Grade 3

Ch-1 Introduction to Computer

Computer machine made up of parts that helps you to
Enter data ~~> process data ~~> result(output) ~~> store result

Uses of computer:
● listen to music.
● use the internet.
● send email.
● play games.
● draw a picture.
● watch a movie.
● chat with a friend/ relatives
● School
● Office
● Airport
● Railway station
Etc
# computer is made up of hardware and software.

Hardware:
Parts of computer that we can touch or feel
Eg: monitor, keyboard
Software:
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers
and execute specific tasks
Eg; windows 11, KTurtle, MAC os, android
Starting a computer:
1. Switch on the power button.
2. Switch on ups.
3. Switch on the cpu cabinet power button.
4. Switch on the monitor.
Entering Data:
An input device (keyboard,mouse) used to enter data or instructions.
Keyboard:
An input device used to enter characters and functions into the computer system
by pressing buttons, or keys.
1. Wired keyboard
2. Wireless keyboard
3. Bluetooth
Mouse :
An input device helps us point to items on the monitor.
1. Wired mouse
2. Wireless mouse
3. Bluetooth
Processing Data:
Action taken on the data.
Example: 72+84
1. Type the number and instruct(input) the computer to add.
2. Computer will process data (process)and display the result(output).
CPU- Central Processing Unit:
#Brain of the computer( controls all functions of the computer).
3 -parts:
1. ALU- Arithmetic logic unit
Does arithmetic and logical comparison.
2. Control Unit: CU
Controls movement of information between register, ALU and other
parts of the computer.
3. Register:
1. Small memory unit in CPU.
2. Help the ALU to access data easily and helps the CU to quickly pass
to the other parts of the computer.
Output:
The result given by the computer after processing.
Output Device:
1. Monitor - (soft copy)
used to display the output after processing data.
2. Printer - (Hard copy)
used to print the output on paper.
3. Speaker:
Used to listen to music and other sounds from the computer.
Storing Data:
Main memory(primary memory): RAM (read and write) ROM(read only)
Primary memory is the computer's main memory and stores data temporarily.
Data stored in primary memory can be directly accessed by the CPU.
Secondary memory:
Secondary memory is external memory and saves data permanently.
Example:
● Hard disk drives (HDDs).
● Cloud storage.
● CD-ROM drives.
● DVD drives.
● Blu-ray drives.
● USB flash drives.
● SD cards.
Shutting down computer:
1. Click start button
2. Select shutdown button from menu
( message appears —> Logging off —---> shutting down )
3.switch off the power button on the monitor.
4.switch off ups
5. Switch of power button