MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HERITAGE & ARTS

FIJI YEAR 8 EXAMINATION 2022

HEALTHY LIVING
DETAILED SOLUTION
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS [40 marks]

Circle the letter of the correct answer in this Answer Booklet.

1 A B C D
D

2 A B C D

3 A B
B C D

4 A B CC D

5 A BB C D

6 A BB C D

7 A BB C D

8 A B C D
D

9 A B C D

10 A BB C D

11 AA B C D

12 A B
B C D

13 A B C D
D

14 A B C
C D

15 A B C D
D

16 A B C
C D

17 A B C DD

18 A B C D
D

19 A B C D
D
20 A B C D 40
20
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SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS [40 marks]

Circle the letter of the best answer in the Answer Booklet.

Each question is worth 2 marks.
1. One expectation of being a five (5) year old child in a community is to

A. care for younger siblings. B. helping in gardening.

C. be interested in looks. D. respect elders.

Gender Image and Expectations – Expectations of a society about being a male and a female.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 6

2. Peer pressure is felt when young people are

A. helping mum at home.

B. planting cassava in the backyard.
C. hanging around with friends after school.
D. lying down in bed with a fractured leg in the hospital.
Social Changes In Boys
During puberty boys will use social media as a way of communication a lot and want to spend
more time with friends.

Social Changes In Girls – Peer Group Acceptance.

Teenage girls seek to spend more time with their friends like hanging out with friends provides an
avenue where they develop social skills.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 2 & 3

3. The two important gases that are exchanged in the human beings are

A. oxygen and nitrogen. B. oxygen and carbon dioxide.

C. carbon dioxide and hydrogen. D. carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
The Respiratory System
The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between man and the environment.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 12

4. Most adolescents go through some emotional ups and downs because of the

A. value of friendship.

B. changes in someone else’s beliefs.

C. social changes and satisfactions one has to go through.

D. physical changes and conflicts a person has to go through.

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Emotional Changes
You often experience pressure to be like your peers at a time when you are trying to be more
independent. The conflict that results from this can cause you to feel worried, unsure and critical
of you. You also can become concerned with the way your physical changes make you similar to
or different from your peers.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 9

5. One of the best examples of a responsible behaviour in maintaining a healthy

relationship is being

A. a frequent smoker.
B. honest to one another.
C. suspicious of everyone.
D. independent of each other.

Healthy Relationships
• Good Communications
• Support
• Equity and Fairness
• Trust
• Honesty
• Mutual Respect Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 24
• Freedom

•
6. Engaging in sexual activities at an early age can lead to

A. a healthy lifestyle.
B. teenage pregnancy.
C. planned pregnancy.
D. reduction in health problems.
Teenage Pregnancies
Impacts of having sexual contact at an early age
Having sex when the time is not right has many negative impacts. One of the biggest impact is
teenage pregnancy.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 18

7. Conflicts and scapegoating are known as

A. dynamic group behaviours.

B. disruptive group behaviours.
C. motivational group behaviours.
D. constructive group behaviours.

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Group Behaviours
Disruptive Group Behaviours
Difficult behaviours which can occur within group situations.

Conflict
Disagreements within groups are common but often a healthy way of building unity. This is
because if people disagree on something, they will have the opportunity to explain why and
perhaps offer alternative solutions to the problems of the group.

Scapegoating
When things go wrong in a group situation it is sometimes easy to direct blame at one or more
individual within the group and can be very damaging for the individual concerned also for the
group as a whole.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 21

8. An unhealthy relationship affects an individual

A. spiritually and emotionally.

B. emotionally and not mentally.
C. physically and not emotionally.
D. physically, emotionally and mentally.

UnHealthy Relationships
An unhealthy relationship is damaging physically, emotionally or mentally.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 22

9. After which of the following events would someone likely need to become
resilient?

A. house burnt down.

B. playing in the rain.
C. eating too much snacks.
D. watching TV for long hours.

Resiliency
It is the ability to overcome challenges of all kinds like trauma, tragedy or personal crisis and
bounce back stronger, wiser and more personally powerful.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 25

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10. A characteristic of good mental health is

A. sleeping two to three hours each night.

B. eating healthy and nutritious food every day.
C. spending time with negative thinking people.
D. having a low self-esteem in difficult situations.

Good Mental Health

A well-maintained body can be obtained by:
• Sleeping seven to eight hours each night.
• Learning about good nutrition, its effect on energy and mood and practicing it.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 28

11. A way in which our environment can be made safe includes

A. replanting of trees.
B. cutting down trees to build more parks.
C. throwing rubbish carelessly within the school compound.
D. excessive use of pest control sprays in the school garden.

Unsafe Environment
Safety is our priority and we are accountable for the environment we are in. The environment
that we are surrounded with should always be safe and well protected.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 30

12. We can respond positively to the effects of natural disasters by

A. doing fun drives to collect money after the disaster.

B. having a disaster management plan before a disaster.
C. swimming across a flooded river with friends during a disaster.
D. staying outdoor and cleaning the compound during the disaster.

To respond positively to the effects of natural disasters it is important to be well prepared or be

prepared in advance, have plans to follow when in the situation. Simply doing everything to be
prepared for the effects of the natural disasters and use plans for no major destruction during the
disaster.

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13. Public amenities are provided to members of the community for

A. display and exhibition.

B. ensuring that every member is doing the same thing.
C. beautifying the environment and the community we live in.
D. a decrease in unhealthy lifestyle and promote health and wellness.

Public amenities are for provided for the comfort of the public promoting healthy lifestyle and
good health.

14. One of the best uses of soap as a personal hygiene product is that it

A. keeps the body fresh and cool.

B. gives a good smell to the body.

C. prevents growth of germs in the body.

D. kills the bacteria present in the mouth.

The best use of soap is to prevent the growth of germs in the body.

15. The expiry date on the products provides the

A. nutritional value.

B. distributor’s information.

C. manufacturer’s information.

D. information by when it should be used.

Expiry date shows the date by when the product should be used.

16. An example of a nutritious balanced meal using local food is:

A. rice and chicken curry with a cup of tea.

B. boiled cabbage, tomato and onions with lemon juice.

C. boiled fish with cabbage, cassava and coconut juice.

D. boiled beans with noodle, cassava and fresh grape juice.

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Balanced meal using local foods will contain food that is available locally, example boiled fish
with cabbage, cassava and coconut juice.

Source: https://www.health.gov.fj/healthy-fijian-food-in-the-global-spotlight/

17. Non- communicable diseases can be prevented by

A. sleeping less hours.

B. having fast food for dinner.

C. eating and exercising irregularly.

D. exercising and eating balanced meals.

Non- Communicable Diseases (NCD)

Tobacco use, physically inactivie and unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol increases
the risk of or cause most NCDs.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 48

18. BMI stands for ________________

A. Body Measurement Indicator.

B. Body Measuring Instrument.

C. Body Mass Indicator.

D. Body Mass Index.

BMI stands for Body Mass Index

Source: https://swolverine.com/blogs/blog/what-does-bmi-stand-for

19. The most common environmental issue affecting us today is

A. poverty. B. pollution.

C. deforestation. D. climate change.

Climate change is the largest threat to the environment around us.

Source:https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/10/climate-change-greatest-threat-world-
has-ever-faced-un-expert-warns
https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2019/09/united-nations-climate-action-summit

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20. Safety in the environment we live in is

A. everyone’s priority.

B. God’s responsibility only.

C. the adults’ business only.

D. the Government’s responsibility.

Safety is our priority and we are accountable for the environment we are in.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook page 30

SECTION B [60 marks]

There are four parts in this section and all parts are compulsory.

PART 1 (20 marks)

(a) MATCHING (5 marks)
Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column II.
Write the letter of your best choice in the space provided next to
the numbers in the Answer Booklet.

COLUMN I COLUMN II
1. Traumatised D A. Filters the air we breathe in.
C The joining of the male and female
2. Over speeding B.
gamete.
A One of the main causes of accidents on
3. Windpipe C.
our roads.
E D. Impacts of disasters that has physical,
4. Coronary Artery emotional and social consequences on
people.
5. Fertilisation B E. Supplies blood to the heart.
F. A discharge of fluid from the body.
G. Takes blood away from the heart.

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(b) TRUE OR FALSE (7 marks)

Read the following statements carefully. Beside numerals 1-7

in the Answer Booklet, write T if the statement is true or F if
it is false.

1. Respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called

the lungs. T
2. Abstinence should be encouraged amongst teenagers. T
3. Victims of disasters are usually pleased with their experiences. F
4. Collecting cash or kind for a family who are victims of a fire is an
example of community support. T
5. Canned baked beans are unprocessed food. F
6. Non Communicable Diseases are passed through handshakes. F
7. Deforestation promotes global warming. T

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SECTION B
(c) FILL IN THE BLANKS (8 marks)

Complete each sentence by using one word from the Word List
provided. Write your answers in the Answer Booklet. Each
word should be used only once.
WORD LIST

rights focused puberty nutrients

productive yourself flooded peers
transportation hazards

Most boys participate in risk taking activities that can be dangerous.

Boys will also be heavily influenced by their peers during puberty.

When recognizing, understanding and minimizing disruptive group

behaviours, group work becomes more productive and efficient.

Our homes and schools must be protected from hazards, abuse,

intruders and harm.

People in power have a responsibility to use this power in a way that is

respectful of the human rights of others.

Mentally and emotionally healthy people are focused, flexible and

creative during good and bad times.

Resilience means that whatever bad times you go through; you can

always bounce back and be yourself or even better.

Processing of food dilutes the remaining nutrients by adding cheap

fillers as water, fats and sugar.

Source: Year 8 Healthy Living Textbook.

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PART 2 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (10 marks)

Answer the following questions in the space provided in the Answer Booklet.

(a) Identify one advantage of peer pressure.

Help in time of need/ help to do good things/ give good advice/ encourage good things/ provides
support during studies/ gives a sense of belonging and helps in hard times.

(b) Define breathing.

The passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen and the passage of air out of the
lungs to remove carbon dioxide/ in haling of oxygen and exhaling of carbon dioxide/inhaling and
exhaling of air.

(c) Define abstinence.

Not engaging in sexual activities at all or saying no to sex.

(d) State a reason why solving a disagreement within groups is a

healthy way of building unity.

This is because if people disagree on something, they will have the opportunity to explain why
and perhaps alternative solutions are stated by group members to the problems of the
group/alternative solutions to the disagreement is sorted by group members collectively/for better
decisions/ for better ideas/for positivity in expression and thoughts.

(e) State a reason why resiliency is important.

For happy life/longer life/to be successful/to have a positive mindset/have a high self esteem and
to boost confidence.

(f) State one unsafe environment at home.

Kitchen/bathroom/ toilet/bedroom/ sitting room/washing room/verandah/garden/garage/tool shed

or tool room/bulk room.

(g) Which personal hygiene product promotes cleanliness of teeth?

Mouth wash/toothbrush/tooth paste/salt and water/ dental floss/charcoal.

(h) Which food group should occupy the most space on a healthy
plate of food?

Healthy food/fruits and vegetables/vitamins and minerals/health or protective foods.

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(i) State one environmental problem in Fiji that affects marine life.

Water pollution/ oil spill/ dangerous fishing methods like usage of dynamites/ wall net fishing/
soil erosion/ littering/ over fishing / sewage leakage/ overharvesting of corals/ usage of
insecticides/ pesticides on farms.

(j) State one solution to the problem mentioned in (i) above.

More awareness/ workshops for communities/ in place of strict marine or ocean policies/ heavy
fines/ harsher penalties.

PART 3 ILLUSTRATIONS AND LABELLING (10 marks)

Answer the following questions in the space provided in the Answer Booklet.

(a) As one grows, he or she has to learn how to behave. These are
known as gender expectations.

(i) What is gender? (1 mark)

Gender is sex of an individual as either man or woman based on the physical appearance like
body shape, facial features, hair length, voice, skin etc, the distinguish of a male or female, neither
or both.

(ii) State an expectation of a ten (10) year old male and female
from their parents. (2 marks)

Male: Respect the parents/ do well at school/ planting and gardening with father.
Female: Work hard in school/ respect parents/ stay indoors/ do not talk to strangers/ helping
mother in the house chaos/ parental support/ right to food/ water/ shelter and education/ love and
care.

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SECTION B (continued)

(b) The Respiratory System is shown below. Name the parts labelled
(i), (ii) and (iii) in the Answer Booklet.

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

(i) Bronchioles

(ii)

Bronchi
Alveoli

(iii)
Source: http://www.clipartmag.com
Source: https://www.pinterest.com
(3 marks)

(i.) Wind pipe/Trachea (ii.) Right Lung

(iii.) Diaphragm

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(c) Study the picture given below and answer the questions in the
Answer Booklet.

Source: https://www.reuters.com

(i) List two ways of maintaining healthy relationship when

playing sports. (2 marks)

Honest and trust worthy player/ provides support to team members/ respect and love for
opponents/ has good communication skills/ fair player/ follows rules/ good team player/ accepts
defense.

(d) Study the BMI chart below and answer the questions in the
Answer Booklet.

Source: https://www.nigeriahealthonline.com

(i) Identify the BMI category of a person with the height of

1.6 metres and a weight of 80 kilograms. (1 mark)

Obese or Obesity

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(ii) Which type of food a person should avoid to be in a healthy

weight category? (1 mark)

Junk foods/ fatty foods/ oily foods and sugary foods.

PART 4 RESOURCE INTERPRETATION (20 marks)

(a) The picture below shows distractions behind the wheel that may
lead to road accidents. Use your knowledge to answer the
questions in the Answer Booklet.

Source: https://www.blog.frontiersin.org

(i) Refer to the picture on page 11 and identify three

things that are considered dangerous while driving.
(3 marks)

Not wearing seat belt/ drinking and driving/ talking on the phone and driving/ holding
steering wheel with one hand.

(ii) State one safety rule when crossing the road. (1 mark)

Look to the left and to the right until there is no passing vehicle before crossing the road/ use
the traffic lights for crossing/ gadgets not to be used when crossing/ use pedestrian or zebra
crossing/ avoid jay walking/ no playing/ wear bright coloured clothes in the night when
crossing roads.

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(b) The picture below shows participation in Community Service.
Use the picture and your knowledge to answer the questions
in the Answer Booklet.

Source : https://www.slowfood.com

(i) What is community service? (1 mark)

Simply working without pay in order to serve a common good or providing assistance or help
without pay or money.

(ii) State one importance of community service. (1 mark)

Community service is important as needy people are provided with assistance/ is a good thing to
give/ help without expecting anything in return/giving back the service to the community and is
the right thing to do.

(iii) Explain a reason why you should be involved with

community service. (2 marks)
Making the environment around them a better place without being paid/feel it is the right to do/
wanting to give back to the community/ self- satisfaction of helping others/ create a sense of
belonging and providing free service/ promote cleanliness of environment.

(iv) Who is called a volunteer? (1 mark)

Person or individual working without pay.

(v) List two volunteer groups in our country. (2 marks)

Red Cross / St Johns / AVI-Australian Volunteers Program/ Foundation for Education of the
Needy Children/ Save the Children FijI/ Live and Learn.

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(c) Use the picture and your knowledge to answer the questions
in the Answer Booklet.

Source : www.fijisun.com.fj.

(i) Explain the term Non-communicable disease. (2 marks)

NCD is a type of illness that has been with a person for a long period of time and develops very
slowly in the body of the person or diseases that hardly spreads to another.

(ii) Describe one type of Non-communicable disease. (2 marks)

Cardiovascular diseases(like heart attacks and strokes)/ cancer/ chronic respiratory diseases(such
as asthma)diabetes/ hypertension.

(iii) State a cause of Non-communicable disease. (1 mark)

Use of Tobacco/ lack of exercise/ unhealthy diet/ harmful use of alcohol/ inhaling harmful
substances.

(iv) Explain a preventative measure of Non-communicable

diseases. (2 marks)
Avoid usage of tobacco/ alcohol/ harmful substances/ exercise regularly/ healthy diet/ drinking
enough water and regular medical checkups.

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(d) Study the picture below and answer the questions in the
Answer Booklet.

Source: https://www.bbc.com

(i) State one human activity that can cause this disaster. (1 mark)

Water pollution/ oil spillage/ usage of dynamites/ factory waste disposal/ sewage disposal.

(ii) Name one awareness you will create to minimise the

problem above. (1 mark)

Media release through TV radio broadcast/ social media platforms and advocating into the
school education system/ more outreach to community/ poster design/ speech/ essay/
documentaries/videos.

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