PDF document-B5F0E0FFA108-1

© Oxford University Press (China) Ltd 2017
22 Scramble for energy
2.4 i v e s ?
r e a l t e r n a t
Ar e t h e
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Let’s explore Quiz Part summary Answers
How has the global

renewable power
capacity changed?
Global renewable power capacity
The global renewable power capacity has been (

increasing / decreasing ) since 2000.
This is because fossil Why is there

fuels are running out, such a
and they create so many change?
environmental problems
_____________
Global renewable power capacity
The global renewable power capacity has been (

increasing / decreasing ) since 2000.
Are these new energy resources good alternatives to

fossil fuels?
Solar power Wind power
HEP Biofuel Nuclear power
The
END
Is solar power a good alternative?

Solar power could be found virtually everywhere
in the world.
Can you give
some daily-life
examples of solar
power in use?
The Zero Carbon Building has installed solar PV

panels on its roof to tap solar power
Is solar power a good alternative?

How is electricity
Sunlight falls on generated by the
solar panels and solar power?
heats water in pipe
Steam turbine and
Water generator produce Powerlines
electricity distribute power
around
Water runs through Electricity is transferred

heat exchanger to from storage substation
make steam
Which region is
Deserts are more suitable, more suitable for
as there is no _________
cloud developing solar
cover for most of the day. power?
(Credit: Weed Army Community Hospital/flickr)

What are the advantages and limitations of

solar power? Advantages
1 _________,
Clean produce
no air pollutants and
greenhouse gases
2 Renewable
3 Safe
4 ________
Low running
cost
5 Can be tapped when
there is ___________
sunshine
(Credit: Bureau of Land Management/flickr)

Solar power developed in the California Desert
Limitations
1 costly
It is ___________: the cost of manufacturing solar
panels is higher than setting up thermal power
plants.
(Credit: M.O. Stevens/Wikimedia Commons)
Limitations
daytime
2 It is only available during _____________.
3 Its production varies with weather, so the electricity
supply is ( stable / unstable ).
Limitations
4 It requires a large area of land to set up the solar
power pants.
pollution
5 Manufacturing solar panels causes ____________.
We lose
our home.
Is wind power a good alternative?

With improvement in
technology, the efficiency of
wind turbines
________________ has
improved.
Wind farms are normally built
wind
in places where ___________
speeds reach a certain
__________
stable
level and are ___________.
( Onshore / Offshore ) wind
farms are better choices
because the wind is more
stable and powerful. (Credit: warrenski/flickr)
The wind farm in Cape Town,
South Africa
How is electricity
generated by a
wind turbine?Wind currents move the blades
The generator inside

the wind turbine turns lines distribute
Power ______
kinetic ___________converts
the __________ energy
power around
Transformer
electricaltheenergy
into __________ electricity into
suitable voltage for
distribution
Electricity Power
substation
Sea
Animation: How wind generates electricity
Please click above for animation


wind power?
Advantages
1 Clean
2 Renewable
3 ( High / Low ) running cost
(Credit: John W. Schulze/flickr)

American Wind Power Center
in Lubbock, the USA
Limitations
Blades may kill birds and bats.

To some people, wind
turbines cause visual
pollution.
Noise will frighten away
birds and animals, and
noise
cause __________
pollution.
(Credit: ms.akr/flickr)
Limitations
It requires stable wind speed over a ( long / short )

period of time to run the turbines.
The construction cost is high.
Case
Study
(Credit: Lawrence Murray/flickr)
Is hydroelectric power (HEP) a good

choice?
Hydroelectric power (HEP) or hydroelectricity is the
falling water
energy produced by ______________.
Where can
HEP be
generated?
(Credit: Denl Wllllams/flickr)

HEP can be generated at

the river course with a (
gentle / steep ) gradient.
How is
HEP
generated?
Power lines
Dam
Transformer
HEP plant
Reservoir
Generator
Water Water flows through

flowing water pipes and
downstream Turbine reaches the bottom of
the dam
Sediment
Water flow Water pushes the
turbines and drives
Electricity
the generators
Animation: How HEP is generated electricity
Please click above for animation

Where are the large HEP plants in the world?
There are many large HEP

plants on all the major
__________
rivers in the world.
HEP plants with installed capacity over 4,000 MW
What are the advantages and limitations of HEP?

Advantages
1 Clean, does not release 2 Renewable
greenhouse gases and air 3 Safe
pollutants
4 Low running cost
5 Electricity
generation is
more stable than
solar and wind
power
(Credit: Ontarlo Power Generation/flickr)

Limitations
floods
Reservoir behind the dam __________ large
area. This forces the affected people to
move
__________. Also, the dam will change the
natural environment. This disturbs fish and
other life in the river.
It is expensive
to construct the
HEP plant.
sediment supply
Reduces ___________
to downstream area. This
fertility
lowers the ___________ of
farmland there.
(Credit: Ontario Power Generation/flickr)
Limitations
If the dam
collapses, a
serious disaster
may occur.
Case
Study
Electricity generation will be
drought
affected during __________.
(Credit: Ontario Power Generation/flickr)
How about biofuels?

plant
Biofuels are fuels produced from ___________ or
animal products or waste.
Ethanol and __________
__________ biodiesel are the two most common
biofuels.
What are ethanol

and biodiesel
produced from?
(Credit: Bob Castle/Wikimedia

Commons)
2.1 2.2 2.3
A bus running
2.4 2.5 Let’s explore Quiz
on biofuel
Part summary Answers
Sugar from crops, e.g.

corn and sugar cane
Sugar are fermented

and then distilled to
alcohol
Ethanol
______________
(Credit: Catawba County/Flickr)
Oil from plants, waste

cooking oil, animal
fats
________ and ________
fish oil
Soybean Palm Cooking
oil oil oil
Oil is refined and filtered
Biodiesel
(Credit: United Soybean

Board/Flickr)

biofuels?
Advantages
1 Clean, produces fewer air
pollutants Ethanol
2 Cheaper than using fossil plant
m ical
fuels Che lizer
i
3 Renewable fert
carbon dioxide
4 Reduces _______________
emissions
5 Reduces the need of
fossil fuels
importing ______________
as crops can be grown Ethanol is clean
locally and renewable.
Limitations
1 Affects food supply
Biofuel is produced
from crops
When more crops are used for biofuel,

there are fewer crops for consumption
As supply of crops decreases, the

price of crops ( increases / decreases )
Limitations
Need energy input
energy to
2 Needs __________
grow crops. The energy Pesticides
used to produce biofuels
may be as much as the Machines
final product itself. Ethanol
plant
3 Requires high cost to i c al
m
Che lizer
refine biofuels fert
i
Limitations
4 As more land is converted to grow crops for biofuels,

biodiversity of natural habitats is destroyed and
the ____________
reduced.
5 Growing more crops for biofuels will reduce the amount
of trees that can absorb carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
Forest
Palm
plantation
Case
Study
(Credit:
2.1
glennhurowitz/flickr)
2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Let’s explore Quiz Part summary Answers
Is nuclear power a possible way out?

Nuclear power is ( renewable / non-renewable ).
uranium
It is produced from _____________.
How is
nuclear power
generated?
(Credit: IAEA Imagebank/flickr)

Mining
uranium
__________ Steam turns
ores turbine
___________ to
generate electricity
Refining
uranium
Heat energy is
turned into
Nuclear fuel rods steam
___________
sent to nuclear
plant
Fission of fuel produces

heat
large amount of __________
energy inside the reactor
(Credit: Bjoern Schwarz/flickr)

What are the advantages, disadvantages and

risks of nuclear power?
Advantages
efficient
It is ____________ if the nuclear plant functions
properly.
clean
It is ___________ as there is no discharge of air
pollutants and greenhouse gases during the electricity
generation process.
Is nuclear
power really
clean?
Disadvantages
Nuclear power plants are expensive to build.

Mining, refining and transport of uranium, construction
of nuclear plants and the cooling of nuclear waste
involve the use of
fossil
__________ fuels.
The environmental
problems caused
still exist.
Hot water is discharged
into rivers or seas,
which causes
thermal pollution.
__________
Disadvantages Thermal pollution is

disastrous to corals.
Healthy coral is Coral is

colourful _______________
bleached
Thermal
pollution
(Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Credit: Matt Kieffer/flickr)

headquarters/flickr)
Risks
radioactive Radiation is harmful to

Uranium is ____________.
people, animals and plants. High levels of radiation
either kill people immediately or they die later from
cancer.
Trailer of ‘Nuclear Nation’

(a documentary about the exile of
residents living close to the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant)
Please click to browse online

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Plant after a serious earthquake
Risks
Warehouse
Nuclear waste is still

radioactive after many
years. There is no safe
way to dispose of it.
600
metres Rocks
Final disposal must take
place deep underground
in remote areas
Transporter
High-level radioactive waste is

stored deep underground
Wind power development in the United

Kingdom
fossil fuels
The UK depends heavily on _____________ for
electricity generation.
However, it has
committed to reduce Fossil
carbon dioxide
_______________ fuels
emissions and secure
its energy supply.
What has the

UK done to
achieve this?
Electricity generation by fuel

sources in the UK, 2014

Kingdom
Since 2005, electricity generated by wind power has
increased rapidly.
In 2014, wind power

contributed around
50% of the electricity
generated by
renewable energy
resources.
Electricity generation by
renewable energy resources
in the UK

Kingdom
Many more onshore and offshore wind farms are under
construction or under planning.
The country’s target is to have 30% of its electricity
supply generated from wind farms by 2020.
(Credit: Gary Denham/flickr)

A wind farm in Scotland, the UK
Why is wind power important in the UK?
The geographical
characteristics of the UK is
favourable for developing wind
power:
It is the ____________
windiest
country in Europe.
long
It is has ___________ and
open coastlines.
Distribution of wind farms in the UK
22
Scramble for energy
What are the benefits and costs of developing

wind power in the UK?
Environmental
benefit
Cuts down emissions of
carbon dioxide sulphur dioxide
_______________,
and nitrogen oxides
Economic Reduces reliance on Sustains energy

benefit ________________
fossil fuels supply
____________
jobs for local people and business

Creates ________
opportunities for different sectors, and
_______________
generates ________
tax revenue for the government
22
Scramble for energy

wind power in the UK?
Destroys the beauty of

the countryside
The technology of
Need huge
Economic cost offshore wind industry
____________
investment
is not yet mature
Need large amounts of capital

for the development of offshore
infrastructure
wind ________________
Development of HEP in China

HEP is the ( 1st / 2nd /
3rd ) important source
of energy in China.
In 2013, it accounted
for about 17% of
electricity
production.
HEP has a fairly
long history of
development in
China.
Distribution of major HEP plants in China
22Scramble for energy
Why does China invest heavily on HEP

development? ② Using fossil fuels
causes air
pollution
① Dense river
network favours
HEP development
③ Technology in
electricity
_______________
transmission
has improved
Development of biofuels in Brazil

ethanol
Brazil is one of the major producers of ___________.
Its climate is favorable for growing sugar cane.
It has a long history

of producing ethanol
from sugar cane and
using ethanol fuel.
Its production is for
both local use and
export.
(Credit: Cicero R. C. Omena/flickr)

A sugar cane field in Brazil
Development of biofuels in Brazil

As the global demand for biofuels increases, Brazil
also uses soybean oil to produce biodiesel.
(Credit: United Soybean Board/flickr) (Credit: United Soybean Board/flickr)
22
Scramble for energy

biofuels in the Brazil?
Reduces reliance on
oil
imported ________
Earns foreign currencies

exporting biofuel
by ____________
Benefit
Large area of tropical

rainforests provides land
for growing fuel crops
population
The large ____________
provides a large market
for biofuels
22
Scramble for energy

biofuels in the Brazil?
supply
Affects the __________ and
price of sugar, as sugar from
sugar cane is used for
Cost
ethanol production
Destroys tropical rainforests

in the Amazon Basin
How does
destroying tropical
rainforest affect the
environment?
Reduces the biodiversity of

Destruction of the rainforest
tropical rainforests
in the Amazon
Basin Reduces the absorption of
_______________
carbon dioxide by the trees
Rainforest
Rainforest
Soybean field
A large piece of
Amazon rainforest
is cleared for
(Credit:BrazilPhotos.com /Alamy Stock Photo) planting soybean

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© Oxford University Press (China) Ltd 2017

22 Scramble for energy

How has the global

Global renewable power capacity

The global renewable power capacity has been (

This is because fossil Why is there

Global renewable power capacity

The global renewable power capacity has been (

Are these new energy resources good alternatives to

Solar power Wind power

HEP Biofuel Nuclear power

Is solar power a good alternative?

The Zero Carbon Building has installed solar PV

Is solar power a good alternative?

Water runs through Electricity is transferred

(Credit: Weed Army Community Hospital/flickr)

What are the advantages and limitations of

(Credit: Bureau of Land Management/flickr)

(Credit: M.O. Stevens/Wikimedia Commons)

(Credit: M.O. Stevens/Wikimedia Commons)

(Credit: M.O. Stevens/Wikimedia Commons)

Is wind power a good alternative?

The generator inside

Animation: How wind generates electricity

Please click above for animation

What are the advantages and limitations of

(Credit: John W. Schulze/flickr)

Blades may kill birds and bats.

It requires stable wind speed over a ( long / short )

Is hydroelectric power (HEP) a good

(Credit: Denl Wllllams/flickr)

HEP can be generated at

Water Water flows through

Animation: How HEP is generated electricity

Please click above for animation

Where are the large HEP plants in the world?

There are many large HEP

HEP plants with installed capacity over 4,000 MW

What are the advantages and limitations of HEP?

(Credit: Ontarlo Power Generation/flickr)

How about biofuels?

What are ethanol

(Credit: Bob Castle/Wikimedia

Sugar from crops, e.g.

Sugar are fermented

Oil from plants, waste

Oil is refined and filtered

(Credit: United Soybean

What are the advantages and limitations of

1 Affects food supply

When more crops are used for biofuel,

As supply of crops decreases, the

4 As more land is converted to grow crops for biofuels,

Is nuclear power a possible way out?

(Credit: IAEA Imagebank/flickr)

Fission of fuel produces

(Credit: Bjoern Schwarz/flickr)

What are the advantages, disadvantages and

Nuclear power plants are expensive to build.

Disadvantages Thermal pollution is

Healthy coral is Coral is

(Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Credit: Matt Kieffer/flickr)

radioactive Radiation is harmful to

Trailer of ‘Nuclear Nation’