEs is placed within mid Cretaceous times, in the Aptian-Turonian interval, but these events were
described also in the Early Cretaceous, i.e., Valanginian and Barremian, and in the Upper Cretaceous,
the newest discovery being the Santonian-Campanian Boundary Event. The timing of globally
distributed OAEs is in general coincident with the emplacement of large igneous provinces,
suggesting that their deposition was induced by a high volcanism.
In the outer part of the Eastern Carpathians, the thin-skinned nappes expose rich-organic black
shales. Their occurrence mirrored the palaeogeographic setting of the Moldavide basin, i.e., some
continental ridges with limited circulation during the Early Cretaceous. This feature determined the
occurrence of an anoxic sedimentation, which lasted more than 20 Ma (from the Valanginian stage
up to the Albian). This anoxic interval, distributed on large areas of the Carpathian bend (i.e.,
Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine), is not correlatable with global Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Cretaceous
Events, and might be regarded as regional rather than global. Taking into account this depositional
characteristic, it is difficult to point out a global oceanic anoxic event in an anoxic basin as the one of
the Moldavides. However, in the innermost (western) part the Moldavide, within the Teleajen
Nappe, the sedimentation was not fully anoxic, as rich-organic black shales deposited only in short
intervals, mostly during the Valanginian-Barremian. Starting from the uppermost Albian, the anoxic
deposition of the whole Moldavide basin shifted to a dysoxic one and eventually to an oxic
sedimentation, reflected in the occurrence of red marine hemipelagites and turbidites. This work
presents the identification of the mid Cretaceous OAEs in the Eastern Carpathians. The shift from an
anoxic setting to an oxic one, causes and consequences, are also discussed herein.

71
 Session 4: Coupling of multi-scale natural and human induced evolution of
river-delta-sea systems: geoscientific approaches for water-covered areas research
 DETRITAL ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY ON THE LOWER DANUBE:
IMPLICATIONS FOR SEDIMENTARY SOURCE

Iulian Pojar1, Mihaela Melinte-Dobrinescu1, Andrei Gabriel Dragoș1, Relu Dumitru Roban2,
Mihai Ducea2, Tomas Capaldi3, Cornel Olariu4

1
National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology - GeoEcoMar, Bucharest, Romania;
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Bucharest, Romania;
3
Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA;
4
Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA;

ABSTRACT
The U-Pb geochronology on detrital zircons (DZ) from the Lower Danube River and from seven
major left Romanian tributaries indicate three major populations ages: i) Cambrian-Ordovician,
associated to back-arc basins and island arcs, linked to the Peri-Gondwana subduction (600 – 440
Ma); ii) Lower to Middle Carboniferous, from magmatic and metamorphic Variscan units (350 – 320
Ma), represented by dominant peaks in most analyzed samples; iii) Upper Cretaceous to Tertiary,
younger than 100 Ma, possibly related to the Southern Carpathian Late Cretaceous Banatitic arc and
to the Neogene volcanism of the Eastern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains.
In the case of the Lower Danube western tributaries Cerna, Topolnița and Jiu, our results show that
the main source of the DZ are the metamorphic rocks characteristic for the Upper and Lower
Danubian tectonic units of the Southern Carpathians (ca. 300 Ma). These units are identified as
components of Dacia mega-unit and consist of high-grade metamorphic rocks. Weak signals of
Variscan events (340-325 Ma) were identified by several recent publications, while in the present
study the investigated samples show stronger indication of a regional Variscan metamorphism.
Some larger tributaries in the eastern (downstream) Lower Danube, such as Olt, Argeș, Ialomița and
Siret rivers show temporal disperse peaks on the DZ geochronology, feature probably reflecting
successive processes of recycling. Notably, the most representative sources of DZ identified in the
samples from easternmost Lower Danube tributaries (Siret and Prut rivers) are the Variscan
metamorphites.
The analysis performed on both western samples (Cerna, Topolnița, Jiu and Olt rivers) and
easternmost sample from the Danube sediments show a strong Variscan peaks that could be
principally correlated with the former Ceahlău-Severin oceanic basin. Nonetheless, most of the
sampled tributaries discharge high loads of terrigenous material from the Southern and Eastern
Carpathians, especially Olt, Argeş, Ialomiţa and Siret rivers show temporal disperse peaks on the DZ
geochronology, feature probably reflecting successive processes of recycling. Finally, the sample from
the Danube Delta Front (nearby Isaccea locality) yielded a wide DZ distribution, mirroring the huge
amount of sedimentary material from various sources.

74
 HOLOCENE FLUVIAL INFLUENCES VERSUS MARINE INFLUXES IN THE RAZELM-
SINOE LAGOONAL SYSTEM OF THE DANUBE DELTA

Andrei Briceag 1, Sabin Rotaru 1, Radu Dimitriu 1, Irina Stanciu 1,

Bogdan Barbu 1, Bogdan Ispas 1, Ion Stănescu 1

1
National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-ecology, GeoEcoMar, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
Deltas are dynamic and unique natural systems impacted by many natural factors, such as wave and
river influence, erosion and accumulation processes, along with subsiding and uplifting movements.
The Danube River – Danube Delta – Black Sea is the most extensive river – sea system in Europe. The
Danube Delta developed in the Quaternary, when Danube started to flow into the Black Sea basin. It
contains a sequence of deposits ranging from tens to 300-400 m-thick layers accumulated mainly
during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene interval.
This study is based on multidisciplinary investigations of a 7 m-long sediment core recovered from
the western bank of Razelm-Sinoe lagoonal system, currently located about 14 km from the Black Sea
shoreline. The development of this area was influenced by the local sea-level changes, shifting from
brackish lagoon to a freshwater lake environment. The identified ostracod assemblages contain
oligohaline to mesohaline taxa, represented by Mediterranean and Ponto-Caspian in origin species.
The dominant mesohaline taxa are represented by Cyprideis torosa, Heterocythereis amnicola,
Amnicythere olivia, A. pediformis and Loxoconcha gibboides. The mesohaline environment also
contains benthic foraminifera represented almost entirely by abundant Ammonia tepida. The most
representative oligohaline ostracod species are Darwinula stevensoni, Candona neglecta,
Pseudocandona compressa, P. albicans and Limnocythere inopinata.
This study offers new insights into the Late Holocene paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic
changes that took place in the Razelm-Sinoe lagoonal system. The results of this multi-proxy study
indicate significant geomorphological transformations during the last 3000 yr BP: from a floodplain
to a lagoon environment, with episodes of opening and closuring leading to salinity oscillations.

75
Session 5: Engineering geology, GNSS, InSAR, and remote-sensing for dynamics of
landscape and near-surface evolution
 STABILITY ANALYSIS OF AKAILI LANDSLIDE
(JEBHA, NORTH OF MOROCCO)

Houda Merouani1, Abdelilah Dekayir1, Mohamed Rouai1, Mohamed Benhaddou2

1
Geotech research team, Moulay Ismaïl University, Faculty of Sciences, Meknès, Morocco.
2
CID, Technopolis Park, Morocco.

ABSTRACT
At the entrance of Jebha city located in the north part of Morocco, particularly at the Akaili
paleozoic shale formation, some slope instabilities occurred leading to disrupting the traffic flow on
this section of National Road 16 (The Mediterranean ring road).
In order to analyse the terrain instability, an empirical model was applied to estimate the shear
parameters of the shale rocks, the cohesion (C) and the internal friction angle (), which are data
missing in this area.
The shear parameters are obtained from "Rock Mass Rating" (RMR) classes, proposed by Bieniawski,
and commented by Mehrotra. The RMR used in this model was estimated from the Menard
deformation modulus (EM) using the empirical equation of Kincal & Koca:
. The cohesion and the internal friction angle obtained from the
empirical model were used in the slope instability calculation. This one is carried out on the one
hand with the SMR " Slope Mass Rating " as a geomechanical classification, coupled with TALREN as
stability calculation software.
The followed methodology allowed the identification of two shale layers, respectively, i) the altered
brownish shales from the surface to the depth and ii) the fresh black shales located at the bottom of
the profile. The altered shales seem to be responsible for the slope instability according to the SMR
classification and the TALREN software calculations which help to propose slope reinforcement
solutions using terracing with rice beds in addition to complementary corrective measures such as
drainage system, and toe abutment.

78
THE USE OF IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE THE GRAIN SHAPE
FACTORS OF GRANULAR SOILS

Bahadir OK, Altan AKER

Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of
Civil Engineering, Adana, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Granular soils are used as filler in a variety of geotechnical applications nowadays. The engineering
characteristics of granular soils, such as compaction, strength, and hydraulic conductivity, can be
significantly influenced by grain shape factor parameters. Granular soils are composed of diverse soil
combinations with grains of various sizes. Furthermore, it is challenging to identify the grain shape
factors of granular soils since several of their grains are too small to be easily measured with the help
of a meter. In this study, crushed rock aggregates and river aggregates with varying diameters and
forms were used. These aggregates were mixed and three different granular soil specimens with
suitable gradations were obtained to be used as filling material. An image processing technique was
applied to identify these granular soil specimens' grain shape factors. For this objective, three
diameter ranges (0–5 mm, 5–12 mm, and 12–15 mm) were set and used for sorting the soil grains. Soil
grains suitable for these diameter ranges were taken from the three obtained granular soil
specimens. A unique shooting set-up was previously arranged for obtaining high-quality and
shadow-free pictures of soil grains. This set-up consisted of a high-quality camera and a special
lighting system. Following the transmission of the images, the various sizes of each grain were
calculated using open-source computer software. In this way, it was calculated the roundness,
flatness, aspect ratio, and sphericity of the grains. According to the mixing ratio, the shape factors of
three granular soil specimens were determined separately. As a result, the study's findings suggest
that calculating the shape factors of crushed rock aggregates and river aggregates can be
accomplished by performing image processing on images acquired using an appropriate setup.
Additionally, the shape factors of the mixed granular soils could be determined by doing image
processing on the obtained grains after obtaining soil grains of various diameters from the granular
soils used in the fills.

79
 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE SALT MINING AREAS.
CASE STUDY: OCNA SUGATAG (MARAMURES)

Adrian Iurkiewicz, Iulian Popa, Marius Mocuța

University of Bucharest, Geological and Geophysical Engineering Dept., Romania

ABSTRACT
Salt was and still is one of the most important commodities for humanity and during millenniums of
humankind evolution salt was obtained from seawater in the coastal areas, from brine aquifers
(either as springs or deep wells) or extracted by mining the salt rock formations. Some of these last
forms of salt exploitation were also frequently identified in Romania dating back to Neolithic times.
In case of many old mining areas, following the cessation of the mining activities important
environment rehabilitation activities were performed whilst monitoring activities are still conducted
in order to avoid further dissolution processes and associated hazards.
The less studied situations are those in which the brine existing in the abandoned salt mines is
exploited in a controlled manner (controlled extraction of brine) for balneal purposes that is however
much less (in terms of extracted brine volumes) than for industrial purposes.
This paper aims at reviewing all existent (historical and actual) data on salt and brine exploitation in
Ocna-Șugatag area, whilst applying a complex package of field methods in order to achieve a better
knowledge on the hydrodynamics of brine and landscape evolution in the mentioned area.
The main field investigation methods that were applied essentially refer to the bathymetric
characterization of salt lakes (including also temperature and electric conductivity), installation of a
hydrological and hydrogeological monitoring system based on pressure data loggers, landscape
evolution during 1960-2020 (correlation of the existing old maps with dedicated UAV detailed
surveys) and several pumping tests from flooded mine chambers. All gathered information was used
to build-up and run a preliminary conceptual and numerical model of the groundwater-brine flow
system, as a tool for an optimal exploitation of brine and a complex assessment of potential hazards.
The implementation of the designed activities as well as data interpretation mainly concluded on the
quantitative assessment of allowed daily brine volumes to be exploited for balneal purposes, the
rehabilitation measures for the optimization of the exploitation system, and on the recommended
manner of medium to long-term monitoring of the essential components of the hydrogeological
system, in order to ensure the optimal continuation of the brine exploitation and prevent potential
hazards resulting from it.

80
 OUTCROP-BASED ANALYSIS OF A RECENTLY DISCOVERED FAULT OFFSETTING
UPPER PLIOCENE - QUATERNARY SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS
IN THE MOESIAN PLATFORM (ROMANIA)

Irina Stanciu1,3, Dumitru Ioane2,3

1
National Research and Development Institute for Marine Geology and Geoecology – GeoEcoMar,
Romania
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Romania
3
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics (SGAR)

ABSTRACT
In the southern part of the Moesian Platform (Romania), between the Argeş and Danube rivers, an
elevated geomorphological feature is easily observed, being named “hill” by the local inhabitants.
Delineated to the north and to the east by the steep slopes of the Argeş valley and to the south by
the steep slopes of the Danube valley, this promontory-looking area was recently named the Argeş
Promontory (Stanciu, 2020, PhD Thesis -unpublished). It is clearly distinct from the neighbouring
flat relief of the Romanian plain.
Within the Argeş Promontory, an intriguing outcrop which displays a normal fault, cutting and vertically
displacing the Upper Pliocene - Quaternary sedimentary formations, was observed in the close vicinity of
Crivăţ locality, Călăraşi county, during several field works carried out during 2019-2022.
We will present the geological - geomorphological study of this NNE-SSW trending normal fault,
separating a lower south-eastern compartment of outcropping loess and soil deposits, from an
elevated north-western compartment of outcropping cross bedded Upper Pliocene, probably
Romanian sand deposits. Since it vertically displaces Upper Pliocene - Quaternary sediments and
soil, it is likely that the Crivăţ Fault represents an active fault.

Acknowledgements: The 2019-2020 field works used in this study were carried out as part of the
research for the PhD Thesis Intramoesian Fault: Geophysical Detection and Regional Active
(Neo)Tectonics and Geodynamics, at the Doctoral School of Geology, Faculty of Geology and
Geophysics, University of Bucharest.

81
 FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SEYHAN RIVER BASIN, TÜRKİYE USING
DIFFERENT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION METHODS

Evren Turhan, Serin Değerli, Uğurcan Çapar,

Tunahan AVAN

Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of
Civil Engineering, Adana, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
A water resource that reaches peak flow rate due to heavy rains, can cause a flood event. Using the
observed flow rates and the obtained streamflow values by completing the missing data, regional
flood frequency analysis works are carried out at various return periods. In this paper, the Seyhan
Basin, where many flood events occurred in the past and which contains Turkey's rich sub-surface
and surface water potential, was chosen as the study area. Annual maximum flow values of eleven
different streamflow gauge stations in this basin, for which historical data are available and missing
data are completed, were used. The missing data were completed with a ratio method from nearby
stations. Normal, Log-Normal, Gumbel, Pearson Type III and Log-Pearson Type III probability
distribution methods, which are widely used in the literature, were chosen for statistical regional
flood frequency analysis. By means of these methods, the flood discharge values were estimated at
the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 years. According to the analyzes, it aims
to determine the most compatible probability distribution with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-
Square goodness-of-fit tests. After the application of these homogeneity tests, according to the
Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, the Log-Normal distribution is the most appropriate around the Lower
Seyhan Plain Sub-basin. Furthermore, when the Chi-Square test is evaluated, it is determined that
the Normal, Pearson and Log Pearson Type III distributions give consistent results considering the
observation regions. In the remaining areas of the Seyhan Basin, for both tests, it is concluded that
the Log-Pearson Type III probability distribution produces convenient flow rate values. Therefore, it
is observed that the obtained maximum flood flow rates throughout the paper have been calculated
with the two-parameter Log-Normal and three-parameter Log-Pearson Type III distributions. With
regard to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the two-parameter Normal and Log-Normal distributions
generate the most compatible results; while according to the Chi-Square test, Pearson Type III and
Log Pearson Type III distributions present consistent outputs with less error rate. It is thought that
this study can make significant contributions to the design and project stages of hydraulic structures
planned to be constructed on the Seyhan Basin in the next years.

Acknowledgment: The authors sincerely thank the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works
(known as DSI, location: Ankara, Turkey) for sharing the specified streamflow gauge station data
within the scope of this study. In addition, the authors are also grateful to Süleyman Can
KAHVECİOĞLU and Rahman BİLGİÇ for their valuable support while preparing this paper.

82
 NEOTECTONIC EFFECTS OUTLINED BY GEOMORPHIC INDEXES COMPUTED FOR
RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN THE CARPATHIANS BEND AREA

Lucica Niculae 1,2, Horia Mitrofan 1,

1
“Sabba Ştefănescu” Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
2
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics, Romania

ABSTRACT
The present-day mountain landscape is a result of fluvial erosion, with longitudinal river profiles
mirroring the cumulated effect of erosion, transport and accumulation on one hand, and of tectonic
(mainly vertical) displacements on the other. There is a fragile balance between erosion, transport
and accumulation, which means that rivers are very sensitive to any kind of change. In particular, the
shape of the longitudinal profile of a river reveals temporal changes that can be associated with
vertical tectonic movements. Such disturbances concerning the river catchments are easily
recognizable by using various geomorphic metrics, even more accurately than the best space-based
geodetic techniques.
In particular, hydrographic network analyses have outlined a reverse correlation between the local
slope of a river bed on one hand, and the supplying drainage area on the other: in other words, the
lower the slope, the higher the supplying drainage area that extends upstream that spot. This
relationship can be expressed as a power law, with two constant parameters: steepness and
concavity. When distinct river segments, or adjoining river catchments, exhibit contrasting values
for those parameters, this could represent the effect of various factors: lithological changes,
differential vertical tectonic displacements, or catchment disruptions due to stream piracy processes.
By using data retrieved from the national topographic maps at the scale 1:25.000, the present study
has investigated the above indicated slope-drainage area correlation for the rivers Putna and Şuşiţa.
Each of these catchments is located in the Carpathian Bend area, a region where recent differential
vertical movements had already been documented. Our analysis has outlined that despite being
located in domains with comparable lithology, the headwater regions of the two rivers displayed
contrasting behaviours. Namely, the normalized steepness index computed for Putna is larger than
the one computed for Şuşiţa, hence Putna is subject to a faster uplift regime. The neotectonic
movements pattern suggested by this result is in overall agreement with the differential vertical
displacements previously inferred based on river terraces analysis.

83
 AN INTEGRATED PLATFORM FOR GROUND-MOTION MAPPING

Valentin Poncos1, Irina Stanciu2,7, Delia Teleaga1, Liviu Matenco3, István Bozsó3,4,
Alexandru Szakács5, Dan Birtas1, Stefan-Adrian Toma6, Adrian Stanica2, Vlad Radulescu2

1
Terrasigna SRL, Romania, 2 National Research and Development Institute for Marine Geology
and Geoecology – GeoEcoMar, Romania
3
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
4
Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science (ELKH EPSS), Hungary
5
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Science Academy, Romania
6
Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, Romania
7
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics (SGAR)

ABSTRACT
Ground and infrastructure stability are important for our technologically based civilization.
Infrastructure projects take into consideration the risk posed by ground displacement (e.g.,
seismicity, geological conditions, geomorphology). To address this risk, earth scientists and civil
engineers employ a range of measurement technologies, such as optical/laser leveling, GNSS and,
lately, SAR interferometry.
GNSS is a mature technology that was proven beyond doubt to be able to measure 3D topographic
changes with millimeter accuracy. GNSS data sets covering the whole world are processed for free
and publicly available from recognized groups, such as Nevada Geodetical Laboratory, where data
from around 19,000 GNSS stations are processed every day.
SAR-based persistent scatterers interferometry (PSInSAR) is a newer technique, certified to measure
displacements in the radar line of sight (SAR LOS) with accuracies similar to GNSS. The certification
process was led by the European Space Agency as part of the Terrafirma program designed to
validate the PSInSAR techniques and to select a number of service providers, among them,
Terrasigna.
It is a challenge to integrate motion data from different sensors.
This work describes a practical approach to address and validate integrated stability measurements
through the development of a platform that could be easily used by a variety of groups, from
geoscientists to civil engineers and private citizens with no training in this field.
Terrasigna’s PSTool platform (https://pstool.terrasigna.com/) enables quick cross-validation
between different data sources, easy detection of critical areas at all scales (from large-scale
individual buildings to small-scale tectonics) and can be linked to end-users from various
monitoring fields and countries for automated notifications. The platform is calibrated and validated
by an application of SAR interferometry data to specific situations in the general area of the
Romanian Carpathians and their foreland. The results demonstrate an interplay between
anthropogenically induced changes and high-amplitude active tectono–sedimentary processes
creating rapid regional and local topographic variations.
This work is closing the gap between the specialized monitoring work and the public, delivering the
full value of technology for societal benefits in a free and open manner.

84
INSPECTION OF LANDSLIDE PRONE AREAS PREDICTED BY THE GIS AND REMOTE
SENSING ANALYSIS – CASE STUDY FROM DAMBOVITA COUNTY

Florina Chitea1,2,3, Lucica Niculae2,3., Ioan Andrei Voda-Marc4,5, Mihaela-Violeta Gheorghe 4,

Lidia- Maria Nutu Dragomir 2,3, Nicolae Cruceru6, Mihail Diaconescu7

1
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest,
2
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy
3
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics
4
Faculty of Geography, University Of Bucharest
5
C.N.A.I.R. SA-CESTRIN,
6
Institute of Speleology, Romanian Academy
7
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania

ABSTRACT
During times, mass movement sequences that occurred in Dambovita County have been reported by
the authorities. An event that occurred in 2018, drowned the attention on this hazard as practically,
at the same time, areas from 13 localities were affected by the landslides. Between 2018-2020, among
the damages produced by the landslides in the region are to be mentioned: water supply pipes
deterioration, disturbance of electrical network, affected embankment of the railway on the Fieni-
Pietroşita route, damages to the access road of a few localities on different lengths, including small
bridges deterioration, water accumulation, destruction of parcels intended for agricultural activities,
and even critical situations that caused citizens evacuation due to the danger of house collapsing.
Given the facts, we’ve analyzed the risk of landslide occurrence in a central part of Dambovita
County, focusing on a sector between Fieni - Pucioasa Cities and surrounding villages. For the
selected area a GIS prediction was made using the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation, as
recommended by the national authorities (parameters and formula given by the HG 447/2003). For
understanding better the dynamics of the terrain, the satellite technique -Synthetic Aperture Radar
Interferometry (InSAR) was applied using data retrieved from the European Sentinel-1 A/B satellites
for producing representative maps for a span of 3 years, between 2018-2020. Furthermore, several
locations were selected to be inspected for checking the GIS and InSAR evaluations. Among these, 3
of them were studied in detail, using also ground-based geophysical measurements for learning more
about the triggering factors: a recently started landslide (Bela village), the area of the Gypsum
Career from Pucioasa, and the area of Fieni- Dam on the Ialomita river-left bank.

Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude to the Pucioasa City Hall officials for
ensuring access to the Gypsum Quarry and for the geotechnical documentation provided.

85
 MANAGEMENT OF UAV SYSTEMS’ FLIGHT MISSIONS FOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS

Sebastian Pop1

1
"Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania

ABSTRACT
Recent years’ development of UAV systems, both in terms of carrying capacity and navigation
algorithms, made possible to integrate different types of sensors on board. This has increased the
ability to collect data in different electromagnetic spectra at very high resolution and in short time.
We can say that this equipment has produced a revolution in data acquisition, just as satellites did
50 years ago.
This work aims to present a way in which UAV systems’ flight missions for geological surveys can be
managed in terms of legislative, logistical and technical-operational activities.
The European and national legislative framework imposes a series of safety rules for UAV systems’
flight missions, such as: all the UAV operators must be certified, the National Aeronautical Authority
must be notified on the aircraft flight missions, the UAV flight missions must be compliant with the
structures that manage the national airspace. There is also a component concerning the flight and
data collection prohibition in certain restricted areas.
Given the specific nature of the geological data surveys and the areas in which these activities are
carried out, any fieldwork requires logistical preparation with all the equipment and accessories
necessary to carry out the mission.
The specifics of flight missions for geological data surveys are different from how the UAV-type
systems are commonly used (photography, filming). One of the particularities of the geological data
surveys is that they must be operated at a very low height (about 2-3m) above ground level, which
requires some pre-planning activities for the flight path. This flight procedure is carried out
exclusively automatically, and for this to be carried out in complete safety for both ground staff and
the equipment used, it is necessary for the operators to identify in situ possible risks (e.g., rugged
terrain, trees). Therefore, UAV's navigation algorithm requires the availability of a quality GPS signal
as well as up-to-date 3D maps at a better resolution than satellite systems offer.
Mission planning also requires an accurate interpretation of the local weather situation, which has a
decisive impact on the execution of the flight mission.
All these legislative, logistical and technical-operational activities, properly planned and carried out,
lead to the collection of quality geological data using UAV-type systems.

86
 3D FINITE ELEMENTS DISCRETIZATION FOR SOME GEODETIC
NETWORKS IN ROMANIA

Doru Narvic Mateciuc 1, Andrei Bala 1

1
INCDFP, Bucuresti - Magurele, ROMANIA.

ABSTRACT
The present paper aimed to achieve the discretization in three-dimensional finite elements of some
geodetic networks in Romania. Two national geodetic networks and a regional geodetic network
were considered, developed by INCDFP and ANCPI, respectively the extended Vrancea network. For
each individual geodetic network, the discretization into finite elements in the plane was carried out
in a first step, then based on the depths H(i) at the Moho boundary under each node of the network,
the 3D discretization was carried out in the form of a right triangular prism finite element network.
The geodetic networks used in this paper were originally designed for different purposes. While the
extended Vrancea network, a regional network, was designed within a large international project,
CRC461, with the substantial participation of Romania, for scientific purposes, the ANCPI network
was designed mainly for cadastral purposes and subsequently for scientific purposes. The INCDFP
network is in continuous development and is designed through successive densification as a national
network for scientific purposes related to geodynamic studies.
The finite elements discretizations proposed in the paper have applicability in geodetic studies for
the components of the deformation tensor calculation for each finite element of the analyzed
networks.
The in-plane finite element used was the triangle, a very versatile element, and the three-
dimensional finite element used was consequently the right triangular prism. In the used
discretization, the conditions that must be fulfilled for the application of the finite element method
within the data processing of geodetic networks were taken into account, namely: (i) the
characteristics and properties of the approximation functions, (ii) the dimensions and number of
finite elements, (iii) typical finite element configuration.
A number of criteria have been considered in order to optimize the design of finite elements’
networks, which may be grouped into the following categories: (i) geometric criteria, (ii) geological
criteria, (iii) qualitative criteria.
The results of the work are materialized in maps and tables with finite elements and their geometric
characteristics. In conclusion, it can finally be said whether the maps and calculations made in this
paper meet the main requirements of the discretizations of the whole in finite elements and by
consequence what was done can be successfully used in the data processing stage of the geodetic
networks.

87
 A NAI(TL) DETECTOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES

Madalina Cruceru 1, Alin Titus Serban 1,

1
Department of Applied Nuclear Physics/ Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear
Engineering, Magurele, Romania

ABSTRACT
We propose a NaI(Tl) detector based on NaI(Tl) scintillator crystal for environmental and geological
samples. Our detector is an ensemble of a NaI(Tl) crystal with dimension of 2”x2”, mounted on a
XP2262 photomultiplier(Philips). The excellent light output of the crystal of NaI(Tl) is compatible
with the efficiency of photomultiplier bialkali photocathode. This detector is powered with a positive
voltage of 1000V. Gamma amplitude spectra with 10 keV energy resolution for the second peak of
1331keV for Co-60, can be obtained for samples under investigation. A qualitative and quantitative
analysis can be made versus geometry of measurement and versus of shape (point form and of
volume) of the sample. The time of acquisition spectra is long (24 hours or more) because the
geological samples present low radioactivity which needs long time acquisition and low background.
The chain of measurement contains a preamplifier included in the detector, a spectrometry amplifier
N968 from CAEN, a multichannel analyzer MCA N957 also from CAEN(Italy). All spectra are
analysed with Interwinner 6.0 software. The range of energies for NaI(Tl) detector is (0÷3000keV),
this making a good observation of sum peak for Co-60.A curve for absolute detection efficiency is
provided by above software. The activities of the samples can be calculated with this curve. For the
geologically samples hard to bring in laboratory, the NaI(Tl) probe is a mobile detector and can be
placed near the sample positioned in the geological site.

88
Session 6: Advances in numerical and analogue modelling, data processing and
visualisation, machine learning and artificial intelligence
 A NUMERICAL APPROACH TO LINK THE MECHANICAL DEFORMATION WITH
SEISMIC ATTENUATION OF THE CRUSTAL ROCKS

Maria Aurora Natale Castillo1, Magdala Tesauro 1,2, Mauro Cacace3

1
University of Trieste, Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, Italy.
2
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
3
German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Germany

ABSTRACT
The exploration and exploitation of the hydro-geothermal resources require a proper understanding
of the crustal rocks mechanical behaviour and of how the transition from brittle to ductile
deformation (BDT) occurs. These topics have been previously investigated mostly through
rheological experiments and numerical models.
In this study, we investigate how the crustal mechanical deformation correlates to depth variations
of seismic attenuation. This parameter provides an alternative assessment of the BDT and ductile
conditions within the crust. We rely on a numerical method, developed by Farina et al.
(10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.05.005), in which the Burgers and Gassmann mechanical model are
incorporated to derive shear wave attenuation ( ), which is then related to the rock’s rheology
through a shear viscosity parameter. For this purpose, we considered a wide range of rock rheology
(dry and wet) thermal conditions, and strain rates values. This allows us to establish thermo-
mechanical conditions at which the BDT occurs and to cross-correlate this transition to computed
shear seismic wave attenuation values.
We observe that variations with depth are more influenced by the input strain rate than rock‘s
rheology and thermal conditions, so that a fixed amount of Qs reduction can be used as a metric to
identify an average BDT depth for each strain rate used. Below this depth, we observe a significant
reduction in Qs (up to 10-4 % of the surface value), which depends on a second-order to the rocks’
temperature and rheology. We further demonstrate how Qs variation as function of temperature can
be quantitatively described via a third order polynomial function, determined by the rock’s rheology
and, to a lesser extent, by the imposed strain rate conditions. Since the greatest Qs reduction is
estimated for the greatest input strain rate (10 -13 s-1) and temperatures, the proposed method can find
more applicability in tectonically active/geothermal areas.

90
VRANCEA SEISMICITY THROUGH REPRODUCIBLE DATA-INTENSIVE ANALYSIS OF
SEISMOLOGICAL RECORDS

Natalia Poiata 1,2, Bogdan Grecu 1, Mircea Radulian 1, Dragos Tataru 1,

Felix Borleanu1 and Raluca Dinescu1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Romania
2
International Seismological Centre, UK

ABSTRACT
Romania is a country characterized by moderate seismic activity coming from a variety of tectonic
environments, from crustal earthquakes to intermediate-depth seismicity extending to 180 km depth
and confined to the seismogenic body of the Vrancea seismic zone. This seismic activity is monitored
by the national seismic network (Romanian Seismic Network - RSN) run by the National Institute for
Earth Physics (NIEP) in Magurele. Although the history of seismic monitoring by the RSN goes back
to 1888, its large-scale modernization and installation of the modern digital network started in
2000th. At its current stage RSN contains over 117 broadband and short period seismic stations
densely covering the area of the country. The data from the stations are stored at the national data
center of NIEP, representing a significant volume of high-quality seismological data.
Romanian earthquake catalog (ROMPLUS), released by NIEP, represents a comprehensive view of
the Romanian seismic activity that is built by compiling the data from historical catalogues and
events located using the modern data-analysis tools applied to the seismological data recorded by
RSN. The catalogue is accompanied by the earthquake bulletin containing the information on the
seismic phase arrivals and amplitude readings used for event location and magnitude estimations.
Although the established procedures for routine earthquake location and magnitude estimations are
fairly standard and well established, due to the modifications in the data processing scheme, the
adaptation of the different velocity model or formulas for magnitude calculations, it may often be
the case that event location or magnitudes provided in the catalogue for the different time periods
are inconsistent and cannot be directly compared among each other’s. Such variations are inevitable
and expected within the life-time of the earthquake monitoring and data processing centre. They,
however, can significantly affect the results of the studies using the catalog as an input dataset. Thus,
it is important to develop procedures that allow systematic and reproducible recalculation of the
location and magnitudes of the catalogued events in a consistent manner.
In this study we present a scheme for waveform-based earthquake analysis of the events from the
ROMPLUS catalogue making use of the revised NIEP bulletin phase arrivals and allowing to
recalculate event locations and magnitudes in a homogeneous and reproducible way. We compare
with the ROMPLUS the re-analysed event magnitudes and locations for the waveform data going
back to 2000th and accounting for ~20 years of recordings and discuss how the variations in the
assumed velocity model and data processing scheme affect the results. The proposed strategy allows
deriving different instances of the seismic catalogue corresponding to the assumptions of the
velocity models or magnitude calculation scheme and, thus, understanding of the sources of the
errors associated to the reported events.

91
 HIGH – RESOLUTION ANALYSIS OF THE INTERMEDIATE – DEPTH SEISMICITY
PATTERNS IN THE VRANCEA REGION (ROMANIA): TOWARDS A BETTER
ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE RISK

Alina Coman 1, 2, Felix Borleanu 1, Laura Petrescu 1, Anica Otilia Placinta 1,

Bogdan Enescu1, 3, 4 Natalia Poiata1, 5, Mircea Radulian 1, 4, 6

1. National Institute for Earth Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania (coman@infp.ro)

2. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
3. Department of Geophysics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
4. Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
5. International Seismological Centre, Thatcham, UK
6. Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
The seismic activity in Romania is dominated by the subcrustal seismicity that occurs in a
very confined volume at the bending of the Eastern Carpathians (Vrancea region). This is one of the
most active intracontinental seismic areas in the world, with a primarily compressive stress regime
and considerable tectonic deformation highlighted by up to four major earthquakes (M>7) every
century, generating the highest seismic hazard in Central and Eastern Europe.
We present first results obtained by relocating subcrustal seismicity in the Vrancea area
recorded in the Romanian earthquake catalogue ROMPLUS between 2000 and 2021 using the double
- difference technique based cross - correlation and differential travel times. HypoDD lowers the
travel time difference between pairs of earthquakes and uses properties of ray propagation and
waveform similarity to decrease unmodeled heterogeneity through cross - correlation.
Preliminary results of the relocation analysis reveal more tightly clustered seismicity in the
subcrustal domain. A possible seismic gap between 100 - 120 km is better constrained in the new
hypocentral data distribution. Our results have a significant impact on the evaluation of seismicity
rates and, more fundamentally, bring fresh insight on the Vrancea seismogenic volume architecture.

92
 SINGLE-PHASE FLUID’S VOLUME FLUX MODELLING IN A LAYERED
HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA

Olusegun Alabi 1, Iwa Akanni 1

1
Solid Earth Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osun State University,
Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
A single-phase fluid flow through an Intermediate Scale Experiment (ISE) of Layered Heterogenous
Medium (LHPM) has been studied using Darcy’s law. This was to highlight the effect of the porosity
vis-a-vis permeability change at the contact interface of layered media. This heterogeneity is
responsible for the refraction-like phenomenon experienced by fluids at the contact interface.
Therefore, hydraulic parameters such as seepage velocity, hydraulic conductivity, permeability and
volume flux were obtained using an ISE. Contrarily to expectation, the mean volume flux (v)
decreased as the porosity ratio (r) increased from 0.5952 to 0.7508. After which, v underwent a
staggering increase, as r tends to 0. 9524. In addition, a statistical test (significance level =0.05) on
the variance of v as a function of r revealed no evidence of equality, but Tukey’s post hoc test
revealed a three-way grouping. Furthermore, a robust model was obtained using Least Trimmed
Square (LTS) algorithm due to the failure of the ordinary least square assumption. This model
predicts the probable volume flux of fluid flow lines crossing the contact interface of LHPMs of
known porosity ratio (r) and inclination for any zone of interest. These findings could find usage in
smart injection well management systems for waterflooding before the hydrocarbon front is
encountered – as reservoirs’ stratifications can be upscaled to fit into the description of LHPMs. Also,
applications could be found in capillary barrier cover systems used for pollution control.

93
Session 7: Conventional, sustainable and unconventional resources, including
mineral resources and landfills
 CONTRIBUTION OF GEOPHYSICAL AND BOREHOLE DATA IN THE STUDY OF THE
STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHATIC SERIES OF LOUTA DEPOSIT
(GANTOUR PLATEAU, MOROCCO)

Anas Charbaoui1, Azzouz Kchikach1,2, Mohammed Jaffal1,2, Jean Louis Bodinier1,3, Bouazzaoui
Eljabbar1, Oussama Khadiri Yazami4, Mourad Guernouche4, Es-Saïd Jourani4

1
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Geology and Sustainable Mining (GSM), Benguerir, Morocco
2
Cadi Ayyad University, Georessources, Geoenvironment & Civil Engineering Laboratory, Marrakech,
Morocco, 3University of Montpellier & CNRS, Geosciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
4
OCP Group, Casablanca, Morocco

ABSTRACT
Subsurface imaging is an efficient tool for basins study at different scales. The integration of
subsurface and surface geological information has clear implications for geological modeling and
resource exploration. For that purpose, sedimentary basins are generally investigated using an
indirect approach based on geophysical methods or direct recognition by boreholes and surface
geological observations. These investigations help acquire a variety of geoscientific data that can be
used in the conception of geological models. This work is based on the joint analysis of this kind of
data. It is concerned with the study of the Bahira basin that hosts, together with the Gantour
plateau, an important part of Morocco’s phosphate reserves.
The eastern Bahira basin has been the subject of numerous geophysical surveys among which the
most known are the regional gravity and vertical electrical sounding (VES) coverage. The gravity
survey was conducted by the Moroccan Ministry of Energy and Mines for mineral exploration
purposes. However, the VES survey was carried out by the Tensift Basin Hydraulic Agency within the
framework of a hydrogeological investigation project.
The present study represents the first step of our thesis project. It is concerned with the compilation
of geophysical and geological information about the eastern Bahira basin through the analysis and
interpretation of the available data. Its main objective is to provide a good knowledge of the geology
of this basin.
The processing and interpretation of gravity data were performed using contacts analysis methods
based on filtering techniques including Total Horizontal Gradient and Upward continuation. This
helps detect major geological structures such as faults and geological contacts which are totally or
partially covered by plio-quaternary deposits. In addition, the gravity anomalies perfectly delineated
the basement structural highs as well as the sedimentary thickening in depressions and grabens.
Furthermore, the analysis of VES and borehole data provide precisions about the deep structure of
the phosphatic series of the eastern Bahira basin in terms of deepening and thickness lateral change.
The projected studies also include performing measurements of Electrical Resistivity Tomography to
get a better knowledge of the geometry and the lateral extent of potential geological units in the
study area.

96
 GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE MINERALIZED ZONE IN DEFTA AREA,
WADI HAM, UAE.

Bahaa Eldin Mahmoud Amin1, Abdel-Rahman Fowler1 & Mahmoud B. M. Amin2

1
Geosciences Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi
2
Author’s: Chemistry & petroleum Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi

ABSTRACT
The ~96 Ma Semail (Oman) ophiolite includes a relatively intact thrust slice of Tethyan oceanic crust
and upper mantle formed above a NE-dipping subduction zone, that was the site of initiation of
obduction. In the northern Oman mountains, the Bani Hamid metamorphic block is 1.2 km thick
and composed of isoclinally folded granulite facies rocks sandwiched between blocks of mantle
peridotite. The metamorphics were exhumed by late-stage out-of-sequence thrusting bringing a slice
of lower crust rocks to the surface. The Bani Hamid block comprises two-pyroxene quartzites and
amphibolites with localized partial melting, intruded by hornblende pegmatites. Differentiation of
mafic and ultramafic magmas deep within the spreading centres led to concentration of chromite
and minor sulfides, and these processes are important for the formation of ore deposits within the
oceanic crust. There are other massive sulfide deposits that have formed in the ophiolitic volcanic
environment. These include chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite-mineralized NW-trending shear
zones within Bani Hamid paraschists. The sulphide-mineralized shear zones lie near to and parallel
with the Wadi Ham Fault Zone, a complex post-obduction shear zone with early mylonitization and
later brittle reactivation. The geochemistry of ore rocks shows that the XRD analysis for the
mineralization zone consists of two groups of minerals: 1) copper sulfide group, e.g., pyrite,
chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, cosalite, baliczunicite, hawleyite, portlandite, kuramite, and mohite; and 2)
manganese group such as coronadite, szomolnokite and szmikite, accompanied by sphalerite,
magnetite and hematite. AAS analysis for all of the ore samples shows average to high values of Fe
(15.6 %), Ti (0.3 %), Cu (0.8 %), S (0.4 %), Cr and Mn (0.1%), Sb (6.5ppm), Mo (30.0 ppm) and Ag (1.6
ppm). ICP analyzed samples have higher values of Cu, Zn, Ag, Ni, Mn, Fe, Au, Hg, Cr, S, Mo, Pb and
Co).

97
 VARIATIONS IN EXTENT AND IMPACT OF DOLOMITIZATION ON RESERVOİR
QUALITY OF FORELAND-BASIN CARBONATES (UPPER CRETACEOUS),
ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

S. Morad1, U. Farouk2, M. Alsuwaidi1, H. Mansurbeg3, I.S. Al-Aasm4, M. Hozayen5

1
Department of Earth Science, Khalifa University (The Petroleum Institute), Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates
2
Abu Dahabi National Oil Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
3
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineerin, Soran University, The Kurdistan
Region of Iraq, Iraq
4
School of the Environment, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
5
United Eastern Petroleum Services, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT
Petrography, petrophysics and stable isotopes of a foreland basin carbonate reservoir (the Simsima
Formation, Upper Cretaceous), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates are used to constrain the spatio-
temporal variations in extent of dolomitization and of its impact on reservoir quality. Data obtained
suggest that impact of on porosity and permeability are strongly controlled by depositional textures
of precursor limestones and by subsequent diagenetic evolution of the dolostones. Dolomitization of
peritidal mudstones and wackestones occurred in evaporative peritidal sabkha environment by
penesaline brines. This interpretation is supported by high 18OVPDB (up to +1.9‰) of the dolomite
and the presence of rare poikilotopic gypsum in dolostones, scattered laths and micro-nodules of
presumably calcitized gypsum. Dolomitization resulted in the formation of micropore-dominated
microcrystalline dolostones with limited improvement of porosity and permeability. Dolomitization
in this facies was commonly localized along bioturbation sites. Dolomitization of the subtidal, shoal
and ramp margin/slope packstones and grainstones by seepage reflux of penesaline brines resulted
in the formation of coarser-crystalline dolostones with abundant well-connected intercrystalline and
moldic macropores and lower 18 OVPDB (-6.0‰ to -4.2‰). Mesogenetic processes in the carbonate
succession include: (i) cementation (rhombic and saddle dolomite, pyrite, celestite and fluorite) by
dolomite-saturated hot basinal (hydrothermal) brines (Th = 70-95°C; salinity =18-20 wt.% NaCl).
Subsequently, calcititization of dolomite (dedolomitization) and cementation of intercrystalline
pores occurred by calcite-saturated, hot basinal brines (Th = 80°C; salinity = 20 wt.% NaCl).
Migration of these hot basinal brines occurred along deep vertical faults. The small differences in
porosity and permeability of dolostones between the crest and flanks suggest that: (a) most
diagenesis occurred prior to oil emplacement, which took place in Oligocene, and (b) the shallow
maximum burial depths reached by the formation (around 1.3 km).

98
Session 8: Geoscience education and societal awareness on climate change and other
hazards. Geoheritage and humanitarian geophysics
 PLACING A GEOSCIENTIST IN SOCIETY THROUGH GEOHERITAGE

Benjamin van Wyk de Vries 1, Eveling Espinoza 2, Marie-Noelle Guilbaud 3

Nelida Manrique 4, Julie Morin 5, Cécile Genovese 6

1
Université Clermont Auvergne, Observatoire du Physique du Globe de Clermont Laboratoire
Magmas et Volcans, IRD, UMR6524-CNRS, France.
2
Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales, INETER, Managua, Nicaragua.
3
Universidad Autónoma de México, México DF, México.
4
INGEMMET (Instituto Nacional de Geología, Metalúrgica y Minera), Arequipa, Peru.
5
The Univeristy of Cambridge, Department of Geography, Cambridge, UK
6
The Possible Island, VULCANIAMO (https://www.facebook.com/vulcaniamo).

ABSTRACT
The Lithosphere, with its surface expressions of landscape and rock outcrops is an essential part of
our cultural and societal existence. The Lithosphere forms and provides many of the fundamental
environmental factors not only for economic existence, but importantly the Lithosphere is the basis
for the development of sense of place of individuals and a communities. In all aspects of a
geoscientist's work, be it for resources, geotechnics, curiosity driven research or to deal with risks,
we act in a way that affects and interacts with this sense of place. Geoscientists have their own very
special sense of place created by our own closeness to the Lithosphere and to the areas and
landscapes where we work. This provides us with a plink to share with society and to work within
society (rather than locked up in our labs and institutes). Geoheritage provides us with a structured
way of dealing with sense of place and can be used to adapt our activities so that they (and we) can
better fit the culture and landscape of an area. Thus we can act in a more harmonious way with
society and nature. The UNESCO International Geosciences Programme project 692 is an
exploration of this, and I will show methods of geoscience working through geoheritage with sense
of place and sense of community to try to reach equitable outcomes for geological activities in
mining exploration, resource management and extraction and risk reduction with and within
communities, societies. The examples come from places such as the quarries of Arequipa, Peru, from
geothermal exploration campaigns in Central America, risk resilience work in Nicaragua, and on the
Island of Vulcano, Italy, or the building stones of Clermont-Ferrand, France. This is a way to bring
the Lithosphere into the homes, houses and for us to find our place within humanity.

100
 THE GEOSCIENCE OFFICER PROGRAM - ADVOCACY INITIATIVE FOR MORE
GEOSCIENCE TOPICS IN SCHOOLS

Dragos Tataru1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics

ABSTRACT
The European Geosciences Union (EGU) is Europe’s premier geosciences union, dedicated to the
pursuit of excellence in the Earth, planetary, and space sciences for the benefit of humanity
worldwide. In 2019, the EGU began a new initiative to appoint Geoscience Education Field Officers
and train them to provide professional development to school teachers with elements of geoscience
in their teaching curriculum. From 2022, the program expanded from five to eleven European
countries, Romania being one of these represented countries. Following the aims and objectives of
the program, at the national level, the first steps focus on three important directions:
1. Partnership with schools and delivering teachers' training. We use existing dedicated networks
(e.g. Romanian Educational Seismic Network) and reference events (e.g. National Conference for
STEM Teachers) to develop geoscience-focused activities for STEM and non-STEM teachers.
2. Connecting with Professional Societies that serve many segments of the geoscience community
and constitute a large geoscientific network. These professional societies can play especially valuable
roles in stimulating collaborations among scientists and educators and in outreach to the public.
3. Bringing "cutting-edge" research into the education mainstream in the framework of summer
schools and public outreach events. For example, many activities are dedicated to students and
teachers during the European Researchers Night annual project. Through national contests, school
activities, workshops, and webinars delivered by researchers for teachers and their students,
representative subjects from the field of geosciences are brought to attention in an interactive and
engaging way.
In this study, we will present, alongside the short and medium plan, the advancement of the
program in terms of activities delivered, feedback from the beneficiaries, and the impact assessment
strategy. A call for collaboration on further initiatives and future perspectives will not conclude but
rather (hopefully) start the discussions.

101
TO BE OR NOT TO BE A LIVING PLANET. A SUMMER SCHOOL RESEARCH PROJECT
FOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS

Eduard Necula 1 Eduard Năstase 1

Bogdan Zaharia, Alina Coman 1, 2, Dragos Tataru 1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Magurele, Romania

ABSTRACT
Research-based education is a well-established term, especially in the higher education system. It is
already documented from research education studies that education in general and science
education, in particular, has to be based on cutting-edge research, to remain relevant for the
students.
This paper will demonstrate how a real research subject can be transformed into an educational
activity in a research project done by students and researchers in the framework of a Summer School
of Science and Technology.
Each year a two-week summer school for high school pupils is proposed and supported by the
National Institute for Earth Physic, Romania, alongside partners, national research institutes, and
universities. It seeks to attract students to the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) career path. This is accomplished by providing mentoring focused on enhancing student
learning, opportunities for students to contribute meaningfully to research, experience with current
research practice, and opportunities to create research products. The paper presents the 2022 Earth
Science proposed project with all the results obtained in the Summer School of Science and
Technology.
The goals of the project were to investigate the interior of an “imaginary” planet and discover what
earthquake recording instruments exist, how they work, and how, as the students understand the
principles of operation, they could build their own seismometer and record vibrations generated by a
diversity of sources: from urban noise to thunder and lightning, from a stadium full of enthusiastic
supporters to the rhythmic movement of trains. In the era of technology, monitoring the
environment or even the planets with the help of different types of sensors acquires new and new
values. Finally, following the guidance of researchers from the National Institute of Earth Physics,
the students created an experimental setup to simulate the cooling model for rocky planets, made
and assembled their own seismometer, analyzed and presented the results.

102
 EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES FOR GEOPHYSICS AND STEAM RELATED ACTIVITIES

Vanciu Rău Adina 1,2, Tătaru Dragoș 1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Magurele, Romania
2
West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania

ABSTRACT
Earth Science education has a long and complex evolution, and over time classical geophysics-
related disciplines were complimented by additional multidisciplinary activities. Introducing
complex notions of geophysics through STEAM activities may represent a challenge and a different
approach to the teaching and learning process for teachers and students.
We strongly consider that the link between the educational environment and the research field can
be accomplished through outreach activities such as summer schools, field trips, science fairs, and
events, with the main part dedicated to teachers’ professional development. Introducing geophysics
through demonstrations and acquiring new communication skills within a more emphatic and
communicative approach can set new milestones for teachers and students in the learning process.
Thus, we propose a set of activities to facilitate a creative learning experience in which teachers can
rely on non-formal methods for delivering notions of physics, mathematics and earth science.
For the proper development and integration of STEAM activities in the educational system, is
essential to find the links between researchers, teachers, and students and deliver information in an
accessible and attractive way.
Such an experience was delivered during the Culture Quest event, where researchers and artists gave
their contest and involved 12 high students for 6 days, in STEAM activities. The workshops,
developed as art projects, delivered a new insight into seismology for the participants. In this
context, the research activity was transferred to the beneficiaries through art.

103
 THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING GEOPHYSICS
THROUGH FIELD ACTIVITIES FROM A STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE

Alina Oprișan 1

1
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Romania

ABSTRACT
This paper aims to provide students’ perspectives on the impact that hands-on training through field
activities and extracurricular geo-trips have on learning geosciences. It sums up the opinion of both
undergraduate and graduate students of the Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of
Bucharest, that participated in several field activities:
- minimum of four field activities as part of the Geophysics or Engineering Geology curricula
- at least two extracurricular field activities, organized as part of cooperation agreements
between student organizations, NGOs or Professional Associations (i.e., Society of Exploration
Geophysicists - SEG, the Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics - SGAR) and the Faculty of
Geology and Geophysics.
Generally, the field activities have had several components and depending on their specific thematic,
included: geological mapping and outcrops observations, rocks and groundwater sampling, analysing
of the geo-hazards, designing a survey with specific geophysical equipment for observing the
geological structure and locating resources, or for understanding the triggering factors of a specific
hazard.
The undergraduate students appreciated that such activities helped them better understand the
theoretical approach, giving them a glimpse of what working in Geology/Geophysics looks like.
Moreover, it resulted that increasing the exposure of students to field activities has a positive impact
on reducing school dropouts and on their decision to continue studying Geophysics in Master's
programs.
Graduated students considered that the activities which comprised geophysical field measurements
boosted their skills in data acquisition and helped them to understand the importance of selecting
adequate geophysical acquisition methods according to the survey objectives. Geological
interpretation of geophysical data, as the continuation process of the geophysical field
measurements, helped students to better understand the geological target of the survey. Field
activities were also seen as an opportunity for them to improve their teamwork skills which are very
important in securing a job in geology or geophysics. All-in-all, this inspired them to participate in
scientific meetings with presentations, helped them build a CV, get access to job interviews more
easily, and develop professionally.

Acknowledgments: The author wishes to acknowledge the project members of the GEYSIR Project
(https://geysirbaiamare.ro/) and teaching staff of the Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, the
University of Bucharest who facilitated the field activities and student training, as well as the
Professional Associations (i.e., Society of Exploration Geophysicists - SEG, the Romanian Society of
Applied Geophysics - SGAR) for sustaining field activities and fellow students who participated at
fieldworks.

104
 MONITORING CHANGES IN HUMAN ACTIVITY BEFORE, DURING
AND AFTER THE COVID-19 IN CITIES FROM ROMANIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS
USING SEISMIC NOISE

Tolea Andreea 1,2, Grecu Bogdan 1, Neagoe Cristian 1

1
National Institute for Earth Physics, Magurele, Romania.
2
Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus, COVID-19, was discovered, quickly spreading
worldwide. Every country faced different social and economic measures to reduce the population's
infection, known as lockdown. The first lockdown in Europe was imposed in Italy, followed by the
other countries immediately. The authorities in Romania decreed the lockdown in March 2020 and
held it for three months. During this time, limited mobility in public areas and leaving home
restrictions were applied. In this work, we assess the evolution of Ambient Seismic Noise (ASN)
before (18 months), during (3 months) and after (18 months) the pandemic lockdown for several
stations located in different cities in Romania and neighbouring countries. We show a significant
reduction of the seismic noise level in the high-frequency domain (1-40 Hz) during the COVID-19
lockdown period compared to the period before. After the authorities' measures expired, while the
world resumed its activity day by day, the ASN also showed an increasing trend. This indicates the
significant impact of anthropogenic activities in ASN recordings, making, thus, the ASN valuable and
easy-to-obtain data for monitoring changes in human activities.

105
 REȘCA-ROMULA ARCHEOLOGİCAL SİTE – RESULTS OF THE GEOPHYSİCAL AND
ARCHEOLOGİCAL RESEARCH CAMPAİGN 2022

Mircea Negru 4,5 , Florina Chitea1,2,3, Nicolae Cruceru7, Florin Ciulavu6, Mihaela Bleoancă6,
Sabin Popovici8, Ilinca Artene9, Vlad George Cruceru10

1
Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest,
2
Institute of Geodynamics, Romanian Academy
3
Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics
4
Spiru Haret University, Bucharest 5University of Craiova
6
Olt County Museum, Romania 7Institute of Speleology, Romanian Academy
8
Museum of Romanati Caracal, Romania 9Ion Creangă National College, Bucharest
10
Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
The Reșca-Romula archaeological site (Dobrosloveni commune, Olt County, Romania), covers an area of
over 3.6 km2, being, therefore, the largest of its kind in the Oltenia region. Moreover, in flourishing time,
Romula was the largest urban, economic and cultural center in Dacia Inferior (Malvensis), where the
governor of this Roman province resided and ruled. Given this large covered area, its investigation takes
time and is extended over multiple campaigns carried out in different years.
This paper presents the findings of the archaeological campaign of 2022, which continued the
systematic exploration started in the previous year, carried out in the central area of the former
Roman city.
The dug-up perimeter was previously scanned by means of a ground conductivity meter operating at
a low induction number which provided measurement of both the quad-phase and in-phase
components. It revealed some alignments of interest suggesting the presence of brick walls, paved
sectors, and a few high-intensity magnetic anomalies which could be associated with hearths, ovens,
or metals.
Some sectors of the geophysical surveyed perimeter were included in the research project approved
by National Committe of Archaeology for 2022 campaign and allowed to unveil the presence of walls
associated with two construction stages and pavements of different types. The pavements found in
the Reșca-Romula archaeological site are sometimes made of mortar, sometimes of Roman burnt
bricks. As revealed by excavations, sometimes the original pavement is covered by another layer of
construction material whose thickness is variable. For example, in the 2022 archeological campaign
was found a layer of mortar with variable preserved thickness -ranging from 3 cm up to 19 cm -
covering a pavement of bricks but also a Roman mortar pavement overlapped by a brick pavement
which seems to be part of a building. Besides the archaeological structures, in the excavated sector
an impressive number of small-sized artifacts (metals, ceramic) were also found. The research will
continue in the next campaign established for 2023.

Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude to the Slatina Museum, Faculty of Geology
and Geophysics, and the Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics (SGAR), for providing support in
the research activity performed on the archeological site for the 2022 campaign.

106
 APPLIED MAGNETOMETRY IN A STUDENTS’ GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
OF “CÂMPUL BOJA” ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (BUCHAREST)

Alina Oprișan

University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Romania

ABSTRACT
The “Câmpul Boja” archaeological site is located in the western part of Bucharest (Militari district),
south of the “Lacul Morii” lake, on both sides of Boja street. The first archaeological excavations at
the “Câmpul Boja” site commenced in 1958, and continued over the next years in various sectors, as
summarized by M.Negru et al. (2002). Here we report the results of the magnetometric
measurements performed in this site, as part of the July 2022 training activities for students
organized by the Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest. The main objective of
the application was to prepare students for performing magnetometric surveys while aiming to
locate anomalous sources, some of which could be of archaeological interest. The magnetometric
survey was carried out in a perimeter of around 150 meters, on two sets of profiles. The first one was
performed with approximately N-S orientation using 2 m spacing between the profiles. Additionally,
another sector was measured using profiles oriented E-W direction. A G-859AP Cesium vapor
magnetometer with integrated GPS Smart Antenna (Geometrics, Inc.), in quasi-continuous data
acquisition mode (5 samples/second) was used.
Through data processing and geophysical mapping, separate several bipolar-type anomalies
characterized by large amplitudes (i.e. ≥100 nT) were detected, which could indicate previously
unknown shallow-depth targets. A preliminary analysis of these anomalies shows a burial depth for
the sources of about 1–2 meters.
In the light of these results, it is considered that a detailed geophysical survey in the area would be
useful as a support for the archeological research of the site.

Acknowledgments: For this study, the author gratefully acknowledges the support and guidance
received from Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bogdan Mihai Niculescu – Department of Geophysics, Faculty of
Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, and from the group of students who participated
in the magnetometric data acquisition.

107
 GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR THE GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY EVALUATION OF THE NE PANNONIAN BASIN

Ionelia Panea1, Ioan Munteanu 1,2, Florina Chitea1,2

1
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics,
2
Romanian Academy Institute for Geodynamics “Saba Stefanescu”

ABSTRACT
Using the Norway Grants Financial Mechanism, in the frame of the project with the acronym Geysir-
Baia Mare RO-NO-2019-0428 (https://geysirbaiamare.ro/) has started the most recent program for
finding new clean renewable energy (geo)sources in the NE Pannonian Basin – Romania.
The Geysir-Baia Mare Project integrates the newest geophysical technologies for geothermal
potential assessment in the selected area and the know-how accumulated in the recent decades for
the investigation and understanding of the earth structures and underground fluids migration.
The geophysical investigation includes magnetotelluric, magnetics, and passive and active seismic
data acquisition. By analyzing the preliminary results of the seismic and integrating the observations
from geological mapping were obtained details on the geometry of the basin which includes tilted
and rotated blocks with associated syn-tectonic basin formation, filled by siliciclastic deposits.
The resulting GEOdatabase is used and continuously updated with the results of each field-
campaign aiming of constructing the geological model and hydrogeological model of the area and,
following the data interpretation, to evaluate the geothermal potential of the NE Pannonian realm.

Acknowledgments: The data used for assessing the geothermal potential of the NE Pannonian
Basin was obtained in the frame of the project named “Geothermal energy sources identification
after joint interpretation of geo-data from the Baia Mare area (Romania)” founded by Norway Grants
– Collaborative Research Projects. Program Operator: UEFISCDI, Collaborative Research Projects –
Norway Grants Call 2019

108
 KARST AQUIFERS AND THERMAL BATHS - CASE STUDIES

Maria Boștenaru Dan 1, Mirela Adriana Anghelache 2, Cerasella Craciun 1,

Anca Cezarina Fulger 3, Mara Popescu 1,4

1
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Romania
2
Institute of Geodynamics of Romanian Academy, Romania
3
Center for Comparative Studies in Ancient History - CICSA - University of Bucharest, Romania
4
“G.E.Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania

ABSTRACT
The city of Budapest has a particular geological setting, which comprises a hypogenic thermal karst. The
Danube River flows along a normal fault that separates the Buda Hills from the Great Plain. Thus,
Budapest is well known for its thermal baths, most of which can be found in the Buda part of the city,
along the Danube shore. The karst formation is associated with the hot and CO2 enriched waters flowing
through Triassic and Eocene limestone. Here, an interesting complex to study is the one formed by the
Gellert thermal bath, built in the Art Nouveau style and the neighboring interwar stone church, carved in
the Gellert Mountain. Further, up north, we can discover other baths built in the time of Turkish
occupation or from Socialist times, except the Lukacs bath, an eclectic style building still in the place of a
former Turkish bath. In the other half of the city, Pest, we find the Szechenyi bath, designed in an Art
Nouveau style and representative of Mini-Europe in Brussels, but it’s not connected to the karst. Beside
the old locations with geothermal water, newly opened caves can be found in the Buda castle and further
up north, in the natural park Danube-Ipoly, the Szemlö Mountain and the Pál valley karst. The Duna-
Ipoly Park is part of the major landscapes along the Danube.
For comparison, we’ve selected the constructions related to the water discharges from Băile
Herculane, which occur within the Dubova Nappe (Berza et al. 1994). The Dubova Nappe basement
includes the Cerna granitoid pluton system, on which there are deposited Mesozoic age sediments
that incorporates also the Middle-Late Jurassic carbonate series. This series has associated karst
phenomena, including thermal water emergences (Povară et al. 2015, Mitrofan et al., 2018 -
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1846-7).
The baths of Băile Herculane are located in the south-western part of the Southern Carpathians in
Romania, with a unique natural and built heritage, including Art Nouveau foreign architects, for example at
former Hotel Dacia, currently in a neglected state. Built by the order of Emperor Trajan and officially
attested during 153 AD, related in the past to the legend of Hercules (according to which the hero himself
bathed here), Therme Herculis Spa is considered the most ancient in Romania. Renowned since antiquity
for its healing chloride-rich thermal waters, whose main reservoir rocks are the Cerna granitoids and the
Middle-Late Jurassic limestones (Povară et al. 2008, https://doi.org/10.5038/1937-8602.53.2.4, Mitrofan et al.,
2018 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1846-7), it was the object of frequent pilgrimages even of the
Roman imperial aristocracy. Many of the buildings next to the thermal baths and the statues discovered
were dedicated to Hercules, Asclepius and Hygieia, personages of antic mythology. On the border with the
Băile Herculane resort there is a group of small limestone caves, which could be considered "thermal caves''
because they discharge either steam or hot chloride-rich groundwater from a nearby geothermal reservoir.
The caves are included in the Domogled-Valea Cerna National Park and Romanian Sites of Community
Importance Natura 2000 Site.

109
 NATURAL PARKS AND UNDERGROUND BUILT HERITAGE
COMMUNITY VALORISATION

Cerasella Craciun 1, Maria Boștenaru Dan 1, Mara Popescu 1.3, Adrian Ibric 1, Mirela Adriana
Anghelache 2, Anca Cezarina Fulger 4

1
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Romania
2
Institute of Geodynamics of Romanian Academy, Romania
3
“G.E.Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania
4
Center for Comparative Studies in Ancient History - CICSA - University of Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT
The idea of including the underground built heritage in a natural park will be handled dealing with
Apuseni Mountains, the western part of the Carpathians mountains in Romania, holding a unique
natural and built rural landscape heritage. Roșia Montană, situated in Apuseni Mountains and
included on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2021, is today the richest area in Europe in deposits
of precious metals. The archaeological site from Rosia Montana is dating back to the conquest of
Dacia and its transformation into a province by Roman Emperor Trajan in 106 AD. Called Alburnus
Maior in antiquity, the settlement was the most important gold-mining centre in the Roman
Empire, which nowadays preserves dozens of kilometers of underground galleries. Currently, many
of them cannot be visited, being partially flooded or considered unstable.
The case study is comparable to the Three Countries Park (3LP) at the border triangle of Belgium,
Germany and the Netherlands, which is a case study of the “Underground built heritage as catalyser
for community valorisation” COST action, a natural park featuring cavities from which many result
from mining activities. Apart from being a case study for the COST action, the Park was featured also
by the UNISCAPE lecture series and was handled at the Le Notre forum 2020 as a 3 countries
landscape. Both these endeavors have to do with landscape. This is not the only Park featuring a
post-mining landscape, another is the IBA Emscher Park in the Ruhr area, which also displays a
strong component of community valorisation.
The Roșia Montană case is a special one as it is not about coal mining for energy but about gold
mining, shut down in 2006 – 2007. The heritage of Bucium village in the neighbourhood builds a
year long case study of RPER on community valorisation. In this case, the natural and cultural
landscape was a unique „development vector” and a particular specific key, which led to the rural
development of the area. The oral and immaterial traditions of the area have integrated with rural
life and traditional gold mining techniques, reflected in the pattern of the vernacular houses and in
the rural patterns of the village, as well as in the specific mining mechanisms, that use eco-
sustainable methods, that preserve the memory of the place.

110
 INSIGHTS OF THE GEOTOURISTIC POTENTIALOF THE
CÂMPULUNG MUSCEL REGION

Dobrescu Carmen Ileana

University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Geography of Tourism

ABSTRACT
In this study are presented some peculiarities of several tourist attractions from Argeș
county, the Muscelelor region, a location that poses great potential in terms of geological
tourism, which, so far, was less considered.
Among other functions, Campulung was the first capital of Wallachia (Țara Românească)
and was also named "the capital of Romanian writing", due to the fact that the oldest
preserved document written in Romanian, namely "Letter of the nobleman Neacșu”, is
attributed to a nobleman from Campulung.
Besides the uniqueness of the city in terms of historical-cultural features, the surroundings
of Câmpulung are also impressive from different perspectives. In a confined area one can
discover geological and paleontological sites reservations situated in Albestii de Muscel (the
geological-paleontological reservation comprising Nummulitic limestones and the nearby
geological reservation comprising granites blocks), while at Suslănești one can see pieces of
evidence of former shallow-deep water covered area, preserving the remains of Oligocene
fish fauna. Besides this, other geo-sites in the region can be seen, such as “Râpa Șoimului"
which can be classified as a geomorphological attraction, as it represents a process of
current relief modeling in the Brătiei Basin.
There is also the potential for starting a tour of the outcrops which can comprise the vicinity
of religious monuments of Nămăiești and Corbii de Piatră. The mentioned religious
monuments have as a particularity the fact that are integrated into natural stone, either
partial (Nămăiești is dug in conglomerates, having also 2 marginal walls built) or fully carved
in (Bostenaru Dan et al., 2022 -https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7022977).
In the region are also known several water sources with a special chemical composition. For
example, two tapped water sources from Campulung (Park Kretulescu and Liceu Golescu),
are characterized by high (>8) pH values and low mineralization (Chitea F., 2015- DOI:
10.5593/SGEM2015/B13/S5.107).
The touristic potential of the area is enhanced by the archaeological sites Jidova and the
relative recent discovered one of Lerești, the Monumental Ensemble of Valea Mare- Mateiaș,
and the Cetățuia-Negru-Vodă Hermitage who is positioned on the right bank of the Chiliilor
River, on top of a sandstone-conglomeratic lithofacies (Jipa et al., 2020)
Considering the tourist attractions identified in the region, it is obvious that they need to be
popularized and visited both for their scientific importance, the uniqueness of the
phenomena, the beauty of the environment, the tourist potential, and for the desire to
know, value, protect and preserve these places.

111
 ARCHITECTURE OF GEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS

Maria Boștenaru Dan 1, Mara Popescu 1,2, Adrian Ibric 1,

Mirela Adriana Anghelache 3, Cerasella Craciun 1

1
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Romania
2
“G.E.Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania
3
Institute of Geodynamics of Romanian Academy, Romania

ABSTRACT
This contribution will introduce an exceptional type of science museum. More specifically, we will be
talking about the geological museum and its components, of science and natural science museums,
including paleontological (fossils) museums and ones that can be found as UNESCO sites, for
instance, the building in Mendrisio and the one from Messel, near Darmstadt, Germany, designed in
the contemporary style of the 21st century.
Firstly, there will be a brief introduction to the architectural programme of the selected museums
which will be followed by the presentation of several architectural projects. Here, the discussion will
consider certain design concepts of the whole museum as a building and its gardens, including some
examples on which the authors of this paper have worked on, and which are related to science
history, natural history, living or paleo. The historical museums' comparison will include the London
museums, United Kingdom, the first of this kind, and the ones that can be found in Bucharest,
Romania, which are remarkable through their pioneering approach to the exhibition design, as well
as those found in Budapest, Hungary, and also from other countries. Both the Geological Museum of
Bucharest and the one of Budapest were built in the turn-of-the-century architectural styles of Neo-
Romanian, respectively, Art Nouveau. Interestingly, in Budapest, the concept design includes the
architecture as part of the exhibition of the museum. Another kind of science museum is the
mineralogy museum in Baia-Mare, a regional Romanian museum connected to the mining activities
of over 680 years, a characteristic of this region. Another Romanian museum related to geology is
the Museum of Natural Sciences located in Piatra Neamt, renowned for its collections that contain a
monographic presentation of the area from a geological, paleontological, and ecological point of view
and includes a vast section with fossils. Another important category of places is the UNESCO
geoparks, and in our paper, we provide an insight into the ones from Serbia, Hungary, Croatia,
Slovenia, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Romania represented by two sites: the UNESCO Geopark
Ţara Hațegului and "Buzau Land" that gained in 2022 the UNESCO Global Geopark title
In closing, our analysis will take a look at recent endeavors in Pavia, Italy, where the focus was on a
special feature of the geological museum, namely the tectonics and seismicity, a museum of
earthquakes. The concept of this museum is still in the initial phase, but a general presentation was
done at science fairs showing also the connection with the existing museum of the University of
Pavia, where they commemorate geology personalities.

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 DIGITAL ART HISTORY FOR THE STUDY OF FLOOD VULNERABILITY
IN DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS IN EUROPE: CARPATHIANS,
ALPS AND PRAGUE

Adrian Ibric 1, Maria Boștenaru Dan 1, Cerasella Craciun 1, Mara Popescu 1,2

1
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Romania
2
“G.E.Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania

ABSTRACT
For this study, we have made a selection of several locations from Europe, each one with its
specificity related to hydrology and geological setting, which were known to have been exposed to
flooding events of different intensities in the past. The purpose of this project is to determine if
various influences in local building culture, in response to flood risk, are applicable to early 20 th
century buildings in the selected locations. The buildings in question are designed in the well-
renowned international architectural styles, of either Art Nouveau or Modernism. These styles have
been globally spread and in each part of the world we can see that there are local variations, such as
so-called “other Modernisms”. This type of approach in design is reflected in the city plans and this
will be relevant in the case of vulnerability to floods.
In order to have a complex outlook regarding this research question, a comparison was established
between selected sites. Two of these are located in the mountainous region. One of them is the
Corbeni village, which is situated in the Carpathian Mountains, Arges County, Romania. In this case,
the researched subject is the village church housing area, which was partially reconstructed after a
major interwar flood and associated erosion. After the 1940 event, the Vidraru dam was built on the
Argeș River and, besides its main role of producing electricity, it also played a key role in flooding
control for the study area.
The other studied site is the whole area around the Como Lake, which is found in the Alps, in
Lombardy, Italy. Although most of the villas built along the lake were erected before the Art
Nouveau movement, in Cernobbio, there is an Art Nouveau style villa, the Bernasconi villa, and also
in both Cernobbio and Como, there are buildings designed by the Gruppo 7 in the Italian
Rationalism architectural style. This paper is an introduction to the project’s investigation regarding
the vulnerability to flooding of these villas found along the lake, and will examine in more detail the
Urban Planning concept of Como. In this case, it should also be specified that the duality of water as
both hazard and heritage will be taken into consideration as it is highly relevant for the analysis.
The third considered site is the city of Prague, which features valuable Art Nouveau and Modernism
buildings, specifically in the Cubist style. Some of them are located along the river shores. The 2002
flood case, considered the largest flood in city history, which also affected the historic city centre is
discussed. The comparison between this case in the Czech Republic and the previous ones will
include as well the role of dams for hydro-energy and flooding control.

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 PIONEER WOMEN GEOLOGISTS: ELIZA LEONIDA ZAMFIRESCU’S MEMORY

Maria Boștenaru Dan 1, Mirela Adriana Anghelache 2, Roxana Mihaly 3,

Cerasella Craciun 1, Adrian Ibric 1

1
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Romania
2
Institute of Geodynamics of Romanian Academy, Romania
3
"Gheorghe Şincai" Institute for Social Sciences and the Humanities

ABSTRACT
The COST action “Women on the move” is a European network that celebrates the memory of
migrant women who left material and immaterial heritage. One such Romanian woman was Eliza
Leonida Zamfirescu, a chemical engineer who, we may say, made a career in geology. She was one of
the first female engineers to graduate (is considered the second in the world), though not in her
home country, Romania, but in Berlin, Germany, overcoming the prejudices of the time. After
graduation, she returned to her home country and worked for the Romanian Geological Survey,
mapping resources of the country. Due to her accomplishments, she is commemorated both in the
Technical Museum (founded by her brother Dimitrie Leonida) and in the Geological museum.
Recently, her pioneering was internationally promoted as Google celebrated her anniversary a few
years ago, and Europeana included her in the gallery of pioneer women.
Eliza Leonida Zamfirescu was born in Galati, a city on the Lower Danube in Eastern Romania. In her
native city, a street commemorates her memory. There is one street named in her memory in Berlin
and one in Northern Bucharest. This last one is a small semi-circular street, not far from the
Geological Museum. By means of the project “Streets with renown”, a plate containing her portrait
and a QR code linking to a bio-section, is placed in this location.
The paper will analyse the relationship and importance of these streets for the grid of the city, now
and in historic times of her life. It will also analyse the setting of her places of memory in a walking
tour in Bucharest, dedicated to migrant women. This tour was originated by the first author, as a
member of the WeMov COST network, and it includes, besides Eliza, other pioneer mobile women,
that are commemorated in several places in the center of Bucharest. A former presentation at the
Marie Curie Alumni Conference in Lisbon earlier this year put Eliza Leonida Zamfirescu’s pioneering
role in relation to the position of women in STEM today.

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