Essay

1. Identify and explain the faults and problems of Spanish colonial government in the management of
the Philippine Islands

- Economic exploitation by Spanish colonists through the recommends system, which involved taking
labor and resources from native communities and causing economic inequality and impeding local
development.

2. How does Lopez Jaena describe and criticize the educational system in the Philippines? Cite examples.
(10 pts)

- Graciano Lopez Jaena criticizes the shortcomings of the Philippine educational system during the
colonial era. He draws attention to the lack of foundational courses like Spanish grammar and useful
abilities like physics and agriculture. He also takes issue with the government employees' frequent
turnover, saying it leads to incompetence and impedes progress.

3. Do you agree to the author's idea that having more freedom (in speech, press, commerce and
mobility) will lead to social progress? Explain your answer

- Yes, Without the right to free speech, people would not be able to criticize public officials, compare
their theories to those of others, respond to negative remarks with opposing arguments, or express their
unique personalities and freedom.

4. Does the problem stated by Lopez Jaena are still observable in modern Philippine society? Give at
least three parallelisms and explain.

- Lopez Jaena's colonial-era critiques align with modern challenges in the Philippines. Persistent
educational disparities, government inefficiency, corruption, and concerns about freedom of expression
reflect ongoing issues. Despite societal evolution, these parallels emphasize the need for continuous
efforts to address educational inequalities, enhance governance, and preserve democratic principles for
societal progress.