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moment he saw an animal of that species, though he showed no
symptoms of preparing for any defence. Bruce never heard that he
had any voice. During the day he was inclined to sleep, but became
restless and exceedingly unquiet as night came on.
Bruce describes his Fennec as about ten inches long; the tail, five
inches and a quarter, near an inch of it on the tip, black; from the
point of the fore-shoulder to that of the fore-toe, two inches and
seven-eighths; from the occiput to the point of the nose, two inches
and a half. The ears were erect, and three inches and three-eighths
long, with a plait or fold at the bottom on the outside; the interior
borders of the ears were thickly covered with soft white hair, but the
middle part was bare, and of a pink or rose colour; the breadth of the
ears was one inch and one eighth, and the interior cavity very large.
The pupil of the eye was large and black; the iris, deep blue. It had
thick and strong whiskers; the nose was sharp at the tip, black and
polished. The upper jaw was projecting; the number of cutting teeth
in each jaw, six, those in the under jaw the smallest; canine teeth,
two in each jaw, long, large, and exceedingly pointed; the number of
molar teeth, four on each side, above and below. The legs were
small; feet very broad, with four toes, armed with crooked, black, and
sharp claws on each; those on the fore-feet more crooked and sharp
than those behind. The colour of the body was dirty white, bordering
on cream-colour; the hair on the belly rather whiter, softer and longer
than on the rest of the body. His look was sly and wily. Bruce adds
that the Fennec builds his nest on trees, and does not burrow in the
earth.
Illiger, in his generic description of Megalotis, states the number of
molar teeth on each side of the upper jaw to be six, but gives no
account of those in the lower; nor does it appear on what authority
he describes the teeth at all, or where he inspected his type. In other
respects, his description agrees pretty closely with that given by
Bruce.
Sparman[82] took the Fennec to be of the species he has called
Zerda, a little animal found in the sands of Cambeda, near the Cape
of Good Hope; and Pennant and Gmelin have called Bruce’s animal,
after Sparman, Canis cerdo; Brander considered it as a species of
fox; Blumenbach rather as belonging to the Viverræ. Illiger quotes
Lacépède as having made a distinct genus of it, Fennecus[83], and
has himself placed it as one, under the name of Megalotis, in the
order Falculata, in the same family with, and immediately preceding
the genera Canis and Hyena.
M. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, assuming Bruce’s account to be
imperfect and inaccurate, supposes that the Fennec is neither more
nor less than a Galago; but M. Desmarest differs from him in opinion,
and places it in a situation analogous to that assigned it by Illiger, at
the end of the Digitigrades, in the order Carnassiers. Cuvier merely
takes the following short notice of this animal in a note, “Le Fennec
de Bruce que Gmelin a nommé Canis cerdo, et Illiger Megalotis, est
trop peu connu pour pouvoir être classé. C’est un petit animal
d’Afrique, dont les oreilles égalent presque le corps en grandeur, et
qui grimpe aux arbres, mais on n’en a descrit ni les dents ni les
doigts.” (Reg. Anim. I. 151. note). This eminent zoologist appears
from the above to hold our countryman’s veracity, or at least his
accuracy of observation, and fidelity of description, in the same low
estimation as M. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire; or he would hardly have
talked of the ears of the Fennec being nearly as large as its body[84],
or have asserted that neither the teeth nor toes have been
described. But the illustrious foreigners of whom we have, in no
offensive tone we hope, just spoken, are not the only persons who
have hesitated to place implicit confidence in all that Bruce has given
to the world: his own countrymen have shown at least an equal
disposition to set him down as a dealer in the marvellous. Time,
however, and better experience, are gradually doing the Abyssinian
traveller that justice which his cotemporaries were but too ready to
deny him.
M. Desmarest considers all the characters which Bruce has given
of the Fennec as correct, “not conceiving it possible, that he could
have assumed the far too severe tone he adopted in speaking of
Sparman and Brander, if he had not been perfectly sure of his facts.”
Mr. Griffith has given the figures of two animals, both, as he
conceives, belonging to this genus; one of them came from the Cape
of Good Hope, and is now in the Museum at Paris; it is named by
Cuvier Canis megalotis, and is described by Desmarest in his
Mammalogie, (Ency. Meth. Supp. p. 538): Major Smith has called it
Megalotis Lalandii, to distinguish it from Bruce’s Fennec. The other
animal is from the interior of Nubia, and is preserved in the Museum
at Frankfort. Both the figures are from the accurate and spirited
pencil of Major Hamilton Smith. The first animal is as large as the
common fox, and decidedly different from Bruce’s Fennec; the
second, Major Smith considers to be Bruce’s animal.
In the fifth volume of the Bulletin des Sciences, sect. 2. p. 262., is
an extract from a memoir of M. Leuckart, (Isis, 2 Cahier, 1825), on
the Canis cerdo, or Zerda of naturalists, in which it is stated that M.
M. Temminck and Leuckart saw the animal in the Frankfort Museum,
which had been previously drawn by Major Smith, and recognized it
for the true Zerda; and the former gentleman, in the prospectus of
his Monographies de Mammalogie, announced it as belonging to the
genus Canis, and not to that of Galago. M. Leuckart coincides in
opinion with M. Temminck, and conceives that the genus Megalotis,
or Fennecus, must be suppressed, “the animal very obviously
belonging to the genus Canis, and even to the subgenus Vulpes.” He
adds, “that it most resembles the C. corsac; the number of teeth and
their form are precisely the same as those of the fox, which it also
greatly resembles in its feet, number of toes, and form of tail. The
principal difference between the fox and the Zerda consists in the
great length of the ears of the latter and its very small size.”
The singular controversy, not even yet decided, that has arisen
respecting this little animal, has induced us to preface our
description of the individual before us, by this sketch of its history.
6—6 1—1
Fennecus. Dentium formula.—Dentes primores 6—6, laniarii 1—1
6—6
, molares 7—7?